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{{Short description|Chinese poet of the Tang and Min dynasty}}
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{{Good article}}
{{Chinese
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'''Han Wo''' ({{circa|842–844}} – {{circa|923}}) was a [[Chinese poet]] of the [[Tang poetry#Late Tang|late Tang dynasty]] and [[Min Kingdom|Min dynasty]]. His [[courtesy name]] was '''Zhiyao''', or possibly '''Zhiguang''' or '''Zhiyuan''', and his [[art name]] was '''Yushan-Qiaoren'''. He was a native of [[Jingzhao]], in or near the capital [[Chang'an]]. An anthology of his poems, the ''Xianglian Ji'' survives.
'''Han Wo''' ({{circa|842–844}} – {{circa|923}}) was a [[Chinese poet]] of the [[Tang poetry#Late Tang|late Tang dynasty]] and the [[Min Kingdom|Min]] state. His [[courtesy name]] was '''Zhiyao''', or possibly '''Zhiguang''' or '''Zhiyuan''', and his [[art name]] was '''Yushan-Qiaoren'''. He was a native of [[Jingzhao]], in or near the capital [[Chang'an]]. An anthology of his poems, the ''Xianglian Ji'' survives.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
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=== Birth and early life ===
=== Birth and early life ===
He was born in either 842 or 844.{{efn|Ueki et al. (1999, p. 148) give "842?", while Noguchi (1994), Arai (1998) and ''Daijirin'' give 844.}} He was a native of [[Wannian, Jingzhao|Wannian]], [[Jingzhao]] (modern-day [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi Province]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=Daijirin|4y=2006}}<!-- Ueki et al. are the only source that specify "京兆万年". User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> His father, Han Zhan ({{zh|t=韓瞻|s=韩瞻|first=t|p=Hán Zhān|w=Han<sup>2</sup> Chan<sup>1</sup>}}) took the [[imperial examination]] in the same year as [[Li Shangyin]], who was also connected to Wo's family through marriage.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999}} The young Wo supposedly was recognized for his poetic genius by Li, who praised him.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999}}
He was born in either 842 or 844.{{efn|{{harvtxt|Ueki|Uno|Matsubara|1999|p=148}} give "842?", while {{harvtxt|Noguchi|1994}}, {{harvtxt|Arai|1998}} and {{harvtxt|''Daijirin''|2006}} give 844.}} He was a native of [[Wannian, Jingzhao|Wannian]], [[Jingzhao]] (modern-day [[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi Province]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=''Daijirin''|4y=2006}}<!-- Ueki et al. are the only source that specify "京兆万年". User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> His father, Han Zhan ({{zh|t=韓瞻|s=韩瞻|first=t|p=Hán Zhān|w=Han<sup>2</sup> Chan<sup>1</sup>}}) took the [[imperial examination]] in the same year as [[Li Shangyin]], who was also connected to Wo's family through marriage.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}} The young Wo supposedly was recognized for his poetic genius by Li, who praised him.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}}


