Špilberk Castle: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Czech fortress}} |
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{{Redirect|Špilberk|the Italian comune|Spilimbergo}} |
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{{Geobox|Building |
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{{Infobox military installation |
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| name = Špilberk |
| name = Špilberk Castle |
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| native_name = hrad Špilberk |
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| category = Castle |
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| type = Castle, later citadel |
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| image = Špilberk (02).jpg|220px|Špilberk Castle |
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| image = Špilberk (02).jpg |
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| caption = Špilberk Castle |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
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| coordinates = {{coord|49|11|39.44|N|16|35|56.09|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| country = Czech Republic | country_flag = 1 |
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| region = [[South Moravia]] |
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| location = [[Brno]], [[South Moravia]] |
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| municipality = [[Brno]] |
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| long_d =16 | long_m =35 | long_s =56.09 | long_EW =E |
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| style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic-Romanesque]] |
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| map = Czechia - outline map.svg |
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| map_background = Czechia - background map.png |
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| website = [http://www.spilberk.cz/?lang=en Hrad Špilberk ] |
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| ⚫ | '''Špilberk Castle''' ({{langx|cs|hrad Špilberk}}; {{langx|de|Spielberg}}, [[Hantec slang|locally]] ''Špilas'') is a [[castle]] on the hilltop in [[Brno]], Southern [[Moravia]]. Its construction began as early as the first half of the 13th century by the Přemyslid kings and completed by King [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]].<ref>Ehrenberger, Tomáš (2003), ''The 88 Most Beautiful Castles'', pg. 89, Kartografie Praha a.s., {{ISBN|80-7011-745-1}}</ref> From a major royal castle established around the mid-13th century, and the seat of the Moravian [[margrave]]s in the mid-14th century, it was gradually turned into a huge baroque citadel considered the harshest prison in the [[Austrian Empire]], and then into [[barracks]]. This prison had always been part of the Špilberk fortress and is frequently referenced by the main character, Fabrizio, in [[Stendhal]]'s novel, ''[[The Charterhouse of Parma]]''. |
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| ⚫ | '''Špilberk Castle''' ([[ |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Špilberk castle, royal house.JPG |
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| ⚫ | In 1620, after losing The [[Battle of White Mountain]] on November 8, the leading Moravian members of the anti-Habsburg insurrection were imprisoned in Špilberk for several years. The town of Brno bought the castle in 1560 and made it into a municipal fortress. The bastion fortifications of Špilberk helped Brno to defend itself against [[Sweden|Swedish]] raids during the [[Thirty Years' War]], and then successful defence led to further fortification and the strengthening of the military function of the fortress. |
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[[File:Early gothic Arch (13th C) Jobst's royal residence.JPG|thumb|left|200px|[[Early Gothic architecture|Early gothic]] Arch (13th C) [[Jobst of Moravia|Jobst's]] royal residence]] |
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[[File:Špilberk castle, royal house.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Early gothic entrance to (The oldest royal) the first courtyard]] |
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[[File:Spilberk Castle from plane v2.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Aerial view of the castle]] |
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[[File:Hrad Špilberk & okolí 20210602 143405 A.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Water well at second courtyard]] |
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[[File:Brno Spilberk Castle-01.jpg|thumb|right|305px|The [[Mannerism|mannerist architecture]] gate in latest baroque part of the [[Fortification|fortifications]]]] |
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| ⚫ | In 1620, after losing The [[Battle of White Mountain]] on November 8, the leading Moravian members of the anti-Habsburg insurrection were imprisoned in Špilberk for several years. The town of Brno bought the castle in 1560 and made it into a municipal fortress. The bastion fortifications of Špilberk helped Brno to defend itself against [[Sweden|Swedish]] raids during the [[Thirty Years' War]], and then successful defence led to further fortification and the strengthening of the military function of the fortress. |
