Caroline Mikkelsen: Difference between revisions
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== Antarctic exploration == |
== Antarctic exploration == |
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In the winter of 1934-1935, Mikkelsen accompanied her Norwegian husband, Captain [[Klarius Mikkelsen]], on an Antarctic expedition sponsored by [[Lars Christensen]], on the resupply vessel ''Thorshavn,'' with instructions to look for Antarctic lands that could be [[Annexation|annexed]] for [[Norway]].<ref name="tas">{{cite news|url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contentHandler.cfm?id=1954|title=Famous firsts Long list of accomplishments by women in Antarctica|date=13 November 2009|newspaper=The Antarctic Sun|accessdate=2012}}</ref><ref name=" |
In the winter of 1934-1935, Mikkelsen accompanied her Norwegian husband, Captain [[Klarius Mikkelsen]], on an Antarctic expedition sponsored by [[Lars Christensen]], on the resupply vessel ''Thorshavn,'' with instructions to look for Antarctic lands that could be [[Annexation|annexed]] for [[Norway]].<ref name="tas">{{cite news|url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/features/contentHandler.cfm?id=1954|title=Famous firsts Long list of accomplishments by women in Antarctica|date=13 November 2009|newspaper=The Antarctic Sun|accessdate=2012}}</ref><ref name="Frozen" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p316261/pdf/Frozen-voices-Women-silence-and-Antarctica.pdf|title=Frozen voices: Women, silence and Antarctica|last=Blackadder|first=Jesse|date=2015|website=|publisher=ANU Press|access-date=}}</ref> [[Mount Caroline Mikkelsen]] is named for her.<ref name="ag">{{cite web|title=Antarctic Gazetteer|url=http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=117379|work=Antarctic Gazetteer|publisher=Australian Antarctic Data Centre|accessdate=2012-03-03}}</ref> |
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On 20 February 1935, the expedition made landfall somewhere on the Antarctic continent.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last=Dean|first=Cornelia|title=After a Struggle, Women Win A Place 'on the Ice'; In Labs and in the Field, a New Outlook|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/10/science/after-struggle-women-win-place-ice-labs-field-new-outlook.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|accessdate=2012-02-03|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 November 1998}}</ref> Mikkelsen left the ship and participated raising the Norwegian flag and in building a memorial [[cairn]].<ref>[http://www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/resources/treaty/meetings/xx-utrecht/p2annexb.html ANNEX B MEASURES Measure I (1996) -- Revised Description and Management Plan for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)], by the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]; archived at the [[University of Canterbury]]; published 1996; retrieved 20 April 2014</ref> Mikkelsen never made any recorded claims to have landed on the mainland, but was was initially though to have landed the [[Vestfold Hills]] not far from the present [[Davis Station]].<ref name="development.tas.gov.au" /> She did not publicly speak about her Antarctic voyage until Sixty years after her landing in 1995 when she spoke about her journey to the Norwegian newspaper ''[[Aftenposten]]'' having been contacted by Davis Station Leader Diane Patterson.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fr-online.de/panorama/abenteurerin-der-eisige-tag-der-caroline-mikkelsen,1472782,29905062.html|title=Abenteurerin: Der eisige Tag der Caroline Mikkelsen|last=|first=|date=2015-02-19|work=|publisher=Frankfurter Rundshau|newspaper=fr-online.de|language=de|trans-title=Adventurer: The icy day of Caroline Mikkelsen|access-date=2016-07-10|via=}}</ref> |
On 20 February 1935, the expedition made landfall somewhere on the Antarctic continent.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last=Dean|first=Cornelia|title=After a Struggle, Women Win A Place 'on the Ice'; In Labs and in the Field, a New Outlook|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/10/science/after-struggle-women-win-place-ice-labs-field-new-outlook.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|accessdate=2012-02-03|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 November 1998}}</ref> Mikkelsen left the ship and participated raising the Norwegian flag and in building a memorial [[cairn]].<ref>[http://www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/resources/treaty/meetings/xx-utrecht/p2annexb.html ANNEX B MEASURES Measure I (1996) -- Revised Description and Management Plan for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)], by the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]; archived at the [[University of Canterbury]]; published 1996; retrieved 20 April 2014</ref> Mikkelsen never made any recorded claims to have landed on the mainland, but was was initially though to have landed the [[Vestfold Hills]] not far from the present [[Davis Station]].<ref name="development.tas.gov.au" /> She did not publicly speak about her Antarctic voyage until Sixty years after her landing in 1995 when she spoke about her journey to the Norwegian newspaper ''[[Aftenposten]]'' having been contacted by Davis Station Leader Diane Patterson.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.fr-online.de/panorama/abenteurerin-der-eisige-tag-der-caroline-mikkelsen,1472782,29905062.html|title=Abenteurerin: Der eisige Tag der Caroline Mikkelsen|last=|first=|date=2015-02-19|work=|publisher=Frankfurter Rundshau|newspaper=fr-online.de|language=de|trans-title=Adventurer: The icy day of Caroline Mikkelsen|access-date=2016-07-10|via=}}</ref> |