=== Political career ===
=== Political career ===
In 889 ([[Chinese era name|Longji]] [[List of rulers of China#Tang dynasty and the Kingdom of Qi (齊國)|1]]) he passed the [[imperial examination]], receiving his ''Jinshi'' degree.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998}} He became a scholar at the [[Hanlin Academy]]{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998}} and a low-ranking official at the [[Zhongshu Sheng|Central Secretariat]],{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} eventually becoming Vice-Minister of Defense ([[:wikt:兵部|兵部]][[:wikt:侍郎|侍郎]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Noguchi|1y=1994|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} He earned the trust of [[Emperor Zhaozong of Tang|Emperor Zhaozong]],{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999}} working with him against the [[eunuch#China|eunuchs]],{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}<!-- The passage in the source is a little ambiguous, and I don't want to take "昭宗に協力して宦官の排除に力を尽くした" it too literally without some clearer explanation. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> and was recommended for the position of [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor]], but he was disliked by [[Zhu Quanzhong]] (later to become Emperor Daizu of Liao) and was therefore exiled to [[Pu Prefecture (Shandong)|Pu Prefecture]] (modern [[Fan County]], [[Henan]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}}
In 889 ([[Chinese era name|Longji]] [[List of rulers of China#Tang dynasty and the Kingdom of Qi (齊國)|1]]) he passed the [[imperial examination]], receiving his ''Jinshi'' degree.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998}} He became a scholar at the [[Hanlin Academy]]{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998}} and a low-ranking official at the [[Zhongshu Sheng|Central Secretariat]],{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} eventually becoming Vice-Minister of Defense ([[:wikt:兵部|兵部]][[:wikt:侍郎|侍郎]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Noguchi|1y=1994|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}} He earned the trust of [[Emperor Zhaozong of Tang|Emperor Zhaozong]],{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}} working with him against the [[eunuch#China|eunuchs]],{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}<!-- The passage in the source is a little ambiguous, and I don't want to take "昭宗に協力して宦官の排除に力を尽くした" it too literally without some clearer explanation. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> and was recommended for the position of [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor]], but he was disliked by [[Zhu Quanzhong]] (later to become Emperor Daizu of Liao) and was therefore exiled to [[Pu Prefecture (Shandong)|Pu Prefecture]] (modern [[Fan County]], [[Henan]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}}


=== Later life and death ===
=== Later life and death ===
Following his exile, Han did not return to government, and spent his last years in the [[Min Kingdom]].{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999}} He died around 923,{{efn|Noguchi (1994), Arai (1998) and ''Daijirin'' all give 923 as the year of his death, while Ueki et al. (1999, p. 148) give the same date with a question mark.}} having never returned to the capital.{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}
Following his exile, Han did not return to government, and spent his last years in the [[Min Kingdom]].{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}} He died around 923,{{efn|{{harvtxt|Noguchi|1994}}, {{harvtxt|Arai|1998}} and {{harvtxt|''Daijirin''|2006}} all give 923 as the year of his death, while {{harvtxt|Ueki|Uno|Matsubara|1999|p=148}} give the same date with a question mark.}} having never returned to the capital.{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}


== Names ==
== Names ==
=== Courtesy name ===
=== Courtesy name ===
His courtesy name was either Zhiyao{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=Daijirin|4y=2006}} or Zhiguang,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}}<!-- Arai presents this as "one theory" ("字は致尭(一説に致光)。") and Ueki et al. say basically the same thing in slightly vaguer terms ("字は致堯（また致光とも）。"). This might be the result of the physical similarity between the characters 堯/尭/光 in script. Will have to look into this a bit more later. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> or possibly Zhiyuan.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}<!-- It's in endnote 2. I don't know how to specify this with the sfnm template yet. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. -->
His courtesy name was either Zhiyao{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=''Daijirin''|4y=2006}} or Zhiguang,{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999|2a1=Arai|2y=1998}}<!-- Arai presents this as "one theory" ("字は致尭(一説に致光)。") and Ueki et al. say basically the same thing in slightly vaguer terms ("字は致堯（また致光とも）。"). This might be the result of the physical similarity between the characters 堯/尭/光 in script. Will have to look into this a bit more later. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> or possibly Zhiyuan.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}<!-- It's in endnote 2. I don't know how to specify this with the sfnm template yet. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. -->


