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==Biography==
==Biography==
He received his B.Sc. degree from the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in 1966. Later he studied at the Weizmann Institute of Science and completed his doctorate in 1972. Before 1980 he worked primarily on high-energy astrophysics and became well-known for his kinematical model of the star system [[SS 433]].<ref name=Sanders>{{cite journal|author=Sanders, R. H.|title=A historical perspective on modified Newtonian dynamics|journal=Canadian Journal of Physics|volume=93|issue=2|year=2014|pages=126–138|doi=10.1139/cjp-2014-0206|arxiv=1404.0531|bibcode=2015CaJPh..93..126S|s2cid=119240769 }} page 5 of [https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.0531 arXiv.org preprint]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=Thomson scattered lines in the spectrum of SS 433 - A powerful tool for studying the system|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=78|issue=3|date=October 1979|pages=L17–L20|bibcode=1979A&A....78L..17M}}</ref> In the academic years 1980–1981 and 1985–1986 he was at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]].<ref>[http://www.ias.edu/people/cos/users/mmilgrom01 Mordehai, Milgrom, Community of Scholars Profile, IAS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307013602/https://www.ias.edu/people/cos/users/mmilgrom01 |date=2016-03-07 }}</ref> In 1983, he proposed [[modified Newtonian dynamics]] (MOND) as an alternative to the [[dark matter]] and [[galaxy rotation curve]] problems,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis.|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=270|date=July 1983|pages=365-370|bibcode=1983ApJ...270..365M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=A modification of the Newtonian dynamics - Implications for galaxies.|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=270|date=July 1983|pages=371-383|bibcode=1983ApJ...270..371M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=A modification of the newtonian dynamics : implications for galaxy systems.|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=270|date=July 1983|pages=384-389|bibcode=1983ApJ...270..384M}}</ref> although preliminary work and discussions on this subject started as early as 1981.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sanders, RH|title=A modification of the newtonian dynamics : implications for galaxy systems.|journal=Canadian Journal of Physics|volume=93|issue=3|date=February 2015|pages=126-138|bibcode=2015CaJPh..93..126S}}</ref>
He received his B.Sc. degree from the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in 1966. Later he studied at the Weizmann Institute of Science and completed his doctorate in 1972. Before 1980 he worked primarily on high-energy astrophysics and became well-known for his kinematical model of the star system [[SS 433]].<ref name=Sanders>{{cite journal|author=Sanders, R. H.|title=A historical perspective on modified Newtonian dynamics|journal=Canadian Journal of Physics|volume=93|issue=2|year=2014|pages=126–138|doi=10.1139/cjp-2014-0206|arxiv=1404.0531|bibcode=2015CaJPh..93..126S|s2cid=119240769 }} page 5 of [https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.0531 arXiv.org preprint]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=Thomson scattered lines in the spectrum of SS 433 - A powerful tool for studying the system|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=78|issue=3|date=October 1979|pages=L17–L20|bibcode=1979A&A....78L..17M}}</ref> In the academic years 1980–1981 and 1985–1986 he was at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]].<ref>[http://www.ias.edu/people/cos/users/mmilgrom01 Mordehai, Milgrom, Community of Scholars Profile, IAS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307013602/https://www.ias.edu/people/cos/users/mmilgrom01 |date=2016-03-07 }}</ref> In 1983, he proposed [[modified Newtonian dynamics]] (MOND) as an alternative to the [[dark matter]] and [[galaxy rotation curve]] problems,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis.|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=270|date=July 1983|pages=365–370|doi=10.1086/161130 |bibcode=1983ApJ...270..365M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=A modification of the Newtonian dynamics - Implications for galaxies.|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=270|date=July 1983|pages=371–383|doi=10.1086/161131 |bibcode=1983ApJ...270..371M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Milgrom, Mordehai|title=A modification of the newtonian dynamics : implications for galaxy systems.|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=270|date=July 1983|pages=384–389|doi=10.1086/161132 |bibcode=1983ApJ...270..384M}}</ref> although preliminary work and discussions on this subject started as early as 1981.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sanders, RH|title=A modification of the newtonian dynamics : implications for galaxy systems.|journal=Canadian Journal of Physics|volume=93|issue=3|date=February 2015|pages=126–138|doi=10.1139/cjp-2014-0206 |arxiv=1404.0531 |bibcode=2015CaJPh..93..126S}}</ref>


==Milgrom and modified Newtonian dynamics==
==Milgrom and modified Newtonian dynamics==
⚫
Milgrom is a prominent proponent of the hypothesis that [[Newton's law of universal gravitation]] should be modified for very small accelerations, typically of the order of 10<sup>−11</sup>[[Standard gravity|g]] and less.

⚫
Milgrom suggests that [[Newton's law of universal gravitation]] should be modified for very small accelerations, typically of the order of 10<sup>−11</sup>[[Standard gravity|g]] and less.

