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Please leave me messages on my [[User talk:Ram-Man|talk page]] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EmailUser/Ram-Man email me].
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{{User:Ram-Man/Userboxes}}


<small>
{{-}}
See also:
*[[commons:User:Ram-Man|My user page]] on Wikimedia Commons
*My [https://derekramsey.com/ personal website]
</small>
== About Me ==
Hi, I'm Derek Ramsey, an avid Wikipedia supporter (since September, 2002) and former [[Wikipedia:administrators|administrator]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship&oldid=1088170]). Here I am most well known for having authored thousands of articles on U.S. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Cities|cities]] and [[Wikipedia:WikiProject U.S. Counties|counties]] using the [[User:rambot|rambot]] and other automatic article generation techniques. I've also contributed to numerous other areas including:
*Writing the official [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot policy]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Bot_policy&oldid=385388])
*Developing article citation ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Web_reference&oldid=8212813][https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&oldid=40546138][https://xkcd.com/978/])
*The [[User:Seth Ilys/Dot Project#Status:|dot project]] for Pennsylvania (see [[commons:Category:Images_by_Derek_Ramsey|the images]])
*Attempting to [[User talk:Ram-Man/MLFAQ|multilicense Wikipedia]] (See [[User:Rambot#Progress|progress]])
*Uploaded lots of photos ([[commons:Category:Featured pictures by Derek Ramsey|featured pictures]]) for use in articles like [[Monarch butterfly]].


I am happily married and living with my wife Julie and kids ([http://articles.philly.com/2015-10-07/entertainment/67202060_1_julie-addie-cerebral-palsy see our 2015 newspaper article]) in the [[United States of America|U.S.]] near [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]. I have a B.S. degree in [[computer science]] and M.S. in Software Development and Management from the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]]. I am a [[software engineering]] [[manager]] at Sensaphone. I'm a [[photographer]], [[aquarist]], [[woodworking|woodworker]]/[[carpentry|carpenter]], [[chef]], and [[gardener]]. I play [[chess]] as a hobby with an official [[United States Chess Federation|USCF]] [[ELO rating system|rating]] of [http://www.uschess.org/msa/MbrDtlMain.php?20103509 1679]. In the past I've preached in the [[Church of the Brethren]] [[religious denomination|denomination]].
{{Infobox person
| name = Derek Ramsey
| image = File:Derek Lee Ramsey Photo.jpg
| caption = Derek Ramsey, 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|05|22}}
| birth_place = [[Ephrata, Pennsylvania]]
| nationality = American
| other_names = [[User:Ram-Man|Ram-Man]]
| known_for = [[Wikipedia]] [[bot]]
| alma_mater = [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] ([[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] and [[Master of Science|M.S.]])
| occupation = Software Engineering Manager
}}


Having a strong background in [[mathematics]], I am naturally drawn to [[software engineering|programming]] and [[statistics]], which is part of the reason for the creation of the various geographic articles from gigabytes of [[Wikipedia:Geographic references|raw public domain data]]. I also enjoy writing about topics that have local implications for my birthplace in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]], Pennsylvania, such as the [[List of covered bridges in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|section]] on [[covered bridge]]s. I also have an interest in health related topics partially due to my wife, an [[Occupational Therapy|Occupational Therapist]]. One of my hobbies is as an [[aquarist]], and so I have written many articles of a variety of [[List of freshwater aquarium fish species|freshwater fish species]].
'''Derek Lee Ramsey''' (born May 22, 1980 in [[Ephrata, Pennsylvania|Ephrata]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States|U.S.]]<ref name=Ramsey/>) is a contributor to the [[English Wikipedia|English-language Wikipedia]], who is known most for his activity in October 2002, where he created a [[Internet bot|bot]] to create [[Wikipedia:Stub|stubs]] for every missing [[County (United States)|county]], town, city, and, village in the United States, based on [[libre|free]] information from the United States [[Census]] of 2000. He thus increased the number of Wikipedia articles by up to 36,973.<ref name=Lih/> This has been called "the most controversial move in Wikipedia history".<ref name=Lih/> An article in ''Wired News'' in 2005 referred to him as the "No. 1 most active Wikipedian".<ref name=Terdiman/><ref name=Pink/>