The ''New Book of Tang'', as well as a work by Han's contemporary {{illm|Wu Rong|ja|呉融}}, refer to him as Zhiguang, but the ''[[Liexian Zhuan]]'' associates the character used in his given name ''Wo'' with the second character of Zhiyao, lending support to the idea that Zhiguang would have fit his given name better.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}<!-- It's in endnote 2. I don't know how to specify this with the sfnm template yet. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> Both the ''[[Tang Cai Zi Zhuan]]'' and the ''[[Tangshi Jishi]]'' ({{lang|zh|唐詩紀事}}) give his courtesy name as Zhiyao.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}<!-- It's in endnote 2. I don't know how to specify this with the sfnm template yet. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> The theory that his courtesy name was Zhiyuan relies on the ''{{illm|Tiao xi yu yin cong hua|zh|苕溪漁隱叢話}}''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/19558/1/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%EF%BC%89.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085924/http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/19558/1/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%EF%BC%89.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The ''New Book of Tang'', as well as a work by Han's contemporary {{illm|Wu Rong|ja|呉融}}, refer to him as Zhiguang, but the ''[[Liexian Zhuan]]'' associates the character used in his given name ''Wo'' with the second character of Zhiyao, lending support to the idea that Zhiguang would have fit his given name better.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}<!-- It's in endnote 2. I don't know how to specify this with the sfnm template yet. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> Both the ''[[Tang Cai Zi Zhuan]]'' and the ''[[Tangshi Jishi]]'' ({{lang|zh|唐詩紀事}}) give his courtesy name as Zhiyao.{{sfnm|1a1=Kawai|1p=622|1y=1975}}<!-- It's in endnote 2. I don't know how to specify this with the sfnm template yet. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. --> The theory that his courtesy name was Zhiyuan relies on the ''{{illm|Tiao xi yu yin cong hua|zh|苕溪漁隱叢話}}''.{{sfn|Chen Fumika}}


=== Art name ===
=== Art name ===
His art name was Yushan-Qiaoren.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148|1y=1999}}
His art name was Yushan-Qiaoren.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148|1y=1999}}


== Poetry ==
== Poetry ==
In literary history, Han is generally considered a poet of the so-called [[Tang poetry#Late Tang|late Tang]] period, which spanned the early-ninth century to 907.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki et al.|1p=148-149|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=Daijirin|4y=2006}}<!-- Ueki et al. include their entry on him in a section on the late Tang poets. -->
In literary history, Han is generally considered a poet of the so-called [[Tang poetry#Late Tang|late Tang]] period, which spanned the early-ninth century to 907.{{sfnm|1a1=Ueki|1a2=Uno|1a3=Matsubara|1p=148-149|1y=1999|2a1=Noguchi|2y=1994|3a1=Arai|3y=1998|4a1=''Daijirin''|4y=2006}}<!-- Ueki et al. include their entry on him in a section on the late Tang poets. -->


An anthology of his poems, the ''Xianglian Ji'' ({{zh|t=香奩集|s=香奁集|first=t|p=xiānglián jí|w=hsiang<sup>1</sup>-lien<sup>2</sup> chih<sup>2</sup>}}), survives.{{sfnm|1a1=Noguchi|1y=1994|2a1=Daijirin|2y=2006}} His poetry is noted for its sensual beauty, with the ''Xianglian Ji'' having given its name to ''xianglian-ti'' ({{zh|t=香奩體|s=香奁体|first=t|p=xiānglián tǐ|w=hsiang<sup>1</sup>-lien<sup>2</sup> t'ih<sup>3</sup>}}), a style of poetry associated with him.{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}} His poems of other types are collected in the ''Yushan-Qiaoren Ji'' ({{zh|c=玉山樵人集|p=yùshān-qiáorén jí|w=yü<sup>4</sup>shan<sup>1</sup>-ch'iao<sup>2</sup>jên<sup>2</sup> chih<sup>2</sup>}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}
An anthology of his poems, the ''Xianglian Ji'' ({{zh|t=香奩集|s=香奁集|first=t|p=xiānglián jí|w=hsiang<sup>1</sup>-lien<sup>2</sup> chih<sup>2</sup>}}), survives.{{sfnm|1a1=Noguchi|1y=1994|2a1=''Daijirin''|2y=2006}} His poetry is noted for its sensual beauty, with the ''Xianglian Ji'' having given its name to ''xianglian-ti'' ({{zh|t=香奩體|s=香奁体|first=t|p=xiānglián tǐ|w=hsiang<sup>1</sup>-lien<sup>2</sup> t'ih<sup>3</sup>}}), a style of poetry associated with him.{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}} His poems of other types are collected in the ''Yushan-Qiaoren Ji'' ({{zh|c=玉山樵人集|p=yùshān-qiáorén jí|w=yü<sup>4</sup>shan<sup>1</sup>-ch'iao<sup>2</sup>jên<sup>2</sup> chih<sup>2</sup>}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Arai|1y=1998}}


