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{{Short description|1920s Soviet collective of filmmakers}} |
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The '''Kinoks''' ("kino-oki," meaning cinema-eyes) were a collective of Soviet filmmakers in 1920s Russia, based most notably around film editor [[Dziga Vertov]]. In 1919 Vertov and his future wife, the talented film editor [[Elisaveta Svilova]], plus several other young filmmakers created a group called Kinoks ("kino-oki," meaning cinema-eyes). In 1922 they were joined by [[Mikhail Kaufman]], who had just returned from the civil war. From 1922 to 1923 Vertov, Kaufman, and Svilova published a number of manifestos in avant-garde journals which clarified the Kinoks' positions vis-à-vis other leftist groups. The Kinoks rejected "staged" cinema with its stars, plots, props and studio shooting. They insisted that the cinema of the future be the cinema of fact: newsreels recording the real world, "life caught unawares." Vertov proclaimed the primacy of camera ("Kino-Eye") over the human eye. The camera lens was a machine that could be perfected infinitely to grasp the world in its entirety and organize visual chaos into a coherent, objective picture. At the same time Vertov emphasized that his Kino-Eye principle was a method of "communist" deciphering of the world. For Vertov there was no contradiction here; as a true believer he considered [[Marxism]] the only objective and scientific tool of analysis and even called a series of the 23 newreels he directed between 1922 and 1925 [[Kino-Pravda]], "pravda" being not only the Russian word for the truth but also the title of the official party newspaper.<ref>http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:254Iuo-m0HwJ:cours.cegep-st-jerome.qc.ca/511-411-p.l/vertov.htm+kinoks&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=us&client=firefox-a |Dziga Vertov (1896-1954)</ref> |
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The '''Kinoks''' ({{langx|ru|'''Киноки'''|kino-oki|cinema-eyes}}) were a collective of Soviet filmmakers in the 1920s, consisting of [[Dziga Vertov]], [[Elisaveta Svilova|Elizaveta Svilova]] and [[Mikhail Kaufman]]. |
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According to Annette Michelson, Georges Sadoul states the collective was founded in 1922 <ref>{{cite book |last1=Michelson |first1=Annette |title=Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov |date=1984 |isbn=0-520-05630-2 |page=xxiv|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> by Svilova, Vertov and Kaufman, and the painter Belyaev was a fourth member.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michelson |first1=Annette |title=Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov |date=1984 |isbn=0-520-05630-2 |page=12|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> However, in 1923 Svilova wrote an open letter to the journal LEF applying for admission to the Council of Three.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Svilova |first1=Elizaveta |title=V sovet troikh. Zaiavlenie |journal=LEF |date=1923 |issue=4 |pages=220–221 |url=http://www.ruthenia.ru/sovlit/j/2942.html}}</ref> Scholars have interpreted this as a publicity stunt "to provide exposure of their work and to raise awareness of their commitment to documentary cinema" <ref>{{cite book |last1=Penfold |first1=Christopher |title=Elizaveta Svilova and Soviet Documentary Film |date=2013 |publisher=PhD dissertation, University of Southampton |location=Southampton |page=16 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367302/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Molcard |first1=Eva |title=Elizaveta Svilova |url=https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/elizaveta-svilova/ |website=Women Film Pioneers Project |publisher=Columbia University Libraries |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref> rather than an actual application, since Svilova had already been working with Vertov and Kaufman for several years. From 1922 to 1923 Vertov, Kaufman, and Svilova published a number of manifestos in avant-garde journals which clarified the Kinoks' positions vis-à-vis other leftist groups. |
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The Kinoks argued strongly for documentary cinema and the use of [[hidden camera|candid cameras]] and filming workers instead of using actors.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michelson |first1=Annette |title=Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov |date=1984 |isbn=0-520-05630-2 |page=xxiv|publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> They published a series of manifestos and statements in LEF, an avant-garde cinema journal. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Movements in cinema]] |
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[[Category:Film collectives]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:56, 7 November 2024
The Kinoks (Russian: Киноки, romanized: kino-oki, lit. 'cinema-eyes') were a collective of Soviet filmmakers in the 1920s, consisting of Dziga Vertov, Elizaveta Svilova and Mikhail Kaufman.
According to Annette Michelson, Georges Sadoul states the collective was founded in 1922 [1] by Svilova, Vertov and Kaufman, and the painter Belyaev was a fourth member.[2] However, in 1923 Svilova wrote an open letter to the journal LEF applying for admission to the Council of Three.[3] Scholars have interpreted this as a publicity stunt "to provide exposure of their work and to raise awareness of their commitment to documentary cinema" [4][5] rather than an actual application, since Svilova had already been working with Vertov and Kaufman for several years. From 1922 to 1923 Vertov, Kaufman, and Svilova published a number of manifestos in avant-garde journals which clarified the Kinoks' positions vis-à-vis other leftist groups.
The Kinoks argued strongly for documentary cinema and the use of candid cameras and filming workers instead of using actors.[6] They published a series of manifestos and statements in LEF, an avant-garde cinema journal.
The most acclaimed work is Man with a Movie Camera (1929).[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ Michelson, Annette (1984). Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov. University of California Press. p. xxiv. ISBN 0-520-05630-2.
- ^ Michelson, Annette (1984). Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov. University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-520-05630-2.
- ^ Svilova, Elizaveta (1923). "V sovet troikh. Zaiavlenie". LEF (4): 220–221.
- ^ Penfold, Christopher (2013). Elizaveta Svilova and Soviet Documentary Film. Southampton: PhD dissertation, University of Southampton. p. 16.
- ^ Molcard, Eva. "Elizaveta Svilova". Women Film Pioneers Project. Columbia University Libraries. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ Michelson, Annette (1984). Kino-eye : the writings of Dziga Vertov. University of California Press. p. xxiv. ISBN 0-520-05630-2.
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