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The [[Lok Sabha]] is the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]]. Unlike the [[Rajya Sabha]], the Lok Sabha is not a continuous body. According to the [[Constitution of India]], it has a maximum term of five years, following which the assembly is dissolved. The Lok Sabha currently consists of 543 members corresponding to as many territorial constituencies, each directly elected on the basis of [[universal adult franchise]] in a [[first-past-the-post]] system. Since 1952, '''fifteen Lok Sabhas''' have been convened, after conducting as many [[Elections in India|general elections]].
{{Infobox political post
| border = parliamentary
| minister = not_prime
| post = Chief Minister of Puducherry
| image = N. Rangaswamy.jpg
| incumbent = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| incumbentsince = 17 May 2011
| appointer = [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]
| inaugural = [[Edouard Goubert]]
| formation = 1 July 1963
| residence =
}}


==Lok Sabhas==
The '''Chief Minister of Puducherry''' is the [[head of government|chief executive]] of the [[south India]]n union territory of [[Puducherry]]. He is appointed and sworn-in by the [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]. Since 17 May 2011, [[N. Rangaswamy]] of the [[All India N.R. Congress]] has been the incumbent Chief Minister of Puducherry.


{|class="wikitable"
==Chief Ministers of Pondicherry and Puducherry==
|-
<div style="text-align:center; width:45em; margin:1em 5em;">
! Lok Sabha
;Colour key for parties
! Date of first meeting
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; text-align:left; border:1px solid gray; padding:0.2em;">
! Date of dissolution
{{legend|{{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! Duration
{{legend|#FFC000|[[All India N.R. Congress]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! Speaker
{{legend|{{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! Election
{{legend|{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}|[[Indian National Congress]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
! Party-wise composition
{{legend|White|N/A ([[President's rule]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|-
</div>
| [[1st Lok Sabha|First]]
</div>
| 13 May 1952
{| class="wikitable"
| 4 April 1957
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 4 years, 327 days
! No
| [[G. V. Mavalankar]], [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
! Name<br /><small>Constituency
| [[Indian general election, 1952|1952]]
!colspan=2| Term of office
| Total: 489
! Tenure length
* INC: 364
!colspan=2| Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
* CPI: 16
! Election
|-
! Ref
| [[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 1
| 10 May 1957
| 31 March 1962
| [[Edouard Goubert]]
| 1 July 1963
| 4 years, 325 days
| [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
| 24 August 1964
| [[Indian general election, 1957|1957]]
| {{age in years and days|1963|7|1|1964|8|24}}
| Total: 494
|rowspan=4| [[Indian National Congress]]
* INC: 402
|rowspan=4 width=4px style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
* CPI: 29
| –
*
| –
|-
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| [[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]
| 2
| 16 April 1962
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]<br /><small>[[Nettapakkam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nettapacom]]
| 11 September 1964
| 3 March 1967
| 9 April 1967
| 4 years, 321 days
| [[Hukam Singh]]
| {{age in years and days|1964|8|24|1967|4|9}}
|rowspan=4| [[Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election, 1964|1964]]
| [[Indian general election, 1962|1962]]
| Total:
|rowspan=4| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1964/StatReport_PY_64.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1964, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
* INC:
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 3
|-
| [[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /><small>[[Karaikal North (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Karaikal North]]
| 9 April 1967
| 16 March 1967
| 6 March 1968
| 27 December 1970
| {{age in years and days|1967|4|9|1968|3|6}}
| 3 years, 286 days
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| [[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
| (2)
| Total:
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]<br /><small>[[Nettapakkam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nettapacom]]
* INC:
| 6 March 1968
|-
| 18 September 1968
| [[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]
| {{age in years and days|1968|3|6|1968|9|18}}
| 19 March 1971
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 18 January 1977
| –
| 5 years, 10 months, 6 days
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR|When [[President's rule]] is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005. Retrieved on 3 March 2013.</ref>}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]], [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
| 18 September 1968
| [[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
| 17 March 1969
| Total:
| {{age in years and days|1968|9|18|1969|3|17}}
* INC:
| N/A
|-
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
| [[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 25 March 1977
| (3)
| 22 August 1979
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /><small>[[Kalapet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Calapeth]]
| 2 years, 4 months and 28 days
| 17 March 1969
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[K. S. Hegde]]
| 3 January 1974
| [[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
| {{age in years and days|1969|3|17|1974|1|3}}
| Total:
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
* INC:
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|-
|rowspan=2| 1969
| [[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]
