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Colloquially, Filipinos may refer to themselves as ''Pinoy'' (feminine: ''Pinay''), which is formed by taking the last four letters of ''Pilipino'' and adding the [[diminutive]] [[Affix|suffix]] ''-y''. The word was coined by expatriate [[Filipino American]]s during the 1920s and was later adopted by Filipinos in the Philippines.
Colloquially, Filipinos may refer to themselves as ''Pinoy'' (feminine: ''Pinay''), which is formed by taking the last four letters of ''Pilipino'' and adding the [[diminutive]] [[Affix|suffix]] ''-y''. The word was coined by expatriate [[Filipino American]]s during the 1920s and was later adopted by Filipinos in the Philippines.


In various [[languages of the
In various [[languages of the Philippines|Philippine languages]], ''Filipino'' is translated to Pilipino. The use of /p/ is used since many lack /f/ as a [[phoneme]].

==History==
{{main|History of the Philippines}}
American anthropologist [[H. Otley Beyer]] was the first to propose that [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]] who came from [[Malaysia]] populated the Philippines in a handful of waves of migration. However, most contemporary anthropologists, linguists (Blust, Reid, Ross, Pawley), and archaeologists (Bellwood) propose the opposite to be true. The vast majority of Filipinos are said to be descended from [[Austronesian people|Austronesian-speaking migrants]] who arrived in what is now the Philippines from Southern China and Taiwan during the [[Iron Age]].

Filipinos are sometimes said to be part of a "[[Malay race]]"; however, modern [[anthropology|anthropologist]]s contend that the classification has little taxonomic validity. The Malay race was a term coined in 1795 by [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]] to refer to the brown-skinned inhabitants of the [[Indies|Indian]] (Malay) archipelago, Oceania, Melanesia, and Australia. It was one of five other categories which Blumenbach created for classifying humans, including what he called the black race and the yellow race. Since then, anthropologists have debunked this concept, citing the complexities of human [[race]]s being unable to fit into a handful of oversimplified categories. Genetically, there are no distinct units of human population and all human beings are genetically related. <ref name="Asian Genes">{{cite web |url=http://kennethomura.tripod.com/asian_genes/ Asian Genes link |coauthors=Asian Genes |title=Asian Genes |accessdate=2006-08-28}}</ref>

The term Malay is also considered misleading because it gives the impression that the route for the populating of the Philippines was via Malaysia. Current theory holds instead that the Malays who inhabit the rest of the [[Malay Archipelago]] and mainland [[Malaysia]] are the descendants of Austronesian-speaking immigrants who first went to the Philippines. Then those Austronesian-speaking immigrants ventured further south to what are now [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], and [[East Timor]], as well as to the other [[Pacific Islands]].

The earliest aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippines are known as the [[Negrito]] groups. Their ancestors arrived thousands of years prior to the Austronesian-speaking migrants. Their descendants, the [[Aeta]]s, constitute a very small minority of the population.

Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521, the Philippines was not united as a single nation. Instead, the inhabitants were essentially divided into [[Ethnolinguistics|ethnolinguistic]] [[Datu|tribal states]], or [[barangay]]s, with some acquiring [[civilization|cultural sophistication]], including [[caste system]]s ([[Principalía|Maharlika]]).

By the mid-to-late sixteenth century, the archipelago was included in the [[Spanish East Indies]]. The Spaniards called the islands ''Filipinas'' (Philippines) in honor of King [[Philip II of Spain]]. During the 333 years of [[Spain|Spanish]] rule, through [[New Spain]] ([[Mexico]]), the term ''Filipino'' referred to the Spaniards who were born in the archipelago.

Indigenous Filipinos were usually referred to as "indios". This was a result of Spaniards misnaming [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] when they first reached that continent and believed they had arrived in [[India]]. By the time the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, thye used the term "indio" as synonymous with "indigenous".

Following the revolution, the [[Spanish-American War]] in 1898, and the [[Philippine-American War]], the native ''indios'' were left searching for a national identity. The native revolutionaries then called themselves Filipinos, taking ownership of the term earlier used by the Philippine-born Spaniards. General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] was among the first to apply "Filipino" as the national designation for the indigenous inhabitants of the Philippines, as well as all other persons born in the country. This act was intended to help unite the population and establish [[nationalism]] in the 1900s against the U.S. presence and occupation of the islands. The term ''indio'', however, was still being used well into the mid-part of the twentieth century, as evidenced by [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[baptism|baptismal records]].