Between my three user accounts (including the [[Wikipedia:Bots|bot]]), I'm approaching 200,000 edits on Wikipedia and have at times early in Wikipedia's history had the highest number of raw edit counts. As a result of the sheer number of edits combined with the controversy sometimes caused by those changes and the attention that it has brought me, I have been mentioned by name in a number of articles, web sites, academic research reports, and a book:
==Wikipedia==
*''[http://www.amazon.com/Wikipedia-Revolution-Nobodies-Greatest-Encyclopedia/dp/1401303714 Wikipedia Revolution]'' by [[User:Fuzheado|Andrew Lih]]
Ramsey joined Wikipedia on September 8, 2002<ref name="wiki-join"/>, having first heard about Wikipedia and [[Nupedia]] on [[Slashdot]]<ref name="slashdot26july"/><ref name=Ramsey-links/>. He was made an [[Wikipedia:administrators|administrator]] in June, 2003 and became a former administrator due to inactivity on July 3, 2011.<ref name="wiki-admin"/><ref name="inactivity"/> He has 196,000 edits using the user accounts [[User:Ram-Man]], [[User:RM]], and [[User:Rambot]].<ref name="editcount"/><ref name="Anderson"/>
*''[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.03/wiki.html WIRED Magazine: The Book Stops Here]''
*''[http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/03/66814?currentPage=all WIRED News: Wiki Becomes a Way of Life]''
*''[http://www.netclearly.com/index.php?cat=61&art=126 Wikipedia: The People's Encyclopedia]''
*''[http://www.citebase.org/fulltext?format=application/pdf&identifier=oai:arXiv.org:cs/0512085 Analyzing and Visualizing the Semantic Coverage of Wikipedia and its Authors]''
*''[http://troyharvey.com/files/Peer%20Collaboration%20to%20Maintain%20Hypertext%20Collections.pdf Peer Collaboration to Maintain Hypertext Collections]''
*''[http://tallskinnykiwi.typepad.com/tallskinnykiwi/2005/03/the_people_behi.html The People Behind Wiki]''
*''[http://greatmap.blogspot.com/2005_03_01_greatmap_archive.html Great Map]
*''[http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/09/28/answering_wikipedias_call_to_fill_in_the_blanks/?page=2 Answering Wikipedia's call to fill in the blanks] (Not mentioned by name, only by rambot content)
*''[[History of Wikipedia]]''


== Images and Image Licensing ==
===Rambot===
As a photographer I've taken thousands of pictures. I'm in the process of uploading more to Wikipedia with the goal of making Wikipedia articles contain high quality, professional-looking pictures. There are too many images to list on this page, but you can see the complete list of [[commons:Category:Photographs_by_Derek_Ramsey|Photographs by Derek Ramsey]]. Please see that page for photo licensing information or the [[commons:User:Ram-Man/Licensing Guide|Licensing Guide]].
Immediately upon joining Wikipedia, he started working on articles related to geography. Realizing that articles on many places in the [[U.S.]] did not exist, he turned to the Census Bureau and other public sources of [[Wikipedia:Geographic references|geographic data]], such as [[Geographic coordinate system|coordinates]].<ref name="Anderson"/><ref name="livingstoneint"/> The data was compiled into a unified database. From this source data, text for 3,141 county articles was generated and he manually copied and pasted them into new Wikipedia pages.<ref name=Lih/><ref name="rambot-faq"/> After generating the data for over 30,000 cities, it became apparent that manually creating articles would take too long, perhaps months.<ref name=Lih/> Ramsey put his Java programming skills to use and made a bot that would upload each generated article one by one.<ref name=Pink/><ref name=Terdiman/><ref name=Lih/><ref name="livingstonedis"/>


Some of my favorites:
[[File:EnwikipediagrowthGom.PNG|thumb|right|The "rambot spike" in late 2002 into early 2003]]
<gallery>
Wikipedia had just passed its 50,000th article on September 30, 2002‎, [[Bryan County, Georgia]], a county article created by Ramsey.<ref name="villagepump"/> Starting with [[Autaugaville, Alabama]] on October 5, 2002, he started manually adding the city articles one by one.‎ On October 18, 2002, he ran the bot for the first time, creating [[Fort Defiance, Arizona]]. The bot added thousands of articles per day until it completed its first run on October 25, 2002 on [[Upton, Wyoming]].<ref name="Kaplan"/> Over this time it increased the article count of Wikipedia by approximately 60%.<ref name="livingstonedis"/> It continued to run into early 2003 creating articles that could not be created during the first run due to naming problems and generating disambiguation pages. The result was the "rambot spike" shown in Wikipedia article count and growth graphs.<ref name=Lih/>
Image:Jackson's Sawmill Covered Bridge Three Quarters View 3264px.jpg
Image:Fulmer Falls Closeup 3000px.jpg
File:Ivy Hedera Red Brick Wall 2892px.jpg
Image:Amur Tiger Panthera tigris altaica Eye 2112px.jpg
</gallery>


