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The [[Lok Sabha]] is the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]]. Unlike the [[Rajya Sabha]], the Lok Sabha is not a continuous body. According to the [[Constitution of India]], it has a maximum term of five years, following which the assembly is dissolved. The Lok Sabha currently consists of 543 members corresponding to as many territorial constituencies, each directly elected on the basis of [[universal adult franchise]] in a [[first-past-the-post]] system. Since 1952, '''fifteen Lok Sabhas''' have been convened, after conducting as many [[Elections in India|general elections]].
{{Infobox political post
| border = parliamentary
| minister = not_prime
| post = Chief Minister of Puducherry
| image = N. Rangaswamy.jpg
| incumbent = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| incumbentsince = 17 May 2011
| appointer = [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]
| inaugural = [[Edouard Goubert]]
| formation = 1 July 1963
| residence =
}}


==Lok Sabhas==
The '''Chief Minister of Puducherry''' is the [[head of government|chief executive]] of the [[south India]]n union territory of [[Puducherry]]. He is appointed and sworn-in by the [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]. Since 17 May 2011, [[N. Rangaswamy]] of the [[All India N.R. Congress]] has been the incumbent Chief Minister of Puducherry.


{|class="wikitable"
==Chief Ministers of Pondicherry and Puducherry==
|-

! Lok Sabha
{| class="wikitable"
! Date of first meeting
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
! Date of dissolution
! No
! Duration
! Name<br /><small>Constituency
! Speaker
!colspan=2| Term of office
! Election
! Tenure length
! Party-wise composition
!colspan=2| Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|-
! Election
| [[1st Lok Sabha|First]]
! Ref
| 13 May 1952
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 4 April 1957
| 1
| 4 years, 327 days
| [[Edouard Goubert]]
| [[G. V. Mavalankar]], [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
| 1 July 1963
| [[Indian general election, 1952|1952]]
| 24 August 1964
| Total: 489
| {{age in years and days|1963|7|1|1964|8|24}}
* INC: 364
|rowspan=4| [[Indian National Congress]]
* CPI: 16
|rowspan=4 width=4px style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|-
| –
| [[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]
| –
| 10 May 1957
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 31 March 1962
| 2
| 4 years, 325 days
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
| [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
| 11 September 1964
| [[Indian general election, 1957|1957]]
| 9 April 1967
| Total: 494
| {{age in years and days|1964|8|24|1967|4|9}}
* INC: 402
|rowspan=4| [[Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1964|1964]]
* CPI: 29
|rowspan=4| <ref>http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1964/StatReport_PY_64.pdf</ref>
*
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 3
|-
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]
| [[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]
| 9 April 1967
| 16 April 1962
| 6 March 1968
| 3 March 1967
| {{age in years and days|1967|4|9|1968|3|6}}
| 4 years, 321 days
| [[Hukam Singh]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| [[Indian general election, 1962|1962]]
| (2)
| Total:
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
* INC:
| 6 March 1968
|-
| 18 September 1968
| [[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]
| {{age in years and days|1968|3|6|1968|9|18}}
| 16 March 1967
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 27 December 1970
| –
| 3 years, 286 days
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR|When [[President's rule]] is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005. Retrieved on 3 March 2013.</ref>}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
| 18 September 1968
| [[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
| 17 March 1969
| Total:
| {{age in years and days|1968|9|18|1969|3|17}}
* INC:
| N/A
|-
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
| [[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 19 March 1971
| (3)
| 18 January 1977
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]
| 5 years, 10 months, 6 days
| 17 March 1969
| [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]], [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
| 3 January 1974
| [[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
|
| Total:
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
* INC:
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|-
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]
| –
| 25 March 1977
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 3 January 1974
| 22 August 1979
| 2 years, 4 months and 28 days
| 6 March 1974
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[K. S. Hegde]]
| [[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]
| 21 January 1980
| 31 December 1984
| 4 years, 345 days
| [[Bal Ram Jakhar]]
| [[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]
| 15 January 1985
| 27 November 1989
| 4 years, 345 days
| [[Bal Ram Jakhar]]
| [[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]
| 18 December 1989
| 13 March 1991
| 1 year, 2 months and 25 days
| [[Rabi Ray]]
| [[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]
| 9 July 1991
| 10 May 1996
| 4 years, 10 months
| [[Shivraj V. Patil]]
| [[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]
| 22 May 1996
| 4 December 1997
| 1 year, 6 months and 13 days
| [[P. A. Sangma]]
| [[Indian general election, 1996|1996]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelveth]]
| 23 March 1998
| 26 April 1999
| 1 year, 1 month and 4 days
| [[G. M. C. Balayogi]]
| [[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]
| 20 October 1999
| 6 February 2004
| 4 years, 112 days
| [[G. M. C. Balayogi]], [[Manohar Joshi]]
| [[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]
| 2 June 2004
| 18 May 2009
| 4 years, 351 days
| [[Somnath Chatterjee]]
| [[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]
| 1 June 2009
|
|
| [[Meira Kumar]]
| [[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
|
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 6
| [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]
| 6 March 1974
| 28 March 1974
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 28 March 1974
| 2 July 1977
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 7
| Subramanyan Ramaswamy
| 2 July 1977
| 12 November 1978
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 12 November 1978
| 16 January 1980
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 8
| [[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]
| 16 January 1980
| 24 June 1983
|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 24 June 1983
| 16 March 1985
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 9 | M. O. H. Farook
| 16 March 1985
| 4 March 1990
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 10
| M. D. R. Ramachandran
| 8 March 1990
| 3 March 1991
|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 3 March 1991
| 4 July 1991
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 11
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]
| 4 July 1991
| 13 May 1996
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 12
| [[R. V. Janakiraman]]
| 26 May 1996
| 21 March 2000
|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 13
| [[P. Shanmugam]]
| 22 March 2000
| 15 May 2001
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 14
| P. Shanmugam
| 24 May 2001
| 26 October 2001
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 15
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| 27 October 2001
| 12 May 2006
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 16
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| 13 May 2006
| 4 September 2008
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 17
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]
| 4 September 2008
| 14 May 2011
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 18
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| 17 May 2011
| Incumbent
| [[All India NR Congress|AINRC]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
|}
|}