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At the same time Špilberk was used as a prison. Protestants were the first prisoners forced to serve time here, followed later by participants in the revolutions of 1848–49, although hardened criminals, thieves and petty criminals were also kept here. [[Franz Freiherr von der Trenck]], [[Austria]]n soldier and one of the most controversial persons of the period was also jailed and died here on October 4, 1749. Later, apart from several significant French revolutionaries captured during the coalition wars with France, [[Jean-Baptiste Drouet (French revolutionary)|Jean-Baptiste Drouet]], famous as the former postmaster of [[Sainte-Menehould]] who had arrested King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], was the most known of them all. A group of fifteen Hungarian Jacobins led by the writer [[Ferenc Kazinczy]] was also especially noteworthy. |
At the same time Špilberk was used as a prison. Protestants were the first prisoners forced to serve time here, followed later by participants in the revolutions of 1848–49, although hardened criminals, thieves and petty criminals were also kept here. [[Franz Freiherr von der Trenck]], [[Austria]]n soldier and one of the most controversial persons of the period was also jailed and died here on October 4, 1749. Later, apart from several significant French revolutionaries captured during the coalition wars with France, [[Jean-Baptiste Drouet (French revolutionary)|Jean-Baptiste Drouet]], famous as the former postmaster of [[Sainte-Menehould]] who had arrested King [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], was the most known of them all. A group of fifteen Hungarian Jacobins led by the writer [[Ferenc Kazinczy]] was also especially noteworthy. |
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[[File:Park Špilberk III.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Memorial to Italian [[Carbonari]]]] |
[[File:Park Špilberk III.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Memorial to Italian [[Carbonari]]]] |
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The last large "national" group of political prisoners at Špilberk consisted of nearly 200 Polish revolutionaries, mostly participants in the [[Kraków Uprising]] of 1846. After that, the Austrian Emperor [[Franz Joseph of Austria|Franz Joseph]] dissolved the Špilberk prison in 1855, and after departure of the last prisoners three years later, its premises were converted into barracks which remained as such for the next hundred years. |
The last large "national" group of political prisoners at Špilberk consisted of nearly 200 Polish revolutionaries, mostly participants in the [[Kraków Uprising]] of 1846. After that, the Austrian Emperor [[Franz Joseph of Austria|Franz Joseph]] dissolved the Špilberk prison in 1855, and after departure of the last prisoners three years later, its premises were converted into barracks which remained as such for the next hundred years. |
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Špilberk entered public consciousness as a centre of tribulation and oppression on two more occasions; firstly, during the [[First World War]] when, together with military prisoners, civilian objectors to the Austro-Hungarian regime were imprisoned here, and secondly in the first year of the [[Nazi]] occupation of [[Czechoslovakia]]. Several thousand Czech patriots suffered in Špilberk at that time, some of whom were put to death. For the majority of them however, Špilberk was only a station on their way to other German prisons and [[Nazi concentration camps]]. In 1939–41, the German army and [[Gestapo]] carried out an extensive reconstruction at Špilberk in order to turn it into model barracks in the spirit of the |
Špilberk entered public consciousness as a centre of tribulation and oppression on two more occasions; firstly, during the [[First World War]] when, together with military prisoners, civilian objectors to the Austro-Hungarian regime were imprisoned here, and secondly in the first year of the [[Nazi]] occupation of [[Czechoslovakia]]. Several thousand Czech patriots suffered in Špilberk at that time, some of whom were put to death. For the majority of them however, Špilberk was only a station on their way to other German prisons and [[Nazi concentration camps]]. In 1939–41, the German army and [[Gestapo]] carried out an extensive reconstruction at Špilberk in order to turn it into model barracks in the spirit of the romantic historicism of the German [[Third Reich]] ideology. {{citation needed|date=October 2020}} |
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The Czechoslovak army left Špilberk in 1959, putting to a definite end its military era. The following year, Špilberk became the seat of the [[Brno]] City Museum. |
The Czechoslovak army left Špilberk in 1959, putting to a definite end its military era. The following year, Špilberk became the seat of the [[Brno]] City Museum.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [http://www.virtualczech.cz/kraj-jihomoravsky/262-brno Virtual show] |
* [http://www.virtualczech.cz/kraj-jihomoravsky/262-brno Virtual show] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Spilberk Castle}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Spilberk Castle}} |