==Ancestry==
Some genetic studies, based upon very small [[sample (statistics)|sample]]s of the population, have begun to provide clues to their origins of Filipino peoples. Much remains to be learned by larger studies of valid [[statistical significance]] about the ancestry of the various Austronesian Philippine ethnic groups.

A [[Stanford University]] study conducted during 2001 revealed that Y-chromosome [[haplogroup O3 (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup O3]]-M122 (labeled as "Haplogroup L" in this study) predominates among Filipino males. This particular haplogroup is also predominant among [[Chinese people|Chinese]] and [[Koreans|Korean]] males. That finding is consistent with the theory that people migrated from China south into the Philippines.

Another haplogroup, [[haplogroup O1 (Y-DNA)|Haplogroup O1a]]-M119 (labeled as "Haplogroup H" in this study), is also found among Filipinos. The rates of Haplogroup O1a are highest among the [[Taiwanese Aborigines]]. Overall, the genetic frequencies found among Filipinos points to the [[Ami people|Ami]] tribe of Taiwan as their nearest genetic relative.<ref>{{cite journal
| coauthors = Cristian Capelli, James F. Wilson, Martin Richards, Michael P. H. Stumpf,
Fiona Gratrix, Stephen Oppenheimer, Peter Underhill, Vincenzo L. Pascali,
Tsang-Ming Ko, and David B. Goldstein1
| year = 2001
| title = A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania
| journal = American journal of Human Genetics
| volume = 68
| pages = 432-443
| url = http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf
| format = pdf
| accessdate = 2007-06-24
}}</ref>

A 2002 [[China Medical University (ROC)|China Medical University]] study indicated that certain Filipinos shared a particular gene marker that is also found among Taiwanese aborigines and Indonesians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11916003&query_hl=15&itool=pubmed_DocSum |title=Molecular analysis of mutations and polymorphisms of the Lewis secretor type alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene reveals that Taiwan aborigines are of Austronesian derivation |author=Chang JG, Ko YC, Lee JC, Chang SJ, Liu TC, Shih MC, Peng CT |publisher=Journal of Human Genetics, abstract from PubMed (www.pubmed.gov)}}</ref>

A 2003 [[University of the Philippines]] study based on 50 participants each from the islands of Luzon and Cebu provided some insight into the various places of origin of early Filipinos. Some rare genetic markers were found which are shared by people from parts of Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12541330&query_hl=15&itool=pubmed_DocSum |title=Genetic diversity of JC virus in the modern Filipino population: implications for the peopling of the Philippines |accessdate=2007-03-26 |author=Miranda JJ, Sugimoto C, Paraguison R, Takasaka T, Zheng HY, Yogo Y |publisher=Journal of Human Genetics, abstract from PubMed (www.pubmed.gov)}}</ref>

==Cultural spectrum==
{{main|Culture of the Philippines|Religion in the Philippines}}
Filipino culture is primarily based on the cultures of various native tribes, plus influences from Spain and Mexico, as well as China and India. The customs and traditions of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] faith are Spain's lasting legacy. As Christianity is syncretic, Filipinos incorporated tribal traditions through time and created their own form of religious practice.

Unlike its [[Islam|Muslim]] majority neighbors, [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]], the Philippines is an overwhelmingly [[Christian]] country. As a result of Spanish colonization and evangelization spanning three centuries, most contemporary Filipinos, regardless of native ethnic group, are Christians. More than 83% are Roman Catholic, and others follow various smaller [[Christian denomination]]s.

A significant minority of Filipinos (the majority in [[Mindanao]] and most of the [[Sulu Archipelago]]) are [[Muslim]]. [[Filipino Muslim]]s constitute 5% of the population.<ref name=2006census>[http://www.census.gov.ph/data%5Cpressrelease%5C2003%5Cpr0323tx.html PHILIPPINES: ADDITIONAL THREE PERSONS PER MINUTE] [http://www.census.gov.ph National Statistics Office] Accessed November 27, 2006</ref> While the rest of the population confess to [[Buddhism]] mostly (2.5%), [[Hinduism]] and others, accounting for 3% of the population.{{cn|date=October 2007}}

==Languages==
{{main|Languages of the Philippines}}
According to [[Ethnologue]], there are more than 170 languages spoken in the country. Although Filipino and English are used as the national [[lingua franca]], many other major regional languages serve as working languages where English or Filipino is not as entrenched. [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], for example, is widely spoken as a second language in Northern Luzon. The [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] is considered the lingua franca of Visayas and Mindanao. The [[Filipino Natinal language]] is heavily based on [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], with only minor contributions from other dialects in the country.