== Prashant Kishor—sources ==
==See also==

* [[Puducherry]]
===ET===
* [[Chief Ministers of India]]

* [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
* ET1 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-07/news/42794656_1_cag-gujarat-cm-narendra-modi-vibrant-gujarat
* [[Pondicherry (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

* [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry]]
* ET2 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-15/news/49873617_1_narendra-modi-prashant-kishor-pm-candidate

* ET3 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-20/news/62413210_1_pm-narendra-modi-nitish-kumar-prashant-kishor/2

* ET4 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/meet-prashant-kishor-the-man-who-shaped-narendra-modi-and-nitish-kumar-campaigns-now-in-demand-globally/articleshow/49559637.cms

* ET5 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-verdict-prashant-kishor-does-it-again-this-time-for-nitish-kumar/articleshow/49717353.cms

* ET6 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/up-elections-after-narendra-modi-and-nitish-kumar-congress-enters-prashant-kishors-fan-club/articleshow/49837514.cms

===Telegraph===

* TELE1 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150723/jsp/frontpage/story_33229.jsp

* TELE2 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150724/jsp/frontpage/story_33373.jsp

* TELE3 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150805/jsp/frontpage/story_35529.jsp

* TELE4 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151016/jsp/frontpage/story_48287.jsp

* TELE5 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151109/jsp/nation/story_52204.jsp

* TELE6 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151109/jsp/nation/story_52238.jsp

* TELE7 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151115/jsp/bihar/story_53193.jsp

===Outlook===

* OUT1 http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-prashant-kishor-factor/295759

* OUT2 http://www.outlookindia.com/blogs/post/rejoinder-election-campaign-not-a-business/3654/12

===Misc===

* http://www.oneindia.com/india/modi-s-man-work-nitish-know-all-about-prashant-kishor-1753450.html

* http://www.ndtv.com/opinion/a-team-prashant-kishor-member-on-the-nitish-campaign-1242716