== Rambot ==
As the article count climbed, so to did the criticism. Some compared the article content to entries in a phone book<ref name="phonebook"/>, citing [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not]].<ref name=Lih/> Some worried about it degrading the overall quality of Wikipedia.<ref name="livingstonedis"/> The "Random article" feature was rendered useless because it would return a boilerplate city article about half the time.<ref name="livingstoneint"/> The rambot had created so many orphan articles that the "orphan pages" feature used by some editors had to be abandoned<ref name="orphans"/>. Some of the articles created had incorrect data.<ref name="niederer"/><ref name="dijck"/> The rambot also [[Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots|uncovered a bug]] in the article counter that had inflated the count of the number of articles in Wikipedia.<ref name=Lih/><ref name="livingstoneint"/>
For information pertaining to the ''rambot'' see [[User talk:Rambot|FAQ]] or [[User:rambot|other information]].


<gallery heights=250 widths=350>
[[Deletionism and inclusionism in Wikipedia|Deletionists]] thought that the minor cities should be outright deleted, while the inclusionists argued to keep them.<ref name="livingstonedis"/> Eventually a consensus was reached and the none of the articles were deleted.<ref name=Lih/><ref name="livingstoneint"/> The outrage generated policy discussions that would one day turn into policies such as [[Wikipedia:Notability]].<ref name="livingstoneint"/>
File:EnwikipediagrowthGom.PNG|Notice the so-called "rambot bump" in late 2002.
</gallery>


<!--{{User:Ram-Man/international}}-->
Perhaps the most serious problem was with the "Recent Changes" feature (and to a lesser extent contributor watchlists).<ref name="livingstonedis"/> Many editors used the feature to check for article vandalism, but could not find the articles through the hundreds of bot changes.<ref name="recentchanges"/> The bot had to be slowed to one modification per second or slower, which also cut down on server load.<ref name="livingstonedis"/>
<!--{{User:Ram-Man/domestic}}-->
----
<br style="clear:all;">
|}
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<!-- Warning -->
{{User:Ram-Man/WikipediaUser}}


<!-- Derek Ramsey's Top Icons -->
Eventually the Wikipedia software developers created a "bot flag" that allowed bot changes to be hidden from recent changes listings by default.<ref name="botflag"/> After demands from the community that bots be regulated, Ramsey authored the first official [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot policy]] to manage the bot flag. Owners of bots had to prove that their bots conformed to policy to be approve and be granted the flag.<ref name="botpolicy"/> He served for a time on the Bot Approvals Group, defending it from accusations of being a technical cabal.<ref name="livingstoneint"/><ref name="livingstonedis"/>
<!--{{User:Ram-Man/BAG}}-->
<!--{{User:Ram-Man/Admin}}-->


<!-- Bot Instructions -->
In early 2004, Wikipedia user [[User:Seth Ilys|Seth Ilys]] started the [[User:Seth Ilys/Dot Project#Status:|Dot Project]] to add maps to the rambot-created pages.<ref name="Lih"/> Ramsey signed up to do [[Pennsylvania]], uploading [[:Commons:Category:Images by Derek Ramsey|more than a thousand maps]].<ref name="dotproject"/>
{{bots|deny=all}}


<!-- Categories -->
===Multilicensing===
[[Category:Inclusionist Wikipedians|Ram-Man]]
[[File:NYC meetup 3.jpg|right|thumb|[[Jimmy Wales]] and Derek Ramsey at a Wikipedia meetup in [[NYC]] in December 2004]]
With the introduction and growing popularity of [[Creative Commons]] licenses and the [[meta:Licensing_update/Questions_and_Answers#Why_move.3F|problems with the GFDL]], there was a growing desire to either fix the GFDL or change to the [[CC BY-SA]] license. The [[Wikipedia:Meta|Wikimedia meta-wiki]] "[[meta:Guide to the dual-license|Guide to the dual-license]]" was started in January 2004 to raise awareness. A few users agreed to multi-license their changes using the instructions provided.


