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<blockquote>"You went overboard in your unbelief and freed yourselves of the etiquettes of dispute and fighting and went to the extent of publishing these insulting drawings," he said, <ref>(according to a transcript released by the SITE Institute, another U.S. group that monitors terror messages)</ref> "This is the greater and more serious tragedy, and reckoning for it will be more severe."</blockquote>
<blockquote>"You went overboard in your unbelief and freed yourselves of the etiquettes of dispute and fighting and went to the extent of publishing these insulting drawings," he said, <ref>(according to a transcript released by the SITE Institute, another U.S. group that monitors terror messages)</ref> "This is the greater and more serious tragedy, and reckoning for it will be more severe."</blockquote>

Among others,<ref>[http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=1030 "Qatari University Lecturer Ali Muhi Al-Din Al-Qardaghi: Muhammad Cartoon Is a Jewish Attempt to Divert European Hatred from Jews to Muslims"], Al-Jazeera/MemriTV, 2 March 2006. </ref> Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei blamed a "Zionist conspiracy" for the row over the cartoons.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoonprotests/story/0,,1704174,00.html "Cartoons 'part of Zionist plot'"], Guardian, 7 February 2006.</ref> The Palestinian envoy to Washington alleged the Likud party concocted distribution of Muhammad caricatures worldwide in a bid to create a clash between the West and the Muslim world<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3215284,00.html "PA: Likud behind Muhammad cartoons"], ynet, 13 February 2006. </ref>.


==Criticism of the idea that there is a war against Islam==
==Criticism of the idea that there is a war against Islam==

Revision as of 14:11, 28 March 2008

File:First chechen war russian tanks.jpg
Russian tanks drive through the mountain areas of Chechnya, 1995. Russian military action against Chechnya has been seen by Osama bin Laden as a part of its war against Islam

War against Islam (also War on Islam, or Attack on Islam) is a critical term used to describe a perceived campaign by non-Muslims and alleged false Muslims to harm, weaken or even annihilate the religion of Islam, using military, economic, social and cultural means.

The alleged perpetrators of the war include Western powers (especially the United States[1]), pro-Western Muslims states, and non-Western, non-Muslim states such as Russia for its atrocities against Chechnya[2][3][4][5], India for its occupation of Kashmir[6] and Israel[7].

The phrase or similar phrases have been used by Muslims such as Abid Ullah Jan [8], Enver Masud [9], Aytollah Khomeini , Sayyid Qutb and Osama bin Laden.[10]

Usage

According to scholar David Cook, what some believe is scriptural evidence for the existence of the alleged war is found in a popular ahadith, one that supposedly prophesises a war against Islam "is the so-called Tradition of Thawban"[11]:

The Messenger of God said: The nations are about to flock against you [the Muslims] from every horizon, just as hungry people flock to a kettle. We said: O Messenger of God, will we be few on that day? He said: No, you will be many in number, but you will be scum, like the scum of a flash-flood, without any weight, since fear will be removed from the hearts of your enemies, and weakness (wahn) will be placed in your hearts. We said: O Messenger of God, what does the word wahn mean? He said: Love of this world, and fear of death. [12]

An early modern example of belief in the alleged war is the book Qadat al-gharb yaquluman: dammiru al-Islam, ubidu ahlahu (Western Leaders Are Saying: Destroy Islam, Annihilate All of Its People) written by Jalal `Alam and published in 1977. [13]

Evidence of the strength of the belief that a non-Muslim power (the United States) is at least attempting to weaken, if not annihilate, Islam can be found in opinion polls that showed as of late 2006/ early 2007, strong majorities -- at least 70% -- in the Muslim countries of Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, and Indonesia, answering "yes" to the pollsters' question: do you believe the United States seeks to “weaken and divide the Islamic world?”,[neutrality is disputed] [14]

Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon write in their book Age of Sacred Terror:

In the Middle East and Pakistan, religious discourse dominates societies, the airwaves, and thinking about the world. Radical mosques have proliferated throughout Egypt. Bookstores are dominated by works with religious themes … The demand for sharia, the belief that their governments are unfaithful to Islam and that Islam is the answer to all problems, and the certainty that the West has declared war on Islam; these are the themes that dominate public discussion. Islamists may not control parliaments or government palaces, but they have occupied the popular imagination. [15]

And in particular, a Western war against Islam is a belief "at the heart of the radical Muslim and especially the globalist radical Muslim;" a factor "binding globalist radical Muslims together." [16]

Some[who?] of the leading Islamists have written and spoken about the alleged war, or at least alleged malicious conspiracies:

Ayatollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preached that Western imperialists or neoimperialists sought to make Muslims suffer, to "plunder" their resources and other wealth, and had to undermine Islam first because Islam stood in the way of this stealing and immiseration.