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|35em}}


== Works cited ==
== Works cited ==
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|last = Arai
|last = Arai
|first = Ken
|first = Ken
|authorlink = Ken Arai
|author-link = Ken Arai
|title = Han Wo (''Kan Aku'' in Japanese)
|title = Han Wo (''Kan Aku'' in Japanese)
|language = japanese
|language = japanese
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|publisher = [[Heibonsha]]
|publisher = [[Heibonsha]]
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.20.E7.AC.AC.EF.BC.92.E7.89.88
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.20.E7.AC.AC.EF.BC.92.E7.89.88
|access-date = 2017-06-10
|access-date = 2017-06-10
⚫
}}
|ref = {{SfnRef|Arai|1998}}
* {{Cite thesis |author=Chen Fumika |title=森春濤の香奩體詩受容と漢詩創作 ―― 韓偓の香奩詩から森春濤の艷體詩へ |trans-title=Acceptance of incense poetry by Haruo Mori and creation of Chinese poetry--From Han Wo's incense poem to Moriharu's poem |chapter=第一章 韓偓の事蹟に關する再考證 |trans-chapter=Chapter 1 Reconsideration of Han Wo |language=ja |url=http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/19558/1/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%EF%BC%89.pdf |access-date=2017-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085924/http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/bitstream/2237/19558/1/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%EF%BC%89.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-22}}
|url-status = live
|df =
⚫
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
|encyclopedia = [[Daijirin]]
|encyclopedia = [[Daijirin]]
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|publisher = [[Sanseidō]]
|publisher = [[Sanseidō]]
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88
|accessdate = 2017-06-10
|access-date = 2017-06-10
|ref = {{SfnRef|Daijirin|2006}}
|ref = {{SfnRef|Daijirin|2006}}
⚫
}}
|url-status = live
⚫
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|last = Kawai
|last = Kawai
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|isbn =
|isbn =
|author-link = Kōzō Kawai
|author-link = Kōzō Kawai
|ref = {{SfnRef|Kawai|1975}}
}}
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
Line 115: Line 112:
|last = Noguchi
|last = Noguchi
|first = Kazuo<!-- Not 100% sure how to read this writer's name. -->
|first = Kazuo<!-- Not 100% sure how to read this writer's name. -->
|authorlink = Kazuo Noguchi
|author-link = Kazuo Noguchi
|title = Han Wo (''Kan Aku'' in Japanese)
|title = Han Wo (''Kan Aku'' in Japanese)
|language = japanese
|language = japanese
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|publisher = [[Shogakukan]]
|publisher = [[Shogakukan]]
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E5.85.A8.E6.9B.B8.28.E3.83.8B.E3.83.83.E3.83.9D.E3.83.8B.E3.82.AB.29
|url = https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9F%93%E5%81%93-2361647#E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E5.85.A8.E6.9B.B8.28.E3.83.8B.E3.83.83.E3.83.9D.E3.83.8B.E3.82.AB.29
|accessdate = 2017-06-10
|access-date = 2017-06-10
⚫
}}
|ref = {{SfnRef|Noguchi|1994}}
|url-status = live
⚫
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
|editor-last = Matsuura
|editor-last = Matsuura
Line 147: Line 142:
|location = Tokyo
|location = Tokyo
|publisher = Taishūkan Shoten
|publisher = Taishūkan Shoten
|ref = {{SfnRef|Ueki et al.|1999}}
|oclc = 41025662
|oclc = 41025662
}}
}}
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|isbn = 0-231-10984-9
|isbn = 0-231-10984-9
|author-link = John Timothy Wixted
|author-link = John Timothy Wixted
|ref = {{SfnRef|Wixted|2001}}
}}
}}