|rowspan=2|<ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatisticalReport%201969%20Pondicherry.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
| 21 January 1980
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 31 December 1984
| –
| 4 years, 345 days
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| [[Bal Ram Jakhar]]
| 3 January 1974
| [[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
| 6 March 1974
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]
| 15 January 1985
| 27 November 1989
| 4 years, 345 days
| [[Bal Ram Jakhar]]
| [[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]
| 18 December 1989
| 13 March 1991
| 1 year, 2 months and 25 days
| [[Rabi Ray]]
| [[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]
| 9 July 1991
| 10 May 1996
| 4 years, 10 months
| [[Shivraj V. Patil]]
| [[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]
| 22 May 1996
| 4 December 1997
| 1 year, 6 months and 13 days
| [[P. A. Sangma]]
| [[Indian general election, 1996|1996]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[12th Lok Sabha|Twelveth]]
| 23 March 1998
| 26 April 1999
| 1 year, 1 month and 4 days
| [[G. M. C. Balayogi]]
| [[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]
| 20 October 1999
| 6 February 2004
| 4 years, 112 days
| [[G. M. C. Balayogi]], [[Manohar Joshi]]
| [[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]
| 2 June 2004
| 18 May 2009
| 4 years, 351 days
| [[Somnath Chatterjee]]
| [[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
| Total:
* INC:
|-
| [[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]
| 1 June 2009
|
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 4
| [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]<br /><small>[[Karaikal South (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Karaikal South]]
| 6 March 1974
| 28 March 1974
|
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|rowspan=2| 1974
|rowspan=2|<ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%201974%20Pondicherry.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1974, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 28 March 1974
| 2 July 1977
|
|
| [[Meira Kumar]]
| N/A
| [[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (4)
| [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]<br /><small>[[Karaikal South (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Karaikal South]]
| 2 July 1977
| 12 November 1978
|
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|rowspan=2| 1977
|rowspan=2|<ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport-Pondicherry77.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 12 November 1978
| 16 January 1980
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 5
| [[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]<br /><small>[[Mannadipet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Mannadipet]]
| 16 January 1980
| 24 June 1983
|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|rowspan=2| 1980
|rowspan=2| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReport-Pondicherry80.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1980, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 24 June 1983
| 16 March 1985
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]<br /><small>[[Lawspet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Lawspet]]
| 16 March 1985
| 4 March 1990
|
|
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| 1985
| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReportPondicherry85.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1985, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (5)
| [[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]
| 8 March 1990
| 3 March 1991
|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|rowspan=2| 1990
|rowspan=2| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatisticalReport-Pondicherry89-90.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1990, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}}<br />([[President's rule]])
| 3 March 1991
| 4 July 1991
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 11
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /><small>
| 4 July 1991
| 13 May 1996
|
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
| 1991
| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Pondicherry91.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 12
| [[R. V. Janakiraman]]<br /><small>
| 26 May 1996
| 21 March 2000
|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color}}" |
|rowspan=2| 1996
|rowspan=2| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-PY96.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 13
| [[P. Shanmugam]]<br /><small>
| 22 March 2000
| 15 May 2001
|
|rowspan=5| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=5 width=4px style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 14
| P. Shanmugam
| 24 May 2001
| 26 October 2001
|
|rowspan=2| 2001
|rowspan=2| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRep_PY_%202001.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 15
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]<br /><small>
| 27 October 2001
| 12 May 2006
|
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 16
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]<br /><small>
| 13 May 2006
| 4 September 2008
|
|rowspan=2| 2006
|rowspan=2| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_PY_2006.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 17
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]<br /><small>
| 4 September 2008
| 14 May 2011
|
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 18
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]<br /><small>
| 17 May 2011
| ''Incumbent''
|
| [[All India N.R. Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: #FFC000" |
| [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, 2011|2011]]
| <ref>"[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/Stats_PY_2011.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of Puducherry]". Election Commission of India. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
|}
|}