File:Khomeini Famous Portrait.jpg
Ayatollah Khomeini

The Imperialist plan

is to keep us backward, to keep us in our present miserable state so they can exploit our riches, our underground wealth, our lands and our human resources. They want us to remain afflicted and wretched, and our poor to be trapped in their misery … they and their agents wish to go on living in huge palaces and enjoying lives of abominable luxury.` [17]

"Agents" refers to Westernizing Muslim rulers such as the Shah of Iran who Khomeini passionately opposed

[European-Imperialists] have known the power of Islam themselves for it once ruled part of Europe, and they know that true Islam is opposed to their activities. They have also realized they cannot make the true religious scholars submit to their influence, nor can they affect their thinking. From the very outset, therefore, they have sought to remove this obstacle from their path by disparaging Islam and besmirching the religious leaders. They have resorted to malicious propaganda so that today, we imagine that Islam simply consists of a handful of legal topics. They have also tried to destroy the reputation of the fuqaha and the `ulama, who stand at the head of Islamic society, by slanderous accusations and other means. [18]

The agents of imperialism are busy in every corner of the Islamic world drawing our youth away from us with their evil propaganda. [19]

Come to the aid of Islam; save Islam! They are destroying Islam! Invoking the laws of Islam and the name of the Most Noble Messenger (upon whom be peace and blessing), they are destroying Islam! Agents – both foreigners sent by the imperialists and natives employed by them – have spread out into every village and region of Iran and are leading out children and young people astray [20]

Western plots were not recent but 100s of years old:

The British imperialists penetrated the countries of the East more than 300 years ago. Being knowledgeable about all aspects of these countries, they drew up elaborate plans for assuming control of them. Then came the new imperialist, the Americans and others. They allied themselves with the British and took part in the execution of their plans. [21][22]

Sayyid Qutb

Sayyid Qutb, possibly the most influential Islamist author, often described as "the man who's ideas would shape Al Qaeda",[23] also preached that the West was not just in conflict with Islam but plotting against it. In his book Milestones he wrote:

The Western ways of thought … [have] an enmity toward all religion, and in particular with greater hostility toward Islam. This enmity toward Islam is especially pronounced and many times is the result of a well-thought-out scheme the object of which is first to shake the foundations of Islamic beliefs and then gradually to demolish the structure of Muslim society.[24]

Osama bin Laden

File:DN-SD-04-12769.jpg
An Urdu propaganda poster featuring Osama bin Laden. The Tagline reads: Mujahid of Islam - Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden emphasizes the alleged war and urges Muslims to take arms against it in almost all of his written or recorded messages.[25] In his 1998 fatwa where he declared the killing of "Americans and their allies -- civilians and military -- is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it," bin Laden listed three reasons for the fatwa: the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia, the increase in infant mortality in Iraq following US-supported sanctions there, and US aid to Israel.

All these crimes and sins committed by the Americans are a clear declaration of war on Allah, his messenger, and Muslims[26]

Other examples of accusations of war by bin Laden:

What bears no doubt in this fierce Judeo-Christian campaign against the Muslim world, the likes of which has never been seen before, is that the Muslims must prepare all possible might to repel the enemy, militarily, economically, through missionary activity, and all other areas. It is crucial for us to be patient and to cooperate in righteousness and piety and to raise awareness of the fact that the highest priority, after faith, is to repel the aggressive enemy that corrupts the religion and the world. Nothing deserves a higher priority, after faith, as the religious scholars have declared. It is crucial to overlook many of the issues of bickering to unite our ranks so that we can repel the greater Kufr. [27]

Every day, from east to west, our umma of 1200 million Muslims is being slaughtered, in Palestine, in Iraq, Somalia, Western Sudan, Kashmir, the Philippines, Bosnia, Chechnya, and Assam. [28]

Regarding the invasion of Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime and independence of East Timor

We … see events not as isolated incidents, but as part of a long chain of conspiracies, a war of annihilation … In southern Sudan hundreds of thousand were killed. [29]

