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In swimming, American 15-year-old 130-pound schoolboy [[Mark Spitz]], swimming in his first international competition, won four [[gold medal]]s—the 400 m freestyle, the 1,500 freestyle, the 400 m individual medley, and the 800 m freestyle relay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/28/96716312.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=SPITZ, U.S., GAINS 4TH GOLD MEDAL; 15-Year-Old Swimmer Wins 1,500 at Tel Aviv|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/26/101564970.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=Spitz of U.S. Sets Third Mark In Tel Aviv Games Swimming|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/25/101564576.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=U.S. WINS 4 TESTS IN ISRAELI GAMES; Spitz Stars as Maccabiah Squad Dominates Swim|website=The New York Times}}</ref> Also in swimming, [[Marilyn Ramenofsky]] of the US, who the year prior won a silver medal at the Olympics in the 400-meter freestyle, won the gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZxnNt28DhcC&pg=PA153 |title=Jewish sports legends: the International Jewish Hall of Fame |author=Joseph Siegman |year=2000 |isbn=9781574882841 |access-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref> Israeli [[Yvonne Tobis]], 17 years old, won the 400 m individual medley.<ref name="auto5"/> Israeli [[Shlomit Nir]], a future Olympian, won the 200 m breaststroke, beating out Mexican silver medalist and future Olympian [[Tamara Oynick]].<ref name="auto4"/> Israeli Olympian [[Gershon Shefa]] won a gold medal in the 200 m breaststroke.<ref name="auto4"/> Australian 19-year-old Olympian [[John Stark (swimmer)|John Stark]] won a gold medal in the 200 m butterfly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/27/101565478.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=KATHY COLE WINS TWO MORE MEDALS; U.S. Swimmer Lifts Total to Five at Tel Aviv|website=The New York Times}}</ref>
In swimming, American 15-year-old 130-pound schoolboy [[Mark Spitz]], swimming in his first international competition, won four [[gold medal]]s—the 400 m freestyle, the 1,500 freestyle, the 400 m individual medley, and the 800 m freestyle relay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/28/96716312.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=SPITZ, U.S., GAINS 4TH GOLD MEDAL; 15-Year-Old Swimmer Wins 1,500 at Tel Aviv|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/26/101564970.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=Spitz of U.S. Sets Third Mark In Tel Aviv Games Swimming|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/25/101564576.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=U.S. WINS 4 TESTS IN ISRAELI GAMES; Spitz Stars as Maccabiah Squad Dominates Swim|website=The New York Times}}</ref> Also in swimming, [[Marilyn Ramenofsky]] of the US, who the year prior won a silver medal at the Olympics in the 400-meter freestyle, won the gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZxnNt28DhcC&pg=PA153 |title=Jewish sports legends: the International Jewish Hall of Fame |author=Joseph Siegman |year=2000 |isbn=9781574882841 |access-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref> Israeli [[Yvonne Tobis]], 17 years old, won the 400 m individual medley.<ref name="auto5"/> Israeli [[Shlomit Nir]], a future Olympian, won the 200 m breaststroke, beating out Mexican silver medalist and future Olympian [[Tamara Oynick]].<ref name="auto4"/> Israeli Olympian [[Gershon Shefa]] won a gold medal in the 200 m breaststroke.<ref name="auto4"/> Australian 19-year-old Olympian [[John Stark (swimmer)|John Stark]] won a gold medal in the 200 m butterfly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/27/101565478.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=KATHY COLE WINS TWO MORE MEDALS; U.S. Swimmer Lifts Total to Five at Tel Aviv|website=The New York Times}}</ref>


In track and field, American Olympic champion and world record holder [[Gerry Ashworth]] ran in the Games, winning a gold medal in 10.6 seconds in the 100 m dash, and a gold medal in the 400 m relay.<ref>Time of 10.6 seconds in 100 Meter Dash in Mac Games in "Americans Still Pace Mac Games", ''Valley Times'', North Hollywood, California, pg. 13, 30 August 1965</ref><ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/09/01/96716887.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=U.S. RELAY TEAMS SNAP 2 RECORDS; Runners Score in Tel Aviv as Maccabiah Games End|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="The Sun">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1720368972.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+22%2C+1965&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Seventh+Maccabiah+Games+Open+Tomorrow+In+Ramat+Gan+Stadium&pqatl=google |title=Seventh Maccabiah Games Open Tomorrow In Ramat Gan Stadium|work=The Sun |location= Baltimore, Md. |date= August 22, 1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/923329472.html?dids=923329472:923329472&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+30%2C+1965&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=U.S.