* http://www.livemint.com/Politics/z8ecilJSX0cpgom8dzZzeM/Relearning-Indian-politics-the-Prashant-Kishor-way.html

* http://www.firstpost.com/politics/behind-the-mahagathbandhans-bihar-win-take-a-bow-prashant-kishor-the-man-who-had-the-last-laugh-2500266.html

* http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/rahul-gandhi-meets-nitishs-poll-strategist-prashant-kishor/

* http://www.ndtv.com/bihar/after-pm-modi-nitish-kumar-team-prashant-kishore-on-winning-spree-1241514

* http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/11/18/prashant-kishor-next_n_8588602.html

* http://top10wala.in/prashant-kishor-biography-10-facts-about-man-who-helped-modi-nitish-kumar-campaign-win-election/

* http://scroll.in/article/768885/prashant-kishor-the-master-strategist-who-kept-the-mahagathbandhan-on-course

* http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/political-strategists-become-hot-property-after-bihar-polls-115111500346_1.html

* http://scroll.in/article/667401/meet-the-nonprofit-that-did-the-backroom-work-to-power-modi-to-victory

* http://ipious.blogspot.in/2015/11/prashant-kishore-biography-family-and.html

* http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sunday-story-the-leader-and-his-machine/

* http://indiancag.org/#


* http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2014/02/new-style-indian-campaign
{{Chief_Ministers_of_Indian_States}}

Latest revision as of 18:49, 8 January 2016

The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Unlike the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha is not a continuous body. According to the Constitution of India, it has a maximum term of five years, following which the assembly is dissolved. The Lok Sabha currently consists of 543 members corresponding to as many territorial constituencies, each directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise in a first-past-the-post system. Since 1952, fifteen Lok Sabhas have been convened, after conducting as many general elections.

Lok Sabhas

[edit]
Lok Sabha Date of first meeting Date of dissolution Duration Speaker Election Party-wise composition
First 13 May 1952 4 April 1957 4 years, 327 days G. V. Mavalankar, M. A. Ayyangar 1952 Total: 489
  • INC: 364
  • CPI: 16
Second 10 May 1957 31 March 1962 4 years, 325 days M. A. Ayyangar 1957 Total: 494
  • INC: 402
  • CPI: 29
Third 16 April 1962 3 March 1967 4 years, 321 days Hukam Singh 1962 Total:
  • INC:
Fourth 16 March 1967 27 December 1970 3 years, 286 days Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Gurdial Singh Dhillon 1967 Total:
  • INC:
Fifth 19 March 1971 18 January 1977 5 years, 10 months, 6 days Gurdial Singh Dhillon, Bali Ram Bhagat 1971 Total:
  • INC:
Sixth 25 March 1977 22 August 1979 2 years, 4 months and 28 days Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, K. S. Hegde 1971 Total:
  • INC:
Seventh 21 January 1980 31 December 1984 4 years, 345 days Bal Ram Jakhar 1980 Total:
  • INC:
Eighth 15 January 1985 27 November 1989 4 years, 345 days Bal Ram Jakhar 1984 Total:
  • INC:
Ninth 18 December 1989 13 March 1991 1 year, 2 months and 25 days Rabi Ray 1989 Total:
  • INC:
Tenth 9 July 1991 10 May 1996 4 years, 10 months Shivraj V. Patil 1991 Total:
  • INC:
Eleventh 22 May 1996 4 December 1997 1 year, 6 months and 13 days P. A. Sangma 1996 Total:
  • INC:
Twelveth 23 March 1998 26 April 1999 1 year, 1 month and 4 days G. M. C. Balayogi 1998 Total:
  • INC:
Thirteenth 20 October 1999 6 February 2004 4 years, 112 days G. M. C. Balayogi, Manohar Joshi 1999 Total:
  • INC:
Fourteenth 2 June 2004 18 May 2009 4 years, 351 days Somnath Chatterjee 2004 Total:
  • INC:
Fifteenth 1 June 2009 Meira Kumar 2009

Prashant Kishor—sources

[edit]

ET

[edit]

Telegraph

[edit]

Outlook

[edit]

Misc

[edit]
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