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|isbn =
|isbn =
|author-link = Beth Ann Upton
|author-link = Beth Ann Upton
⚫
}}<!-- Never read this. Probably never will, as long as GBooks can't even locate a print copy anywhere. But assuming it actually exists, it's almost certainly a decent "Further reading" work for this topic. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. -->
|ref =
⚫
}}<!-- Never read this. Probably never will, as long as GBooks can't even locate a print copy anywhere. But assuming it actually exists, it's almost certainly a decent "Further reading" work for this topic. User:Hijiri88, June 2017. -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 202: Line 194:
[[Category:10th-century Chinese poets]]
[[Category:10th-century Chinese poets]]
[[Category:Three Hundred Tang Poems poets]]
[[Category:Three Hundred Tang Poems poets]]
[[Category:Min Kingdom people born during Tang]]
[[Category:Min Kingdom people]]

Latest revision as of 07:09, 27 September 2023

Han Wo
Traditional Chinese韓偓
Simplified Chinese韩偓
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHán Wò
Wade–GilesHan2 Wo4
Courtesy name: Zhiyao
Traditional Chinese致堯
Simplified Chinese致尧
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhìyáo
Wade–GilesChih4-yao2
Art name: Yushan-Qiaoren
Chinese玉山樵人
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinyùshān-qiáorén
Wade–Gilesyü4shan1-ch'iao2jên2
Possible alternate courtesy name: Zhiguang
Chinese致光
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhìguāng
Wade–GilesChih4-kuang1
Possible alternate courtesy name: Zhiyuan
Chinese致元
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhìyuán
Wade–GilesChih4-yüan2

Han Wo (c. 842–844 – c. 923) was a Chinese poet of the late Tang dynasty and the Min state. His courtesy name was Zhiyao, or possibly Zhiguang or Zhiyuan, and his art name was Yushan-Qiaoren. He was a native of Jingzhao, in or near the capital Chang'an. An anthology of his poems, the Xianglian Ji survives.

Biography

[edit]

Sources

[edit]

Chapter 183 of the New Book of Tang gives a short biography of Han Wo.[1]

Birth and early life

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He was born in either 842 or 844.[a] He was a native of Wannian, Jingzhao (modern-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).[2] His father, Han Zhan (traditional Chinese: 韓瞻; simplified Chinese: 韩瞻; pinyin: Hán Zhān; Wade–Giles: Han2 Chan1) took the imperial examination in the same year as Li Shangyin, who was also connected to Wo's family through marriage.[3] The young Wo supposedly was recognized for his poetic genius by Li, who praised him.[3]

Political career

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In 889 (Longji 1) he passed the imperial examination, receiving his Jinshi degree.[4] He became a scholar at the Hanlin Academy[4] and a low-ranking official at the Central Secretariat,[5] eventually becoming Vice-Minister of Defense (兵部侍郎).[6] He earned the trust of Emperor Zhaozong,[3] working with him against the eunuchs,[7] and was recommended for the position of chancellor, but he was disliked by Zhu Quanzhong (later to become Emperor Daizu of Liao) and was therefore exiled to Pu Prefecture (modern Fan County, Henan).[5]

Later life and death

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Following his exile, Han did not return to government, and spent his last years in the Min Kingdom.[3] He died around 923,[b] having never returned to the capital.[7]

Names

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Courtesy name

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His courtesy name was either Zhiyao[2] or Zhiguang,[5] or possibly Zhiyuan.[8]