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In 1998 and 2002, three Australian researchers published historical articles articles in the ''[[Polar Record]]'' arguing that the Christensen-sponsored 1935 expedition—and thus Mikkelsen—landed on the [[Tryne Islands]] (where a [[Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|marker at Mikkelsen's Cairn]] can still be seen today),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ats.aq/devPH/apa/ep_protected_detail.aspx?type=1&id=146&lang=e|title=HSM-72|last=|first=|date=|website=ats.aq|publisher=Area Protection and Management|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref><ref name="atcm">{{cite web|url=http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|title=List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)|last=|first=|year=2012|publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat|accessdate=2014-01-05|work=}}</ref> and not the Antarctic mainland as was previously widely believed.<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=5426736 Klarius Mikkelsen's 1935 landing in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: some fiction and some facts] , in the ''[[Polar Record]]'', Volume 34 / Issue 191 / October 1998, pp 293-304, from [[Cambridge University Press]]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Norman|first=F.i.|last2=Gibson|first2=J.a.e.|last3=Jones|first3=R.t.|last4=Burgess|first4=J.s.|date=2002-10-01|title=Klarius Mikkelsen's landing site: some further notes on the 1935 Norwegian visit to the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0032247400018015|journal=Polar Record|volume=38|issue=207|pages=323–328|doi=10.1017/S0032247400018015|issn=1475-3057}}</ref> |
In 1998 and 2002, three Australian researchers published historical articles articles in the ''[[Polar Record]]'' arguing that the Christensen-sponsored 1935 expedition—and thus Mikkelsen—landed on the [[Tryne Islands]] (where a [[Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|marker at Mikkelsen's Cairn]] can still be seen today),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ats.aq/devPH/apa/ep_protected_detail.aspx?type=1&id=146&lang=e|title=HSM-72|last=|first=|date=|website=ats.aq|publisher=Area Protection and Management|access-date=2016-07-10}}</ref><ref name="atcm">{{cite web|url=http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|title=List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)|last=|first=|year=2012|publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat|accessdate=2014-01-05|work=}}</ref> and not the Antarctic mainland as was previously widely believed.<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=5426736 Klarius Mikkelsen's 1935 landing in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: some fiction and some facts] , in the ''[[Polar Record]]'', Volume 34 / Issue 191 / October 1998, pp 293-304, from [[Cambridge University Press]]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Norman|first=F.i.|last2=Gibson|first2=J.a.e.|last3=Jones|first3=R.t.|last4=Burgess|first4=J.s.|date=2002-10-01|title=Klarius Mikkelsen's landing site: some further notes on the 1935 Norwegian visit to the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0032247400018015|journal=Polar Record|volume=38|issue=207|pages=323–328|doi=10.1017/S0032247400018015|issn=1475-3057}}</ref> |
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No alternative mainland landing site for the Mikkelsen party has been discovered, in spite of years of searching by [[Davis Station]] workers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jesse|first=Blackadder|date=2013|title=Illuminations : casting light upon the earliest female travellers to Antarctica|url=http://researchdirect.uws.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:22583|journal=|volume=|issue=|pages=59-60|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=" |
No alternative mainland landing site for the Mikkelsen party has been discovered, in spite of years of searching by [[Davis Station]] workers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jesse|first=Blackadder|date=2013|title=Illuminations : casting light upon the earliest female travellers to Antarctica|url=http://researchdirect.uws.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:22583|journal=|volume=|issue=|pages=59-60|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="Crary">{{Cite journal|last=Crary|first=M|date=1978|title=It’s about time!|url=|journal=Newsletter of the Antarctican Society|volume=|issue=3–7|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 22:48, 10 July 2016
Caroline Mikkelsen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1906 |
| Died | Late 1990s |
| Known for | First woman on an Antarctic island |
| Title | Denmark |
Caroline Mikkelsen (1906 – late 1990s), was born in Denmark and in 1935 was the first woman to set foot on Antarctica,[1] although whether this was on the mainland or an island is a matter of dispute.