The Filipino National language is ever expanding, assimilating terminologies from various sources both national and foreign. For instance, terms used only by, say, the Bisaya (from southern Bicol, the Visayas island group, and north Mindanao) which were not generally used 20 years ago have become part of the everyday Filipino lexicon.

Other major languages include [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], [[Waray-Waray language|Waray]], [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]], [[Bikol language|Bikol]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Tausug language|Tausug]], [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]], [[Maranao language|Maranao]], [[Chabacano language|Chabacano]], [[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]] and many others. There is also a unique "language" called "gay lingo" which, as the name suggests, was coined by Filipino male homosexuals. While not actually considered a language or dialect, this lingo has gained popularity because of the role of gay men in creating comedy. Expressions like "chuva", "chuvaness", "eklavoo", "cheness" (none of which have a specific translation, the closest meaning being "whatever") have been picked up and adopted in use by the general population.

==Diaspora==
{{main|Overseas Filipino}}
Filipinos form the largest ethnic group in the [[Northern Marianas Islands]], the second largest in both [[Palau]] and [[Guam]], and the second largest [[Asian American]] group in the [[United States]]. They also form significant minorities in Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Israel, Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, Spain, France and Germany.

===Filipinos in the Americas===

The arrival of Filipinos in the Americas began during the Spanish colonial era. At that time, many Filipino men were hired as sailors to man ships bound for the "New World". Upon arrival, many sailors mutinied, others settled there after marrying locals.

However, Filipino migration only began in the mid-1800s, beginning with the United States. In 1903, "pensionados" arrived there as students in colleges and universities. Starting in 1906, Filipinos were hired as laborers for plantations, farms, salmon canneries, and the like. In the post-World War II era, Filipino nurses and other health care workers began immigrating. Filipinas comprise a large portion of women who come to the U.S. via [[international marriage agencies]]<ref>[http://www.uscis.gov/files/article/MobRept_AppendixA.pdf The "Mail-Order Bride" Industry and its Impact on U.S. Immigration], Robert J. Scholes.</ref>.

There is also a significant population of Filipinos in Canada.

===Filipinos in Oceania===

Filipinos have been settled in the islands of [[Oceania]], particularly in [[Micronesia]]. Also, the vast majority of Filipino exiled patriots were sent to Oceania. As a result, they now form the largest ethnic group in the [[Northern Marianas Islands]], as well as the second largest in both [[Palau]] and [[Guam]].

Subsequent immigrations of Filipinos also ensued. To this day, about five in ten Northern Marianas islanders have a direct Filipino ancestor.

==See also==
{{columns |width=180px
|col1 =
*[[Filipino mestizo]]
*[[Chinese Filipino]]
*[[Filipinos of Japanese descent]]
*[[Filipinos of Spanish descent]]

*[[Bangsamoro]]
*[[Ibanag people]]
|col2 =
*[[Overseas Filipino]]
**[[Filipino American]]
**[[Filipino Australian]]
**[[Filipino British]]
**[[Filipino Canadian]]
**[[Filipinos in Hong Kong]]
*[[Philippine nationality law]]
*[[Pinoy]]
*[[Role of women in the Philippines]]
}}