__NOTOC__
On May 26, 2004, Wikipedia user [[User:Zhen Lin|Zhen Lin]] introduced a dual-licensing [[Wikipedia:Template messages|template]] to the English Wikipedia to make it easier to dual-license changes.<ref name="zhenlin"/> Following this, in November 2004, Ramsey created the Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Multi-licensing|multi-licensing guide]] along with a new collection of templates and started asking users on their User talk page to multi-license their changes so that the rambot articles could be used in Creative Commons licensed works.<ref name="multilicense"/> Many users agreed to multi-license some or all of their contributions, including a member of the Board of Trustees for the [[Wikimedia Foundation]].<ref name="Angela"/>

At its peak, 12.8% of all users with at least 100 edits and almost 30% (or 1.5 million) main namespace edits were multi-licensed.<ref name=licenseprogress/> The success alarmed [[Jimmy Wales]], founder of Wikipedia. He was concerned that Ramsey was trying to fork Wikipedia. The two met at the [[New York City]] [[Wikipedia:Meetup|Wikipedia meetup]] on December 12, 2004 where they discussed the issue.<ref name="meetup"/> As a result he created a new template designed to give the Wikimedia Foundation permission to choose the license for the changes.<ref name="wikilicense"/> This method prevented anyone from forking Wikipedia while still allowing the Foundation licensing flexibility.

[[File:WMF License Grant.png|600px|thumb|center|This template was placed on user pages to grant the Wikimedia Foundation permission to re-license that user's works.]]

Ramsey soon abandoned his efforts when it became clear that the Wikimedia Foundation, Creative Commons, and [[Free Software Foundation]] were working together to make the Creative Commons Share Alike license compatible with the GFDL, eliminating the need for the multi-licensing effort. Wikipedia dual licensed in 2009.<ref name="dual"/>

===Article Citation===
In December 2004, frustrated by the lack of an easy way to cite sources when writing Wikipedia articles, Ramsey created a template to make citations for web sites.<ref name="webref"/> Through extensive development by other users, it grew in capability and scope.<ref name="citeweb"/> As of 2016, it is used in more than 2 million pages. The template, [[Template:Cite web|Cite web]], was the subject of an [[xkcd]] comic.<ref name="xkcd"/>

==Photography==
[[File:The Longest Journey Painting Sarah Barr.jpg|right|thumb|150px|A painting by Sarah Barr based on one of Ramsey's photos.]]
Ramsey joined Wikimedia Commons on November 4, 2004. He has uploaded [[:Commons:Category:Photographs by Derek Ramsey|more than 2000 photos]].<ref name="Anderson"/>

Ramsey took many photos of [[Monarch butterfly|monarch butterflies]] and [[milkweed]]s to illustrate these Wikipedia articles. It soon became clear that these images could be used to advocate for butterfly in the face of declining butterfly populations. The photos have been used to illustrate an academic paper<ref name="ubc.ca"/>, a cover article for the [[American Botanical Council]] HerbalGram peer-reviewed journal<ref name="abc"/>, a [[Xerces Society]] conservation group website<ref name="xerces"/>, the cover of a book<ref name="conservation"/>, and articles by [[Popular Science]]<ref name="popsci"/>, [[National Geographic]]<ref name="natgeo"/>, and the [[Associated Press]]<ref name="ap"/>.

In 2013, Sarah Barr made an oil painting based on one of Ramsey's monarch butterfly photos. The painting was created for [[Rally on the Runway]] to auction to raise money for childhood cancer research.
<ref name="crystal-clear"/> It has sold twice at auction, raising $3,750 in 2013 and $9,000 in 2015.<ref name="sarah-painting"/>

==Chess==
In high school, Ramsey played in the Pennsylvania State scholastic team chess tournament at [[Bloomsburg University]], scoring 2.5/5 in 1996 and 3/5 in 1995, 1997, and 1998. He lost to [[Greg Shahade]] of [[Julia R. Masterman School]] in the opening round of the 1996 tournament, the same year the school won their first of four National High School Chess Championships. That same year he tied for first in a local tournament with a score of 3.5/4, as the 5th seed out of 16. His official [[United States Chess Federation|USCF]] [[ELO rating system|rating]] is [http://www.uschess.org/msa/MbrDtlMain.php?20103509 1679]. The highest rated player he has beaten was rated 2041.<ref name="uschess"/>

