Fūrinkazan: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|War banner of Japanese daimyo Takeda Shingen}} |
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{{Other uses|Fūrinkazan (disambiguation)}} |
{{Other uses|Fūrinkazan (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Chinese words and phrases]]}} |
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Chinese words and phrases]]}} |
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{{ |
{{More citations needed|date=June 2017}} |
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[[Image:Flag of Furinkazan.svg|thumb|''Fūrinkazan'' banner]] |
[[Image:Flag of Furinkazan.svg|thumb|''Fūrinkazan'' banner]] |
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{{Nihongo|'''''Fūrinkazan'''''|風林火山||"Wind, Forest, Fire, Mountain"|lead=yes}} |
{{Nihongo|'''''Fūrinkazan'''''|風林火山||"Wind, Forest, Fire, Mountain"|lead=yes}} is a popularized version of the [[battle standard]] used by the [[Sengoku period]] ''[[daimyō]]'' [[Takeda Shingen]]. The banner quoted four phrases from [[Sun Tzu]]'s ''[[The Art of War]]'': "as swift as wind, as gentle as forest, as fierce as fire, as unshakable as mountain." |
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==Original version== |
==Original version== |
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The original version of the banner is mentioned in the [[Kōyō Gunkan]], a record of the military exploits of the Takeda clan. It is based on four phrases from Sun Tzu, which in the original Chinese appear in two consecutive passages: |
The original version of the banner is mentioned in the [[Kōyō Gunkan]], a record of the military exploits of the Takeda clan. It is based on four phrases from Sun Tzu, which in the original Chinese appear in two consecutive passages: |
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Chapter 7, passage 17: |
Chapter 7, passage 17: "故其疾如風，其徐如林" ''Let your rapidity be that of the wind, your gentleness that of the forest.'' |
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Chapter 7, passage 18: |
Chapter 7, passage 18: "侵掠如火，不動如山" ''In raiding and plundering be like fire, be immovable like a mountain.'' |
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The complete verse (chapter 7 passages 17–19) is "故其疾如風、其徐如林、侵掠如火、不動如山、難知如陰、動如雷霆", and as such it is notable that fūrinkazan omits "難知如陰" ''Be as hard to know as the shadow'' and "動如雷霆" ''Move as fast as lightning''. |
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==Four-character version== |
==Four-character version== |
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The four-character version (''[[yojijukugo]]'') appears to be a later invention. Historian Masaya Suzuki, citing the work of an authority on the military insignia of the time, argues that there is no evidence in the historical record for the four-character phrase, and that it became popular with the publication of a historical novel of the same name by [[Yasushi Inoue]] in 1953.<ref> |
The four-character version (''[[yojijukugo]]'') appears to be a later invention. Historian Masaya Suzuki, citing the work of an authority on the military insignia of the time, argues that there is no evidence in the historical record for the four-character phrase, and that it became popular with the publication of a historical novel of the same name by [[Yasushi Inoue]] in 1953.<ref>{{cite book |
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|chapter = 「風林火山」の旗印の怪しさ |
|chapter = 「風林火山」の旗印の怪しさ |
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|trans-chapter=Historicity of the fūrinkazan banner |
|trans-chapter=Historicity of the fūrinkazan banner |
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|language=Japanese |
|language=Japanese |
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|isbn=978-4569709550}}</ref> |
|isbn=978-4569709550}}</ref> |
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==Use in popular culture== |
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The character [[Ryu (Street Fighter)|Ryu]] from the video game series ''[[Street Fighter]]'' has the Furinkazan on his belt as well as highly stylised versions of the Japanese symbols on his gloves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psu.com/news/ps3-version-of-street-fighter-25th-anniversary-collectors-set-includes-a-lot-of-exclusive-content/|title=PS3 version of Street Fighter 25th Anniversary Collector's Set includes a lot of exclusive content|date=13 July 2012 }}</ref> The symbols can also be seen to the left of the character's stage in the game ''[[Street Fighter II]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boingboing.net/2020/07/10/peculiarities-and-miscellanea.html|title = Peculiarities and miscellanea of the Street Fighter series|date = 10 July 2020}}</ref> |