==References==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

==External links==
<div class="references-small">
* {{cite journal | author=Peter Bellwood | title=The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages | journal=Scientific American | year=July 1991 | volume=265 | pages=88-93}}
* {{cite book | author=Bellwood, Peter; Fox, James; & Tryon, Darrell | title=The Austronesians: Historical and comparative perspectives | publisher=Department of Anthropology, Australian National University | year=1995 | id=ISBN 0-7315-2132-3}}
*{{cite journal | author=Peter Bellwood | title=Taiwan and the Prehistory of the Austronesians-speaking Peoples | journal=Review of Archaeology | year=1998 | volume=18 | pages=39–48}}
*{{cite journal | author=Peter Bellwood & Alicia Sanchez-Mazas | title=Human Migrations in Continental East Asia and Taiwan: Genetic, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence | journal=Current Anthropology | year=June 2005 | volume=46:3 | pages=480-485}}
*{{cite journal | author=David Blundell | title=Austronesian Disperal | journal=Newsletter of Chinese Ethnology | year= | volume=35 | pages=1-26}}
* {{cite journal | author=Robert Blust | title=The Austronesian Homeland: A Linguistic Perspective | journal=Asian Perspectives | year=1985 | volume=20 | pages=46-67}}
* {{cite web | author=Peter Fuller | title=Asia Pacific Research | publisher=Canberra, Australia: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies | year=2002 | work=Reading the Full Picture | url=http://rspas.anu.edu.au/qb/articleFile.php?searchterm=3-4-3| accessdate=July 28 | accessyear=2005 }}
*{{cite web | title=Homepage of linguist Dr. Lawrence Reid | url=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~reid/ | accessdate=July 28 | accessyear=2005 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Malcolm Ross & [[Andrew Pawley]]| title=Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history | journal=Annual Review of Anthropology | year=1993 | volume=22 | pages= 425-459}}
*{{cite journal | author=John Edward Terrell| title=Introduction: 'Austronesia' and the great Austronesian migration | journal=World Archaeology | year= Dec. 2004 | volume=36:4 | pages=586-591}}
*{{note_label|ARE|ARE|a}}'''ARE''' - {{cite news
|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/business/2007/April/business_April715.xml&section=business
|title=Jan-Feb 2007 remittances by Filipinos in Dubai grow 96pc
|author=Jose N. Franco Jr
|date=[[28 April]] [[2007]]
|publisher=Khaleej Tomes
|accessdate=2007-05-09}}.
*{{note_label|AUS|AUS|a}}'''AUS''' - {{cite web
|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/00FB61D4FA7DA54BCA2572360001105C?opendocument
|title=Year Book Australia, 2007 Contents >> Population >> Country of birth
|date=2007
|publisher=Australia Bureau of Statistics
|accessdate=2007-08-08}}.
*{{note_label|CAN|CAN|a}}'''CAN''' - {{cite web
|url=http://www.asiapacific.ca/data/people/demographics_dataset1_byprov.cfm
|title=Population by Ethnic Origin
|publisher=Asia pacific foundation of Canada
|accessdate=2007-05-08}}.
*{{note_label|GWM|GWM|a}}'''GWM''' - {{cite web
|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html#People
|title=Country Profile: Guam - People
|publisher=[[CIA Factbook]]
|accessdate=2007-05-12}}.
*{{note_label|HKG|HKG|a}}'''HKG''' - {{cite web
| url = http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2005/en/fact_01.htm
| title = Hong Kong Yearbook 2005 - population
| accessdate = 2007-04-12
| year = 2005
| publisher = Central Statistics Office
}}
*{{note_label|IRL|IRL|a}}'''IRL''' - {{cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/statistics/persclassbynationality2002.htm|coauthors=Central Statistics Office Ireland|title=Principal Stastics of Ireland by nationality|accessdate=2007-04-12}}
*{{note_label|ITA|ITA|a}}'''ITA''' - {{cite web
|url=http://www.jobsdb.com/PH/EN/V6HTML/Home/inside-pages/may05/work_abroad/work_abroad.htm
|title=An overview of the OFW labor market in italy
|publisher=JobsDB.com
|accessdate=2007-05-09}}.
*{{note_label|JPN|JPN|a}}'''JPN''' - {{cite news
|url=http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=article&view=132
|title=Undocumented Filipinos cross the great divide in Japan
|publisher=Philippines Today
|accessdate=2007-05-09}}.
*{{note_label|LBN|LBN|a}}'''LBN''' - {{cite news
|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/topstories/topstories/view_article.php?article_id=13250
|title='Standby fund’ for OFWS in Lebanon gets House committee nod
|author=Maila Ager
|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer
|date=[[August 3]] [[2006]]
|accessdate=2007-05-09}}.
*{{note_label|NZL|NZL|a}}'''NZL''' - {{cite news
|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para015Master
|title=QuickStats About Culture and Identity
|publisher=Statistics New Zealand Tatauranga Aoteroa
|date=[[August 3]] [[2006]]
|accessdate=2007-05-12}}.
*{{note_label|ROK|ROK|a}}'''ROK''' - {{cite news
|url=http://www.dfa.gov.ph/news/pr/pr2004/may/pr341.htm
|title=Secretary Albert Assures Filipinos in Korea of Continued Government Protection for Their Interests
|publisher=Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs
|date=[[August 3]] [[2006]]
|accessdate=2007-05-12}}.
*{{note_label|SAU|SAU|a}}'''SAU''' - {{cite web
|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51609.htm
|title=International Religious Freedom Report 2005 - Saudi Arabia
|year=2005
|publisher=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State
|accessdate=2007-05-09}}.
*{{note_label|TWN|TWN|a}}'''TWN''' - [http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/mon/c11020.htm Alien Workers in Taiwan-Fukien Area by Industry and Nationality] ([[JPG]] and [[PDF]] format), 2006 February, CLA, [[Taiwan]].
*{{note_label|UK|UK|a}}'''UK''' - {{cite web
|url=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BFUA
|title=BFUA - ''Tuloy po kayo!'' - British-Filipino Unions &mdash; Apart
|accessdate=2007-10-11}}
*'''USA'''
**{{note_label|USA|USA|a1}}{{cite web
|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:038&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en
|title=Selected Population Profile in the United States - Population Group: Filipino alone or in any combination
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
|year=2005
|accessdate=2007-05-09
|quote=Population Group: Filipino alone or in any combination: 2,807,731
}}.
**{{note_label|USA|USA|b1}}{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm|coauthors=United States Census Bureau|title= Background Note: Philippines|month=May|year=2007|publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs|accessdate=2007-09-02
|quote=There are an estimated four million Americans of Philippine ancestry in the United States, and more than 250,000 American citizens in the Philippines.}}
</div>