==Education==
Ramsey attended [[Lancaster Mennonite School|Lancaster Mennonite High School]] <ref name=parenttrip/>. He received a [[B.S.]] with highest honors in [[computer science]] in 2003 and a [[M.S.]] in [[software development]] and [[management]] in 2010 from the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]].<ref name=Lih/> He is currently a Software Engineering Manager.<ref name="linkedin"/>

==Personal Life==
Derek is married to Julie Ramsey, an [[Occupational_therapy|occupational therapist]], and has four children: [[:commons:Category:Photographs by Avery Ramsey|Avery]], Logan, Addilyn, and Lucy. The latter two are both adopted from [[China]]. They reside in [[Aston, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=parenttrip/> He has preached in the [[Church of the Brethren]] [[religious denomination|denomination]].<ref name="church"/> His hobbies include photography, woodworking, cooking, gardening, chess, aquariums and computers.<ref name=Terdiman/>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name=Ramsey>{{Cite web|first=Derek L.|last=Ramsey|title=Ram-Man|website=www.rit.edu|url=http://www.rit.edu/~dlr1225/me.html|archive-date=April 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040916190239/http://www.rit.edu/~dlr1225/me.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Ramsey-links>{{Cite web|first=Derek L.|last=Ramsey|title=Ram-Man|website=www.rit.edu|url=http://www.rit.edu/~dlr1225/links.html|archive-date=April 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010826073705/http://www.rit.edu/~dlr1225/links.html}}</ref>
<ref name=Lih>{{cite book|last=Lih|first=Andrew|title=The Wikipedia Revolution|date=March 17, 2009|publisher=Hachette Digital, Inc|isbn=9781401395858|pages=99–108|url=https://books.google.com/?id=AWuZAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Derek+Ramsey+%28Wikipedian%29%22#v=onepage&q=%22Derek%20Ramsey%20%28Wikipedian%29%22&f=false|authorlink=Andrew Lih}}</ref>
<ref name=Terdiman>{{cite web|last=Terdiman|first=Daniel|title=Wiki Becomes a Way of Life|url=http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/03/66814?currentPage=all|archive-date=April 8, 2016|archive-url=http://archive.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/03/66814?currentPage=all|publisher=WIRED|accessdate=March 14, 2014|date=March 8, 2005}}</ref>
<ref name=Pink>{{Cite magazine|title=The Book Stops Here|first=Daniel H.|last=Pink|magazine=WIRED|date=March 1, 2005|url=http://www.wired.com/2005/03/wiki/}}</ref>
<ref name="wiki-join">{{Cite web|title=User:Ram-Man|website=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ram-Man&oldid=204233|date=September 8, 2002|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="slashdot26july">{{cite web |title = Britannica and Free Content |url = http://slashdot.org/articles/01/07/26/0312258.shtml |publisher = Slashdot |date = 26 July 2001}}</ref>
<ref name="wiki-admin">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship&oldid=1088170 [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship]] history]</ref>
<ref name=parenttrip>{{Cite newspaper|title=The Parent Trip: Julie and Derek Ramsey of Aston|first=Anndee|last=Hochman|publisher=The Inquirer|date=October 7, 2015|url=http://articles.philly.com/2015-10-07/entertainment/67202060_1_julie-addie-cerebral-palsy|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="editcount">[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ACentralAuth&target=Rambot Rambot edit count][https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ACentralAuth&target=RM RM edit count][https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ACentralAuth&target=Ram-Man Ram-Man edit count]</ref>
<ref name="linkedin">https://www.linkedin.com/in/ramman LinkedIn profile</ref>
<ref name="rambot-faq">[[User talk:Rambot]]: Rambot FAQ</ref>
<ref name="villagepump">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_archive_2004-09-26&oldid=375504#50.2C000th_article 50,000 article reference]</ref>
<ref name="phonebook">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Bot_policy&oldid=385423 Bot policy discussion]</ref>
<ref name="orphans">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Village_pump_archive_2004-09-26&diff=prev&oldid=375558 Village pump orphan page discussion]</ref>
<ref name="niederer">{{Cite Journal|first1=S.|last1=Niederer|first2=J.|last2=van Dijck|year=2010|institution=Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis|title=Wisdom of the crowd or technicity of content? Wikipedia as a sociotechnical system|url=http://dare.uva.nl/document/2/90402}}</ref>
<ref name="dijck">{{Cite book|first1=Jose|last1=van Dijck|title=The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Culture_of_Connectivity.html?id=A6BqrWGIaFIC|publisher=Oxford University Press USA|date=Mar 21, 2013|isbn=978-0199970780}}</ref>