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The mascot of [[Yamanashi Prefecture]] in Central Japan, a samurai [[Kai Ken]] dog named Takeda Hishimaru, carries a ''gunbai'' (war fan) with the four-character version of the phrase in homage to Takeda Shingen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Yamanashi Prefecture |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/guide-to-japan/pref19/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=nippon.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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The character Sanada Genichirō, a tennis player with a kendo background from the [[manga]] series ''[[Prince of Tennis]]'' employs a set of techniques in his style of tennis named after the Furinkazan; "Fū" is an extremely fast swing that is based on a sword-drawing technique that makes the ball invisible to the eye, "Rin" is a slice that neutralizes the spin on the ball, "Ka" is an extremely powerful shot to overwhelm the opponent and "Zan" is Sanada's "Iron Wall of Defence" in a figurative sense, allowing him to return any ball the opponent may hit towards him.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Prince of Tennis Fanbook Volume 40.5|isbn = 978-4088741987|year = 2007|last1=Konomi|first1=Takeshi| publisher=Shueisha }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Fūrin Kazan (TV series)]] |
*[[Fūrin Kazan (TV series)|''Fūrin Kazan'' (TV series)]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Furinkazan}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Furinkazan}} |
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[[Category:Japanese heraldry]] |
[[Category:Japanese heraldry]] |
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{{Japan-culture-stub}} |
{{Japan-culture-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 07:04, 25 October 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2017) |
Fūrinkazan (Japanese: 風林火山, "Wind, Forest, Fire, Mountain") is a popularized version of the battle standard used by the Sengoku period daimyō Takeda Shingen. The banner quoted four phrases from Sun Tzu's The Art of War: "as swift as wind, as gentle as forest, as fierce as fire, as unshakable as mountain."
Original version
[edit]The original version of the banner is mentioned in the Kōyō Gunkan, a record of the military exploits of the Takeda clan. It is based on four phrases from Sun Tzu, which in the original Chinese appear in two consecutive passages:
Chapter 7, passage 17: "故其疾如風，其徐如林" Let your rapidity be that of the wind, your gentleness that of the forest.
Chapter 7, passage 18: "侵掠如火，不動如山" In raiding and plundering be like fire, be immovable like a mountain.
Four-character version
[edit]The four-character version (yojijukugo) appears to be a later invention. Historian Masaya Suzuki, citing the work of an authority on the military insignia of the time, argues that there is no evidence in the historical record for the four-character phrase, and that it became popular with the publication of a historical novel of the same name by Yasushi Inoue in 1953.[1]
Use in popular culture
[edit]The character Ryu from the video game series Street Fighter has the Furinkazan on his belt as well as highly stylised versions of the Japanese symbols on his gloves.[2] The symbols can also be seen to the left of the character's stage in the game Street Fighter II.[3]
The mascot of Yamanashi Prefecture in Central Japan, a samurai Kai Ken dog named Takeda Hishimaru, carries a gunbai (war fan) with the four-character version of the phrase in homage to Takeda Shingen.[4]
The character Sanada Genichirō, a tennis player with a kendo background from the manga series Prince of Tennis employs a set of techniques in his style of tennis named after the Furinkazan; "Fū" is an extremely fast swing that is based on a sword-drawing technique that makes the ball invisible to the eye, "Rin" is a slice that neutralizes the spin on the ball, "Ka" is an extremely powerful shot to overwhelm the opponent and "Zan" is Sanada's "Iron Wall of Defence" in a figurative sense, allowing him to return any ball the opponent may hit towards him.[5]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ 鈴木眞哉 (2009). "「風林火山」の旗印の怪しさ" [Historicity of the fūrinkazan banner]. 戦国武将のゴシップ記事 [Feudal warlord hearsay stories] (in Japanese). Tokyo: PHP. ISBN 978-4569709550.
- ^ "PS3 version of Street Fighter 25th Anniversary Collector's Set includes a lot of exclusive content". 13 July 2012.
- ^ "Peculiarities and miscellanea of the Street Fighter series". 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Yamanashi Prefecture". nippon.com. 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ Konomi, Takeshi (2007). The Prince of Tennis Fanbook Volume 40.5. Shueisha. ISBN 978-4088741987.
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