According to journalist Lawrence Wright, evidence that bin Laden's accusations have struck a chord among many Muslims was found in the popularity of bin laden T-shirts among Muslims including children in Kenya and Tanzania following the 1998 American embassy bombings, despite the fact that all but a handful 224 people killed were Kenyians and Tanzanians, not of Americans.[neutrality is disputed].[30]

He says,

The West is incapable of recognising the rights of others. It will not be able to respect others' beliefs or feelings. The West still believes in ethnic supremacy and looks down on other nations. They categorise human beings into white masters and coloured slaves.[31]

Confessions of a British Spy

One alleged malicious conspiracy that is not alleged by an Islamist leader but that has been called "the most detailed and interesting claim that a Western power sponsored fundamentalist Islam,"[32] to create division and strife within Islam, is the book Confessions of a British Spy, allegedly a memoir of a British spy translated into Arabic by "a Lebanese doctor,"[33]

In the book, a British spy named Hempher, working in the early 1700s, disguises himself as a Muslim and infiltrates the Ottoman Empire working to weaken it, telling his readers: "when the unity of Muslims is broken and the common sympathy among them is impaired, their forces will be dissolved and thus we shall easily destroy them. … We, the English people, have to make mischief and arouse schism in all our colonies in order that we may live in welfare and luxury."[34]

He does this by spreading "alcohol and fornication," but primarily by creating the Wahhabi sect, enlisting "a gullible, hotheaded young Iraqi in Basra named Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab" for that purpose.[34] In the story Hempher is one of 5,000 British agents with the assignment of weakening Muslims, which the British government plans to increase to 100,000 by the end of the eighteenth century. "When we reach this number we shall have brought all Muslims under our sway" and Islam will be rendered "into a miserable state from which it will never recover again."[32]

Confessions has been dismissed by the few Western sources who have written about it. [35] It has been described as a transparent forgery on the model of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion," an apocryphal tale "whose intent is to present Muslims as both too holy and too weak to organize" destructive infighting.[34] In the Muslim world it is found on many websites[32] where its full title is often given as Confessions of a British spy and British enmity against Islam.[36]

Defense of the idea that a war against Islam exists

Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont "I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it." [37].

Historical Basis of the Claim

According to historians, hostility against Islam from the west has existed ever since Islam was first revealed. R.M. Savory, a Historian and editor of Introduction to Islamic Civilisation says:

The existence of Islam has always made the West profoundly uneasy. Islam was the only major world religion to be revealed after the rise of Christianity, and consequently it was, from the moment of the revelation of Islam in the seventh century A.D., viewed by Christendom as a direct threat and challenge to itself.[38]

On the theological and religious level, the reaction of the West was strong, sustained and, almost without exception, hostile. Hostility was based on fear, and fear had its roots in ignorance. Christendom feared Islam, and therefore misrepresented it. Christians were ignorant of Islam, at least in part, because Christendom, prompted by odium theologicum had no desire to understand or tolerate Islam.[39]

Islam on the other hand, was ignorant of the West because it was indifferent to it.[40]

This fascinating experiment in co-existence was not permitted to endure. Christendom had not reconciled itself to a permanent Muslim presence in Europe, especially as this presence could not be ignored, for Islam, far from whithering away, had produced great philosophers and scientists.[41]

Crusades

Muslims who use this term[who?] often point to the Crusades and European colonization of their lands believing it to be an example of an attempt to destroy the Muslim way of life. In addition to believing the West had "a well-thought-out scheme the object of which is first to shake the foundations of Islamic beliefs", Sayyid Qutb for example maintained that the medieval Christian Crusades were not "a form of imperialism," but rather Western imperialism was a new form of the Crusades, "latter-day" imperialism in Muslim lands being "but a mask for the crusading spirit." [42]

This claim appears to have at least some factual historical basis. Savory says:

It is not surprising, therefore, to find a great similarity between the medieval view that it was safe to speak ill of Muhammad because his malignity exceeded whatever ill could be spoken of him, and the tone of nineteenth-century missionary tracts which exhorted the Muslims in India to abandon the false religion which they had been taught. There were even echos of the old crusading spirit. When the French occupied Algeria in 1830, they declared that they had in mind 'the greatest benefit to Christendom'. Similarly, Canning's solution to the 'problem' of the Ottoman empire was to bring it into modern Europe under Christian tutelage. When the French invaded Tunis in 1881, they considered their action a sacred duty 'which a superior civilisation owes to the populations which are less advanced.[43]

Modern Day

More recently, Western support for Israeli occupation of Jerusalem and the continued existence of the State of Israel has been criticised[citation needed].