<br/>{{Ethnic groups in the Philippines}}
<!--Categories-->
[[Category:People of the Philippines| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in the Philippines| ]]

<!--Other languages-->
[[cbk-zam:Maga Filipino]]
[[ilo:Tattao a Filipino]]
[[pl:Filipińczycy]]
[[ru:Филиппинцы]]
[[tl:Mga Pilipino]]

Revision as of 04:53, 30 November 2007

Filipinos
Pictures of Filipinos
From left to right: An Ayta man, President Corazon Aquino, Bagobo chieftain Datu Attos, Muslim women's rights activist Yasmin Busran-Lao, President Sergio Osmeña, and actor Cesar Montano.
Regions with significant populations
Significant overseas populations
Note: No data available on number of Filipino descendants in Southeast Asia-Pacific, Latin America, China and Spain
 United States4,000,000 (2007)[USA]
 Saudi Arabia800,000 (2005)[SAU]
 Malaysia352,650 (2004)[1]
 Canada327,550 (2003)[CAN]
 Japan300,000 (2004)[JPN]
 UAE250,000 (2003)[ARE]
 Taiwan158,116 (2003)[TWN]
 United Kingdom100,000+ (2006)[UK]
 Italy147,000 (2004)[ITA]
 Singapore136,489 (2004)[1]
 Hong Kong130,810 (2005)[HKG]
 Australia129,400 (2007)[AUS]
 Kuwait91,789 (2004)[1]
 Ireland3,900 (2005)[IRL]
 Indonesia68,000 (2005)[citation needed]
 Qatar58,358 (2004)[1]
 Germany55,628 (2004)[1]
 Guam45,600 (2007)[GWM]
 South Korea41,000 (2004)[ROK]
 Israel37,155-50,000(2004)[1][2][3]
 Bahrain36,718 (2004)[1]
 France32,085 (2004)[1]
 Lebanon30,000 (2006)[LBN]
 Austria25,973 (2004)[1]
 Spain25,292 (2004)[1]
 Greece25,146 (2004)[1]
 Macau18,447 (2004)[1]
 New Zealand16,938 (2006)[NZL]
 Norway5,000 (2005)[citation needed]
Languages
Filipino, Bikol, Cebuano, English, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray-Waray,
and over 100 others
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholic
Various smaller Christian denominations
Significant Muslim minority

Filipinos are the citizens of the Philippines, located in Southeast Asia. The term (feminine: Filipina) may also refer to people of Philippine descent, regardless of citizenship (i.e. Chinese Filipinos, Filipino Americans, British Filipinos, Canadians of Filipino descent, etc.).

Throughout the colonial era, the term "Filipino" originally referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines, also known as insulares, criollos or español filipino. This distinguished them from Spaniards born in Europe who were known as peninsulares. By the mid to late nineteenth century, however, the term "Filipino" had begun to refer to the indigenous population of the Philippines. According to historian Ambeth Ocampo, José Rizal was the first to call the native inhabitants "Filipinos". Today, Filipino is also used to signify the nationality and citizenship of one who is from the Philippines. This means that not only Austronesian Malay population are included but also other ethnic groups such as the Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, and American.

Colloquially, Filipinos may refer to themselves as Pinoy (feminine: Pinay), which is formed by taking the last four letters of Pilipino and adding the diminutive suffix -y. The word was coined by expatriate Filipino Americans during the 1920s and was later adopted by Filipinos in the Philippines.

In various [[languages of the

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Stock Estimate of Overseas Filipinos" (MS Excel). Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA). 2004. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  2. ^ Catholic News for Thursday, December 28, 2006
  3. ^ Filipinos Won't Leave Israel
  4. ^ "The World Factbook - Philippines". U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2007-06-08.
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