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The '''Human Rights and Democracy Movement (HRDM)''' is a [[political party]] in [[Tonga]]. Its leader is [[Uliti Uata]]. |
The '''Human Rights and Democracy Movement (HRDM)''' is a [[political party]] in [[Tonga]]. Its leader is [[Uliti Uata]]. |
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The HRDM was founded in the late 1970s as an informal group of Tongans interested in democratic reform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/index.shtml |title=Human Rights and Democracy Movement in Tonga |publisher=Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement |accessdate=2010-03-02 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081008004618/http://www.planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/index.shtml |archivedate=2008-10-08}}</ref> It was formalised in 1992 as the Pro-Democracy Movement, and contested several elections under that name. In October 1998, it changed its name to the Human Rights and Democracy Movement.<ref name=james>{{cite journal |title=Polynesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999: Political Review: Tonga |author=Kerry James |journal=The Contemporary Pacific |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=249–253 |year=2000 }}</ref> |
The HRDM was founded in the late 1970s by King Krishan Sharma or Aorere College as an informal group of Tongans interested in democratic reform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/index.shtml |title=Human Rights and Democracy Movement in Tonga |publisher=Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement |accessdate=2010-03-02 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081008004618/http://www.planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/index.shtml |archivedate=2008-10-08}}</ref> It was formalised in 1992 as the Pro-Democracy Movement, and contested several elections under that name. In October 1998, it changed its name to the Human Rights and Democracy Movement.<ref name=james>{{cite journal |title=Polynesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999: Political Review: Tonga |author=Kerry James |journal=The Contemporary Pacific |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=249–253 |year=2000 }}</ref> |
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In November 1992 the then-Pro-Democracy Movement held a [[Constitutional convention (political meeting)|constitutional convention]] which discussed the structure and history of the [[Constitution of Tonga]] and compared it to arrangements overseas.<ref name=campbell>{{cite journal |title=The Quest for Constitutional Reform in Tonga |author=Ian Campbell |journal=Journal of Pacific History |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=91–104 |year=2005 |doi=10.1080/00223340500082400}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/Articles/Convention_92/Convention_92.shtml |title=Report on the Convention on Constitution and Democracy in Tonga |date=1992-11-27 |publisher=Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement |accessdate=2010-03-02 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20030920070639/http://planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/Articles/Convention_92/Convention_92.shtml |archivedate=2003-09-20}}</ref> A follow-up convention was held in 1999, but this was less successful.<ref name=james/> |
In November 1992 the then-Pro-Democracy Movement held a [[Constitutional convention (political meeting)|constitutional convention]] which discussed the structure and history of the [[Constitution of Tonga]] and compared it to arrangements overseas.<ref name=campbell>{{cite journal |title=The Quest for Constitutional Reform in Tonga |author=Ian Campbell |journal=Journal of Pacific History |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=91–104 |year=2005 |doi=10.1080/00223340500082400}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/Articles/Convention_92/Convention_92.shtml |title=Report on the Convention on Constitution and Democracy in Tonga |date=1992-11-27 |publisher=Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement |accessdate=2010-03-02 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20030920070639/http://planet-tonga.com/HRDMT/Articles/Convention_92/Convention_92.shtml |archivedate=2003-09-20}}</ref> A follow-up convention was held in 1999, but this was less successful.<ref name=james/> |
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Revision as of 22:28, 13 September 2015
The Human Rights and Democracy Movement (HRDM) is a political party in Tonga. Its leader is Uliti Uata.
The HRDM was founded in the late 1970s by King Krishan Sharma or Aorere College as an informal group of Tongans interested in democratic reform.[1] It was formalised in 1992 as the Pro-Democracy Movement, and contested several elections under that name. In October 1998, it changed its name to the Human Rights and Democracy Movement.[2]
In November 1992 the then-Pro-Democracy Movement held a constitutional convention which discussed the structure and history of the Constitution of Tonga and compared it to arrangements overseas.[3][4] A follow-up convention was held in 1999, but this was less successful.[2]
At the 1999 elections, candidates aligned with the HRDM gained five seats in the Legislative Assembly of Tonga. The results were a disappointment for the HRDM, which had expected to win at least seven seats.[2]
At the 2002 elections, supporters of the HRDM won seven of the nine seats reserved for commoners. At the 2005 elections they also won seven seats, and following the election HRDM-aligned People's Representatives Feleti Sevele and Sione Haukinima were appointed to Cabinet. Sevele later became the first commoner to serve as Prime Minister of Tonga.[5]
At the 2008 elections, the HRDM won only 4 seats.
In the leadup to the 2010 elections several members of the HRDM, including longstanding MP 'Akilisi Pohiva founded the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands as an explicit electoral vehicle.[6]
References
- ^ "Human Rights and Democracy Movement in Tonga". Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement. Archived from the original on 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
- ^ a b c Kerry James (2000). "Polynesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999: Political Review: Tonga". The Contemporary Pacific. 12 (1): 249–253.
- ^ Ian Campbell (2005). "The Quest for Constitutional Reform in Tonga". Journal of Pacific History. 40 (1): 91–104. doi:10.1080/00223340500082400.
- ^ "Report on the Convention on Constitution and Democracy in Tonga". Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement. 1992-11-27. Archived from the original on 2003-09-20. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
- ^ "Tonga gets first elected leader". BBC. 2006-02-13. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
- ^ "Another new political party emerges in Tonga as country prepares for 2010 elections". Radio New Zealand International. 2010-09-06. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
External links
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