In modern day, events alleged to be attacks on Islam include media portrayal of the religion and the War on Terrorism.[44] The Western media is also alleged to be attacking Islam in general and with the reporting of anti-Islamic statements.[citation needed] Statements portraying Islam as a destructive ideology have been made by Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, Benny Hinn V.S. Naipaul[45] and Ann Coulter following the 9/11 attack [46]. Franklin Graham, the son of famed American Christian evangelist Billy Graham, declared in November 2001 that "the God of Islam is not the same God. He's not the son of God of the Christian or Judeo-Christian faith. It's a different God and I believe it is a very evil and wicked religion." [47]

On September 16, 2001 George W. Bush referred to the war in Afghanistan as a Crusade: "This crusade, this war on terrorism is going to take a while. And the American people must be patient. I'm going to be patient." [48]

In an article "The war against Islam," columnist James Carroll writes that the conflict between Muslims and Westerners "has its origins more in `the West` than in the House of Islam." And can be traced to "the poison flower of the Crusades, with their denigrations of distant cultures," and other Western injustices.[49]

Proponents[who?] of this view often consider the War on Terrorism with the accompanying 2001 military activity in Afghanistan, 2003 Invasion of Iraq to be part of the war against Islam.[50][51] The Western colonial domination of the Middle East for a good part of the 20th Century is also regarded as such an attack by some. [52]

Alleged conspiracies against Islam sometimes involve other Muslims who are accused of being apostates. The Ayatollah Khomeini believed that "agents of imperialism," the term he gave to secular pro-Western Muslims, were "busy in every corner of the Islamic world drawing our youth away from us with their evil propaganda."[53] Muslims at themajlis.net find evidence of "the primary conspiracy against Islam … not [in] Mr. Bush and Mr. Blair," but in "the enemy which lurks within the Ummah. The most poisonous and lethal enemy for Islam in this century consists of the munaafiqeen (hypocrites)and murtaddeen (apostates) who are concealing within the folds of the Ummah," but "products of kuffaar universities …." and have cast doubt on traditional interpretations of the Sharia (Islamic law).[neutrality is disputed][54]

Danish Cartoon Controversy

The publication of cartoons depicting Prophet Muhammad in a Danish news papers were, according to Osama bin Laden [55]a part of European Union's war against Islam

The recent Danish cartoon controversy were cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad in a Danish newspaper that led to riots and the burning of the Norwegian and Danish Embassies in Syria, and are seen by Osama bin Laden as part of the "Zionist-crusaders war on Islam" [56] [neutrality is disputed][57][58][59]. In an audio message[60], bin Laden described the cartoons as taking place in the framework of a "new Crusade" against Islam, in which he said the pope has played a "large and lengthy role."

"You went overboard in your unbelief and freed yourselves of the etiquettes of dispute and fighting and went to the extent of publishing these insulting drawings," he said, [61] "This is the greater and more serious tragedy, and reckoning for it will be more severe."

Among others,[62] Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei blamed a "Zionist conspiracy" for the row over the cartoons.[63] The Palestinian envoy to Washington alleged the Likud party concocted distribution of Muhammad caricatures worldwide in a bid to create a clash between the West and the Muslim world[64].

Criticism of the idea that there is a war against Islam

The World Trade Center on fire with the Statue of Liberty in the foreground

Some critics of Islam, such as David Horowitz, Daniel Pipes, and Glen Reinsford, believe that such a war is justified as self-defence, and/or that Islam itself is waging war against the non-Muslim world and not the other way around. [65] They claim groups like Al-Qaeda, HAMAS and other extremist groups are an example of Islam's war against the non-Muslim world. The subsequent wars launched against Muslim regimes or insurgents in Afghanistan or Iraq, they argue, are only defence against aggression. [66]

An example of what may be referred to as Islam's war against the West is this fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden:

The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies -- civilians and military -- is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque (Mecca) from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty Allah, "and fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together," and "fight them until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah."[67]

References

  1. ^ Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders World Islamic Front Statement accessed 10-23-2007
  2. ^ Here Osama bin Laden says clearly:

    This is why they established institutions and enacted laws to maintain their supremacy by creating the United Nations and the veto power ... . They regard jihad for the sake of God or defending one's self or his country as an act of terror. US and Europe consider jihad groups in Palestine, Chechnya, Iraq and Afghanistan as terrorist groups, so how could we talk or have understanding with them without using weapons?
  3. ^ Human Rights Watch:Chechnya: Research Shows Widespread and Systematic Use of Torture
  4. ^ Chechnya Holds Parliamentary Vote, Morning Edition, NPR, 28 November 2005.
  5. ^ Government efforts help only some IDPs rebuild their lives, IDMC, 13 August 2007
  6. ^ hereOsama bin Laden mentions:

    Meanwhile, a UN resolution passed more than half a century ago gave Muslim Kashmir the liberty of choosing independence from India and Kashmir. George Bush, the leader of the Crusaders' campaign, announced a few days ago that he will order his converted agent [Pakistan President Pervez] Musharraf to shut down the Kashmir mujahidin camps, thus affirming that it is a Zionist-Hindu war against Muslims.
  7. ^ hereOsama bin Laden says:

    The Palestine question is a manifestation of such injustices when the allied forces of the Crusaders and the Zionists decided to hand over Palestine to the Zionists to establish a state after committing massacres, displaced the indigenous Palestinians and brought Jews from all over the world to settle in Palestine. The ongoing injustice and aggression did not stop in the last nine decades, while all attempts to reclaim our rights and exact justice on the Israeli oppressors, were blocked by the leadership of the Crusaders and Zionists' alliance by using the so-called veto power.

    and here, clearly says:

    This is a continuous Crusader-Zionist war against Muslims. In this respect I am inviting the mujahidin and their supporters in the Sudan and other countries around, including the Arabian peninsula in particular, to prepare all that is needed for a long-term war against the Crusaders and thieves in western Sudan.
  8. ^ http://www.icssa.org/article_detail_parse.php?a_id=801&rel=
  9. ^ The War on Islam / Enver Masud
  10. ^ Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders World Islamic Front Statement accessed 10-23-2007
  11. ^ Cook, Understanding Jihad (2005), p.143
  12. ^ Abu Da'ud, Sunan, (Beirut, 1988), IV, p.108 (no.4297) quoted in Cook, Understanding Jihad (2005), p.143)
  13. ^ Cook, Understanding Jihad, (2005), p.137
  14. ^ according to a poll conducted from December 2006 to February, 2007 by WorldPublicOpinion.org Muslims Believe US Seeks to Undermine Islam
  15. ^ (italics added), The Age of Sacred Terror by Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, New York : Random House, c2002, p.172-3
  16. ^ Cook Understanding Jihad, 2005, p.136
  17. ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.34
  18. ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution, (1981) p.140
  19. ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.127
  20. ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.128
  21. ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution (1981) p.139
  22. ^ Some seculate that the figure of 300 years may come from the date of farthest advance of Muslim armies. On September 11, 1683, the king of Poland began the Battle of Vienna where the army of the Ottoman Empire under Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha was defeated. In the next two centuries the Ottoman Empire was militarily rolled back and economically overshadowded and by Western Christian military power and technology. see: Wright, Lawrence, Looming Tower, (2006), p.171
  23. ^ PBS program America at the crossroads "Qutb, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, visits America in 1948"
  24. ^ Qutb, Milestones, (1981) p.116
  25. ^ bin Laden, Messages, (2006)
  26. ^ Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders World Islamic Front Statement accessed 10-23-2007
  27. ^ published in Islamic magazine from Australia, Nida'ul Islam (The Call of Islam), October-November 1996
  28. ^ bin Laden, Messages, (2006), p.153, from December 2001 statement recorded for release to al-Jazeera, shown on al-Jazeera December 26.
  29. ^ bin Laden, Messages, (2006), p.133, from Letter to al-Jazeera's Kabul Bureau November 3, 2001, 10 days before the Northern Alliance entry.)
  30. ^ Wright, Looming Towers (2006), p.285
  31. ^ Transcript of his audiotape, dated April 23, 2006
  32. ^ a b c The Saga of "Hempher," Purported British Spy, an extract from The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy, pp. 211-12. Daniel Pipes, December 1996
  33. ^ Confessions of a British spy and British enmity against Islam
  34. ^ a b c New Yorker, "CAUGHT IN THE CROSSFIRE; LETTER FROM BAGHDAD" by GEORGE PACKER, May 17, 2004. Vol. 80, Iss. 12; p.63
  35. ^ While Wahhabi Saudi King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia did sign "a treaty of `friendship and cooperation` with the British in 1915 and received "an extremely generous monthly annuity from the British government." (abou el Fadl Great Theft, HarperOne (2005) p.65) and 10 years later got British military help conquering Mecca and Medina from the Hashemite dynasty (Kepel, Gilles, p.162), no historians have accused Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab of being connected with the British.
  36. ^ Confessions of a British spy and British enmity against Islam
  37. ^ Fulcher of Chartres' account of Urban's speech, Urban II: Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, Five versions of the Speech (available as part of the Internet Medieval Sourcebook).
  38. ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.127
  39. ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.127
  40. ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.127
  41. ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.128
  42. ^ Qutb, Milestones, p.159-160
  43. ^ Savory, R.M., Christendom vs Islam: interaction & co-existence, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, p.134
  44. ^ Al-Qaida leader warns of new attacks Aljazeera.net, FEBRUARY 27, 2004
  45. ^ VS Naipaul launches attack on Islam accessed 10-23-2007
  46. ^ Stop The Attack Against Islam accessed 10-23-2007
  47. ^ source: Muslim Public Affairs Council, MPACnews, 19 November 2001, quoting Graham from remarks on `NBC Nightly News` on 16 November 2001, (broadcast@listsmpac-news.org)
  48. ^ President: Today We Mourned, Tomorrow We Work
  49. ^ The war against Islam By James Carroll | June 7, 2005
  50. ^ [http://www.guardian.co.uk/religion/Story/0,2763,927071,00.html Young, British and ready to fight ]
  51. ^ This is not a cartoon war
  52. ^ A Moment to Pause and Reflect by John V. Whitbeck accessed 10-23-2007
  53. ^ Khomeini, Islam and Revolution, (1981), p.127
  54. ^ THE PRIMARY CONSPIRACY AGAINST ISLAM accessed 10-23-2007
  55. ^ Bin Laden Slams EU Over Prophet Cartoons
  56. ^ Bin Laden Says West Is Waging War Against Islam
  57. ^ The racist crusade against Muslims accessed 10-23-2007
  58. ^ 'A conspiracy against Islam' accessed 10-23-2007
  59. ^ Islamophobia Watch, Documenting the war against Islam categories of the website include "Danish Cartoons"
  60. ^ http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5h0arauyjLz9xhnBdnw6pEEOpKErwD8VH20J00
  61. ^ (according to a transcript released by the SITE Institute, another U.S. group that monitors terror messages)
  62. ^ "Qatari University Lecturer Ali Muhi Al-Din Al-Qardaghi: Muhammad Cartoon Is a Jewish Attempt to Divert European Hatred from Jews to Muslims", Al-Jazeera/MemriTV, 2 March 2006.
  63. ^ "Cartoons 'part of Zionist plot'", Guardian, 7 February 2006.
  64. ^ "PA: Likud behind Muhammad cartoons", ynet, 13 February 2006.
  65. ^ ISLAM'S WAR AGAINST THE WEST accessed 10-23-2007
  66. ^ A War against Islam accessed 10-23-2007
  67. ^ World Islamic Front Statement 23 February 1998 Shaykh Usamah Bin-Muhammad Bin-Ladin Ayman al-Zawahiri, amir of the Jihad Group in Egypt Abu-Yasir Rifa'i Ahmad Taha, Egyptian Islamic Group Shaykh Mir Hamzah, secretary of the Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Pakistan Fazlur Rahman, amir of the Jihad Movement in Bangladesh

Bibliography

  • 'A War on Islam?' by Abid Ullah Jan
  • 'The War on Islam' by Enver Masud
  • Cook, David (c2005). Understanding Jihad. University of California Press. ISBN 0520244486. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)</ref>
  • Khomeini, Ruhollah; Algar, Hamid (translator and editor) (1981). Islam and Revolution : Writing and Declarations of Imam Khomeini. Berkeley: Mizan Press. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • bin Laden, Osama; James Howarth (translator) (2005). Messages to the world : the statements of Osama Bin Laden. New York: Verso. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Qutb, Sayyid (1981). Milestones. The Mother Mosque Foundation.

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to War on Islam controversy.
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