== Prashant Kishor—sources ==
==Notes==

;Footnotes
===ET===
{{notelist}}

* ET1 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-07/news/42794656_1_cag-gujarat-cm-narendra-modi-vibrant-gujarat

* ET2 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-05-15/news/49873617_1_narendra-modi-prashant-kishor-pm-candidate

* ET3 http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-20/news/62413210_1_pm-narendra-modi-nitish-kumar-prashant-kishor/2

* ET4 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/meet-prashant-kishor-the-man-who-shaped-narendra-modi-and-nitish-kumar-campaigns-now-in-demand-globally/articleshow/49559637.cms

* ET5 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-verdict-prashant-kishor-does-it-again-this-time-for-nitish-kumar/articleshow/49717353.cms

* ET6 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/up-elections-after-narendra-modi-and-nitish-kumar-congress-enters-prashant-kishors-fan-club/articleshow/49837514.cms

===Telegraph===

* TELE1 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150723/jsp/frontpage/story_33229.jsp

* TELE2 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150724/jsp/frontpage/story_33373.jsp

* TELE3 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150805/jsp/frontpage/story_35529.jsp

* TELE4 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151016/jsp/frontpage/story_48287.jsp

* TELE5 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151109/jsp/nation/story_52204.jsp

* TELE6 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151109/jsp/nation/story_52238.jsp

* TELE7 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151115/jsp/bihar/story_53193.jsp

===Outlook===

* OUT1 http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-prashant-kishor-factor/295759

* OUT2 http://www.outlookindia.com/blogs/post/rejoinder-election-campaign-not-a-business/3654/12

===Misc===

* http://www.oneindia.com/india/modi-s-man-work-nitish-know-all-about-prashant-kishor-1753450.html

* http://www.ndtv.com/opinion/a-team-prashant-kishor-member-on-the-nitish-campaign-1242716

* http://www.livemint.com/Politics/z8ecilJSX0cpgom8dzZzeM/Relearning-Indian-politics-the-Prashant-Kishor-way.html

* http://www.firstpost.com/politics/behind-the-mahagathbandhans-bihar-win-take-a-bow-prashant-kishor-the-man-who-had-the-last-laugh-2500266.html

* http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/rahul-gandhi-meets-nitishs-poll-strategist-prashant-kishor/

* http://www.ndtv.com/bihar/after-pm-modi-nitish-kumar-team-prashant-kishore-on-winning-spree-1241514

* http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/11/18/prashant-kishor-next_n_8588602.html

* http://top10wala.in/prashant-kishor-biography-10-facts-about-man-who-helped-modi-nitish-kumar-campaign-win-election/

* http://scroll.in/article/768885/prashant-kishor-the-master-strategist-who-kept-the-mahagathbandhan-on-course

* http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/political-strategists-become-hot-property-after-bihar-polls-115111500346_1.html

* http://scroll.in/article/667401/meet-the-nonprofit-that-did-the-backroom-work-to-power-modi-to-victory

* http://ipious.blogspot.in/2015/11/prashant-kishore-biography-family-and.html


* http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sunday-story-the-leader-and-his-machine/
;References
{{reflist}}


* http://indiancag.org/#
==See also==
* [[Puducherry]]
* [[Chief Ministers of India]]
* [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Pondicherry (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry]]


* http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2014/02/new-style-indian-campaign
{{Chief_Ministers_of_Indian_States}}

Latest revision as of 18:49, 8 January 2016

The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Unlike the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha is not a continuous body. According to the Constitution of India, it has a maximum term of five years, following which the assembly is dissolved. The Lok Sabha currently consists of 543 members corresponding to as many territorial constituencies, each directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise in a first-past-the-post system. Since 1952, fifteen Lok Sabhas have been convened, after conducting as many general elections.

Lok Sabhas

[edit]
Lok Sabha Date of first meeting Date of dissolution Duration Speaker Election Party-wise composition
First 13 May 1952 4 April 1957 4 years, 327 days G. V. Mavalankar, M. A. Ayyangar 1952 Total: 489
  • INC: 364
  • CPI: 16
Second 10 May 1957 31 March 1962 4 years, 325 days M. A. Ayyangar 1957 Total: 494
  • INC: 402
  • CPI: 29
Third 16 April 1962 3 March 1967 4 years, 321 days Hukam Singh 1962 Total:
  • INC:
Fourth 16 March 1967 27 December 1970 3 years, 286 days Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Gurdial Singh Dhillon 1967 Total:
  • INC:
Fifth 19 March 1971 18 January 1977 5 years, 10 months, 6 days Gurdial Singh Dhillon, Bali Ram Bhagat 1971 Total:
  • INC:
Sixth 25 March 1977 22 August 1979 2 years, 4 months and 28 days Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, K. S. Hegde 1971 Total:
  • INC:
Seventh 21 January 1980 31 December 1984 4 years, 345 days Bal Ram Jakhar 1980 Total:
  • INC:
Eighth 15 January 1985 27 November 1989 4 years, 345 days Bal Ram Jakhar 1984 Total:
  • INC:
Ninth 18 December 1989 13 March 1991 1 year, 2 months and 25 days Rabi Ray 1989 Total:
  • INC:
Tenth 9 July 1991 10 May 1996 4 years, 10 months Shivraj V. Patil 1991 Total:
  • INC:
Eleventh 22 May 1996 4 December 1997 1 year, 6 months and 13 days P. A. Sangma 1996 Total:
  • INC:
Twelveth 23 March 1998 26 April 1999 1 year, 1 month and 4 days G. M. C. Balayogi 1998 Total:
  • INC:
Thirteenth 20 October 1999 6 February 2004 4 years, 112 days G. M. C. Balayogi, Manohar Joshi 1999 Total:
  • INC:
Fourteenth 2 June 2004 18 May 2009 4 years, 351 days Somnath Chatterjee 2004 Total:
  • INC:
Fifteenth 1 June 2009 Meira Kumar 2009

Prashant Kishor—sources

[edit]

ET

[edit]

Telegraph

[edit]

Outlook

[edit]

Misc

[edit]
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