Antarctic exploration
In the winter of 1934-1935, Mikkelsen accompanied her Norwegian husband, Captain Klarius Mikkelsen, on an Antarctic expedition sponsored by Lars Christensen, on the resupply vessel Thorshavn, with instructions to look for Antarctic lands that could be annexed for Norway.[2][3][4] Mount Caroline Mikkelsen is named for her.[5]
On 20 February 1935, the expedition made landfall somewhere on the Antarctic continent.[6] Mikkelsen left the ship and participated raising the Norwegian flag and in building a memorial cairn.[7] Mikkelsen never made any recorded claims to have landed on the mainland, but was was initially though to have landed the Vestfold Hills not far from the present Davis Station.[1] She did not publicly speak about her Antarctic voyage until Sixty years after her landing in 1995 when she spoke about her journey to the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten having been contacted by Davis Station Leader Diane Patterson.[8]
In 1998 and 2002, three Australian researchers published historical articles articles in the Polar Record arguing that the Christensen-sponsored 1935 expedition—and thus Mikkelsen—landed on the Tryne Islands (where a marker at Mikkelsen's Cairn can still be seen today),[9][10] and not the Antarctic mainland as was previously widely believed.[11][12]
No alternative mainland landing site for the Mikkelsen party has been discovered, in spite of years of searching by Davis Station workers.[13][14]
References
- ^ a b "Women in Antarctica: Sharing this Life-Changing Experience", transcript of speech by Robin Burns, given at the 4th Annual Phillip Law Lecture; Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; 18 June 2005. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ "Famous firsts Long list of accomplishments by women in Antarctica". The Antarctic Sun. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 2012.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Frozenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Blackadder, Jesse (2015). "Frozen voices: Women, silence and Antarctica" (PDF). ANU Press.
- ^ "Antarctic Gazetteer". Antarctic Gazetteer. Australian Antarctic Data Centre. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ Dean, Cornelia (10 November 1998). "After a Struggle, Women Win A Place 'on the Ice'; In Labs and in the Field, a New Outlook". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
- ^ ANNEX B MEASURES Measure I (1996) -- Revised Description and Management Plan for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), by the Antarctic Treaty System; archived at the University of Canterbury; published 1996; retrieved 20 April 2014
- ^ "Abenteurerin: Der eisige Tag der Caroline Mikkelsen" [Adventurer: The icy day of Caroline Mikkelsen]. fr-online.de (in German). Frankfurter Rundshau. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
- ^ "HSM-72". ats.aq. Area Protection and Management. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
- ^ "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ Klarius Mikkelsen's 1935 landing in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: some fiction and some facts , in the Polar Record, Volume 34 / Issue 191 / October 1998, pp 293-304, from Cambridge University Press
- ^ Norman, F.i.; Gibson, J.a.e.; Jones, R.t.; Burgess, J.s. (1 October 2002). "Klarius Mikkelsen's landing site: some further notes on the 1935 Norwegian visit to the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica". Polar Record. 38 (207): 323–328. doi:10.1017/S0032247400018015. ISSN 1475-3057.
- ^ Jesse, Blackadder (2013). "Illuminations : casting light upon the earliest female travellers to Antarctica": 59–60.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Crary, M (1978). "It's about time!". Newsletter of the Antarctican Society (3–7).