===Recent findings===
In 2022, a study about an astronomical observation of the [[tidal tail]]s in five [[star cluster]]s was published that might provide evidence of MOND.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Metcalfe |first1=Tom |title=Lopsided star cluster may disprove Newton and Einstein, controversial new study claims |url=https://www.livescience.com/star-cluster-mond-disprove-newton |website=livescience.com |access-date=23 November 2022 |language=en |date=21 November 2022}}</ref> Specifically, there is an uneven distribution of stars that shows no indication that any dark matter was involved in causing it.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kroupa |first1=Pavel |last2=Jerabkova |first2=Tereza |last3=Thies |first3=Ingo |last4=Pflamm-Altenburg |first4=Jan |last5=Famaey |first5=Benoit |last6=Boffin |first6=Henri M J |last7=Dabringhausen |first7=Jörg |last8=Beccari |first8=Giacomo |last9=Prusti |first9=Timo |last10=Boily |first10=Christian |last11=Haghi |first11=Hosein |last12=Wu |first12=Xufen |last13=Haas |first13=Jaroslav |last14=Zonoozi |first14=Akram Hasani |last15=Thomas |first15=Guillaume |last16=Šubr |first16=Ladislav |last17=Aarseth |first17=Sverre J |title=Asymmetrical tidal tails of open star clusters: stars crossing their cluster's práh† challenge Newtonian gravitation |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=26 October 2022 |volume=517 |issue=3 |pages=3613–3639 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac2563 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/517/3/3613/6773470 |access-date=23 November 2022|arxiv=2210.13472 }}</ref> Kyu-Hyun Chae's 2023-2024 study of widely-separated binary star pairs presents itself as robustly confirming the need to modify standard gravitational theory at low-valued accelerations. <ref> {{cite |last=Chae |first=Kyu-Hyun |title=Robust Evidence for the Breakdown of Standard Gravity at Low Acceleration from Statistically Pure Binaries Free of Hidden Companions |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=10 January 2024 |volume=960 |issue=2 |pages=114-139 }}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{Citation |last=Milgrom |first=Mordehai |date=Aug 2002 |title=Does Dark Matter Really Exist? |newspaper=[[Scientific American]] |pages=42–50, 52 | url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040919035917/https://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/mond/sad0802Milg6p.pdf}}
* {{Citation |last=Milgrom |first=Mordehai |date=Aug 2002 |title=Does Dark Matter Really Exist? |newspaper=[[Scientific American]] |pages=42–50, 52 | url = https://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/mond/sad0802Milg6p.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040919035917/https://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/mond/sad0802Milg6p.pdf |archive-date=2004-09-19 }}
* {{Citation |last=Schilling |first=Govert |date=April 2007 |title=Battlefield Galactica: Dark Matter vs. MOND |newspaper=[[Sky & Telescope]] |pages=30–36 |url = http://burro.case.edu/Academics/USNA229/battlefieldMOND.pdf }}
* {{Citation |last=Schilling |first=Govert |date=April 2007 |title=Battlefield Galactica: Dark Matter vs. MOND |newspaper=[[Sky & Telescope]] |pages=30–36 |url = http://burro.case.edu/Academics/USNA229/battlefieldMOND.pdf }}
* {{cite journal | url= http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201404-447| title=The relativistic astrodynamics of spiral tracks, localized equivalence principle and the dark matter problem of our Milky Way galaxy | author=Zhiping Li, Ran Li. | journal=Sciencepaper Online | date=30 April 2014}}
* {{cite journal | url= http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201404-447| title=The relativistic astrodynamics of spiral tracks, localized equivalence principle and the dark matter problem of our Milky Way galaxy | author=Zhiping Li, Ran Li. | journal=Sciencepaper Online | date=30 April 2014}}
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[[Category:Jewish physicists]]
[[Category:Jewish physicists]]
[[Category:Cosmic ray physicists]]
[[Category:Cosmic ray physicists]]



{{physicist-stub}}
{{physicist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 18:17, 29 October 2024

Mordehai Milgrom
Born1946
Iași, Romania
NationalityIsraeli
Alma materHebrew University
Weizmann Institute
Known forModified Newtonian dynamics
Scientific career
FieldsAstrophysics
InstitutionsWeizmann Institute

Mordehai "Moti" Milgrom is an Israeli physicist and professor in the department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel.

Biography

[edit]

He received his B.Sc. degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1966. Later he studied at the Weizmann Institute of Science and completed his doctorate in 1972. Before 1980 he worked primarily on high-energy astrophysics and became well-known for his kinematical model of the star system SS 433.[1][2] In the academic years 1980–1981 and 1985–1986 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.[3] In 1983, he proposed modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) as an alternative to the dark matter and galaxy rotation curve problems,[4][5][6] although preliminary work and discussions on this subject started as early as 1981.[7]

Milgrom and modified Newtonian dynamics

[edit]

Milgrom is a prominent proponent of the hypothesis that Newton's law of universal gravitation should be modified for very small accelerations, typically of the order of 10−11g and less.

Personal life

[edit]

Milgrom is married and has three daughters.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sanders, R. H. (2014). "A historical perspective on modified Newtonian dynamics". Canadian Journal of Physics. 93 (2): 126–138. arXiv:1404.0531. Bibcode:2015CaJPh..93..126S. doi:10.1139/cjp-2014-0206. S2CID 119240769. page 5 of arXiv.org preprint
  2. ^ Milgrom, Mordehai (October 1979). "Thomson scattered lines in the spectrum of SS 433 - A powerful tool for studying the system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 78 (3): L17–L20. Bibcode:1979A&A....78L..17M.
  3. ^ Mordehai, Milgrom, Community of Scholars Profile, IAS Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Milgrom, Mordehai (July 1983). "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis". Astrophysical Journal. 270: 365–370. Bibcode:1983ApJ...270..365M. doi:10.1086/161130.
  5. ^ Milgrom, Mordehai (July 1983). "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics - Implications for galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 270: 371–383. Bibcode:1983ApJ...270..371M. doi:10.1086/161131.
  6. ^ Milgrom, Mordehai (July 1983). "A modification of the newtonian dynamics : implications for galaxy systems". Astrophysical Journal. 270: 384–389. Bibcode:1983ApJ...270..384M. doi:10.1086/161132.
  7. ^ Sanders, RH (February 2015). "A modification of the newtonian dynamics : implications for galaxy systems". Canadian Journal of Physics. 93 (3): 126–138. arXiv:1404.0531. Bibcode:2015CaJPh..93..126S. doi:10.1139/cjp-2014-0206.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
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