The New Book of Tang, as well as a work by Han's contemporary Wu Rong [ja], refer to him as Zhiguang, but the Liexian Zhuan associates the character used in his given name Wo with the second character of Zhiyao, lending support to the idea that Zhiguang would have fit his given name better.[8] Both the Tang Cai Zi Zhuan and the Tangshi Jishi (唐詩紀事) give his courtesy name as Zhiyao.[8] The theory that his courtesy name was Zhiyuan relies on the Tiao xi yu yin cong hua [zh].[9]

Art name

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His art name was Yushan-Qiaoren.[3]

Poetry

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In literary history, Han is generally considered a poet of the so-called late Tang period, which spanned the early-ninth century to 907.[10]

An anthology of his poems, the Xianglian Ji (traditional Chinese: 香奩集; simplified Chinese: 香奁集; pinyin: xiānglián jí; Wade–Giles: hsiang1-lien2 chih2), survives.[11] His poetry is noted for its sensual beauty, with the Xianglian Ji having given its name to xianglian-ti (traditional Chinese: 香奩體; simplified Chinese: 香奁体; pinyin: xiānglián tǐ; Wade–Giles: hsiang1-lien2 t'ih3), a style of poetry associated with him.[7] His poems of other types are collected in the Yushan-Qiaoren Ji (Chinese: 玉山樵人集; pinyin: yùshān-qiáorén jí; Wade–Giles: yü4shan1-ch'iao2jên2 chih2).[7]

Reception

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His poetry influenced the work of the fourteenth-century poet Yang Weizhen.[12]

Notes

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  1. ^ Ueki, Uno & Matsubara (1999, p. 148) give "842?", while Noguchi (1994), Arai (1998) and Daijirin (2006) give 844.
  2. ^ Noguchi (1994), Arai (1998) and Daijirin (2006) all give 923 as the year of his death, while Ueki, Uno & Matsubara (1999, p. 148) give the same date with a question mark.

References

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  1. ^ Kawai 1975, pp. 612–614.
  2. ^ a b Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148; Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998; Daijirin 2006.
  3. ^ a b c d e Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148.
  4. ^ a b Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148; Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998.
  5. ^ a b c Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148; Arai 1998.
  6. ^ Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998.
  7. ^ a b c d Arai 1998.
  8. ^ a b c Kawai 1975, p. 622.
  9. ^ Chen Fumika.
  10. ^ Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148-149; Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998; Daijirin 2006.
  11. ^ Noguchi 1994; Daijirin 2006.
  12. ^ Wixted 2001, paragraph 22.

Works cited

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  • Arai, Ken (1998). "Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)". World Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Heibonsha. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  • Chen Fumika. "第一章 韓偓の事蹟に關する再考證" [Chapter 1 Reconsideration of Han Wo]. 森春濤の香奩體詩受容と漢詩創作 ―― 韓偓の香奩詩から森春濤の艷體詩へ [Acceptance of incense poetry by Haruo Mori and creation of Chinese poetry--From Han Wo's incense poem to Moriharu's poem] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
  • "Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)". Daijirin (in Japanese). Sanseidō. 2006. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  • Kawai, Kōzō (1975). "Kan Aku (844-923): Shin Tō Sho kan 183". In Ogawa, Tamaki (ed.). Tōdai no Shijin: Sono Denki. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. pp. 612–625.
  • Noguchi, Kazuo (1994). "Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)". Encyclopedia Nipponica (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  • Ueki, Hisayuki; Uno, Naoto; Matsubara, Akira (1999). "Shijin to Shi no Shōgai (Kan Aku)". In Matsuura, Tomohisa (ed.). Kanshi no Jiten 漢詩の事典 (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. pp. 148–149. OCLC 41025662.
  • Wixted, John Timothy (2001). "Chapter 19: Poetry of the Fourteenth Century". In Mair, Victor H. (ed.). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.

Further reading

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  • Upton, Beth Ann (1980). The Poetry of Han Wo (844-923). Berkeley: University of California Press.
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