<ref name="zhenlin">[[Template:DualLicenseWithCC-BySA]]</ref>
<ref name="multilicense">[[Template:DualLicenseWithCC-BySA-Dual]], [[Template:DualLicenseWithCC-BySA-2.0]], [[Template:MultiLicenseMinorPD]], [[Template:MultiLicensePD]], [[Template:MultiLicenseWithCC-BySA-Any]]</ref>
<ref name="wikilicense">{{Cite web|title=Template:WikimediaTextLicensing|website=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:WikimediaTextLicensing&oldid=660005681|date=April 30, 2015|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name=licenseprogress>{{Cite web|title=User:Rambot#Progress|website=Wikipedia|first=Derek|last=Ramsey|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rambot&oldid=713977737|access-date=April 11, 2016}}
</ref>
<ref name="meetup">{{Cite web|website=Wikipedia|title=Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/December 2004|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/December_2004|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="ubc.ca">{{Cite web|title=BC's Coast Region: Species & Ecosystems of Conservation Concern Monarch (Danaus plexippus)|url=http://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/factsheets/pdf/Danaus_plexippus.pdf|publisher=University of British Columbia|date=March 2011|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="xerces">{{Cite web|title=Western Monarch Count Resource Center|url=http://www.westernmonarchcount.org/|publisher=Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation|date=2016|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="abc">{{Cite journal|title=Milkweed: Medicine of Monarchs and Humans|issue=101|page=38–47|journal=HerbalGram|publisher=American Botanical Council|date=February 2014|first=Lindsay Stafford|last=Mader|url=http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbalgram/issue101/HG101-feat-monarchmilkweed.html?ts=1460137721&signature=b0c51d72bd81f16b860a1b7443bf8644|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="natgeo">{{Cite web|publisher=National Geographic|department=Phenomena|last=Yong|first=Ed|title=Chinese Mantis Guts Its Toxic Caterpillar Prey|url=http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/25/chinese-mantis-guts-its-toxic-caterpillar-prey/|date=January 25, 2013|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="popsci">{{Cite web|publisher=Popular Science|title=Americans Would Pay $4 Billion To Save Monarch Butterflies|date=November 5, 2013|last=Diep|first=Francie|url=http://www.popsci.com/article/science/americans-would-pay-4-billion-save-monarch-butterflies|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="ap">{{Cite web|title=How California’s Drought Is Helping Monarch Butterflies|publisher=Associated Press|website=kqed.org|first=Gillian|last=Flaccus|url=http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/20/how-californias-drought-is-helping-monarch-butterflies|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="conservation">{{Cite book|title=Conservation of Shared Environments: Learning from the United States and Mexico|editor1-last=López-Hoffman |editor1-first=Laura |editor2-last=McGovern |editor2-first=Emily D. |editor3-last=Varady |editor3-first=Robert G. |editor4-last=Flessa |editor4-first=Karl W.|isbn=978-0816528783|access-date=April 10, 2016}}. Cover</ref>
<ref name="crystal-clear">{{Cite web|title=Sarah's Journey: Crystal Clear|website=journeywithsarah.wordpress.com|url=https://journeywithsarah.wordpress.com/2013/04/17/crystal-clear/|date=April 17, 2013|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="sarah-painting">{{Cite web|title=Sarah's Journey: Rally on the Runway & Sarah's Painting|website=journeywithsarah.wordpress.com|url=https://journeywithsarah.wordpress.com/2013/05/09/rally-on-the-runway-sarahs-painting/|date=May 9, 2013|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="uschess">{{Cite web|website=US Chess Federation|title=US Chess Federation - Member Services Area|url=http://www.uschess.org/msa/MbrDtlTnmtHst.php?20103509|access-date=April 10, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="webref">{{Cite web|title=Template:Web reference|website=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Web_reference&oldid=8212813|date=December 7, 2004|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="citeweb">{{Cite web|title=Template:Cite web|website=Wikipedia|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&oldid=40546138|date=February 21, 2006|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref>
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}}

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