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[[Category:Castles in the |
[[Category:Castles in the South Moravian Region]] |
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Brno]] |
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Brno]] |
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[[Category:Museums in Brno]] |
[[Category:Museums in Brno]] |
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[[Category:History museums in the Czech Republic]] |
[[Category:History museums in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category:National |
[[Category:National cultural monuments of the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category:Margraviate of Moravia]] |
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[[Category:13th century in Bohemia]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:46, 28 October 2024
| Špilberk Castle | |
|---|---|
hrad Špilberk | |
| Brno, South Moravia | |
.jpg) Špilberk Castle | |
  Špilberk Castle Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates | 49°11′39.44″N 16°35′56.09″E / 49.1942889°N 16.5989139°E |
| Type | Castle, later citadel |
| Site history | |
| Built | 13th century |
Špilberk Castle (Czech: hrad Špilberk; German: Spielberg, locally Špilas) is a castle on the hilltop in Brno, Southern Moravia. Its construction began as early as the first half of the 13th century by the Přemyslid kings and completed by King Ottokar II of Bohemia.[1] From a major royal castle established around the mid-13th century, and the seat of the Moravian margraves in the mid-14th century, it was gradually turned into a huge baroque citadel considered the harshest prison in the Austrian Empire, and then into barracks. This prison had always been part of the Špilberk fortress and is frequently referenced by the main character, Fabrizio, in Stendhal's novel, The Charterhouse of Parma.
History
[edit]Špilberk castle, royal house.JPG
_Jobst%27s_royal_residence.JPG)
In 1620, after losing The Battle of White Mountain on November 8, the leading Moravian members of the anti-Habsburg insurrection were imprisoned in Špilberk for several years. The town of Brno bought the castle in 1560 and made it into a municipal fortress. The bastion fortifications of Špilberk helped Brno to defend itself against Swedish raids during the Thirty Years' War, and then successful defence led to further fortification and the strengthening of the military function of the fortress.
At the same time Špilberk was used as a prison. Protestants were the first prisoners forced to serve time here, followed later by participants in the revolutions of 1848–49, although hardened criminals, thieves and petty criminals were also kept here. Franz Freiherr von der Trenck, Austrian soldier and one of the most controversial persons of the period was also jailed and died here on October 4, 1749. Later, apart from several significant French revolutionaries captured during the coalition wars with France, Jean-Baptiste Drouet, famous as the former postmaster of Sainte-Menehould who had arrested King Louis XVI, was the most known of them all. A group of fifteen Hungarian Jacobins led by the writer Ferenc Kazinczy was also especially noteworthy.
More than a quarter of a century later, from 1822 on, specially constructed cells for "state prisoners" in the northern wing of the former fortress were filled with Italian patriots known as Carbonari, who had fought for the unification, freedom and independence of their country. The poet Silvio Pellico, who served a full eight years here, made the Špilberk prison famous all over Europe with his book Le mie prigioni – My prisons.
The last large "national" group of political prisoners at Špilberk consisted of nearly 200 Polish revolutionaries, mostly participants in the Kraków Uprising of 1846. After that, the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph dissolved the Špilberk prison in 1855, and after departure of the last prisoners three years later, its premises were converted into barracks which remained as such for the next hundred years.
Špilberk entered public consciousness as a centre of tribulation and oppression on two more occasions; firstly, during the First World War when, together with military prisoners, civilian objectors to the Austro-Hungarian regime were imprisoned here, and secondly in the first year of the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. Several thousand Czech patriots suffered in Špilberk at that time, some of whom were put to death. For the majority of them however, Špilberk was only a station on their way to other German prisons and Nazi concentration camps. In 1939–41, the German army and Gestapo carried out an extensive reconstruction at Špilberk in order to turn it into model barracks in the spirit of the romantic historicism of the German Third Reich ideology. [citation needed]
The Czechoslovak army left Špilberk in 1959, putting to a definite end its military era. The following year, Špilberk became the seat of the Brno City Museum.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ehrenberger, Tomáš (2003), The 88 Most Beautiful Castles, pg. 89, Kartografie Praha a.s., ISBN 80-7011-745-1
External links
[edit]
Media related to Špilberk at Wikimedia Commons- Official website
- Virtual show
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