+Vaulters+Fail+to+Win+Maccabiah+Action&pqatl=google |title=U.S. Vaulters Fail to Win Maccabiah Action |work=The Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, Conn. |date=August 30, 1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/924704332.html?dids=924704332:924704332&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+01%2C+1965&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=U.S.+Wins+Seven+More+In+Israel&pqatl=google |title=U.S. Wins Seven More In Israel |work=The Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, Conn. |date=September 1, 1965}}</ref> World record holder [[Henry Laskau]] of the United States won the gold medal in 3,000 m race walking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/30/101566065.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=Laskau, 49, and Once-Retired, Shows Field His Heels in Walk|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/HenryLaskau.htm|title=Henry Laskau|website=www.jewishsports.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/08/06/archives/laskau-in-israel-meet-enters-1950-world-maccabiah-games-sept-27oct.html|title=LASKAU IN ISRAEL MEET; Enters 1950 World Maccabiah Games Sept. 27-Oct. 8|date=August 6, 1950|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Lorraine Lotzof (South Africa) won the 100m, 200m and 400m athletic events. She was awarded Trophy for Outstanding Athlete across all sports at the 1965 Games. Olympian [[Michal Lamdani]] competed for Israel in the high jump, winning a gold medal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ar3hAQAAQBAJ&q=Michal+Lamdani&pg=PA13|title=Sport, Politics and Society in the Land of Israel: Past and Present|first1=Yair|last1=Galily|first2=Amir|last2=Ben-Porat|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317967910}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/53989375/|title= Page 15|work=The San Bernardino County Sun}}</ref>
In track and field, American Olympic champion and world record holder [[Gerry Ashworth]] ran in the Games, winning a gold medal in 10.6 seconds in the 100 m dash, and a gold medal in the 400 m relay.<ref>Time of 10.6 seconds in 100 Meter Dash in Mac Games in "Americans Still Pace Mac Games", ''Valley Times'', North Hollywood, California, pg. 13, 30 August 1965</ref><ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/09/01/96716887.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=U.S. RELAY TEAMS SNAP 2 RECORDS; Runners Score in Tel Aviv as Maccabiah Games End|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="The Sun">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1720368972.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+22%2C+1965&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Seventh+Maccabiah+Games+Open+Tomorrow+In+Ramat+Gan+Stadium&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419003502/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1720368972.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+22,+1965&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Seventh+Maccabiah+Games+Open+Tomorrow+In+Ramat+Gan+Stadium&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 19, 2013 |title=Seventh Maccabiah Games Open Tomorrow In Ramat Gan Stadium|work=The Sun |location= Baltimore, Md. |date= August 22, 1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/923329472.html?dids=923329472:923329472&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+30%2C+1965&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=U.S.+Vaulters+Fail+to+Win+Maccabiah+Action&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628221844/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/923329472.html?dids=923329472:923329472&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+30,+1965&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=U.S.+Vaulters+Fail+to+Win+Maccabiah+Action&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |title=U.S. Vaulters Fail to Win Maccabiah Action |work=The Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, Conn. |date=August 30, 1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/924704332.html?dids=924704332:924704332&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+01%2C+1965&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=U.S.+Wins+Seven+More+In+Israel&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628221903/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/924704332.html?dids=924704332:924704332&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Sep+01,+1965&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=U.S.+Wins+Seven+More+In+Israel&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |title=U.S. Wins Seven More In Israel |work=The Hartford Courant |location=Hartford, Conn. |date=September 1, 1965}}</ref> World record holder [[Henry Laskau]] of the United States won the gold medal in 3,000 m race walking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/30/101566065.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=Laskau, 49, and Once-Retired, Shows Field His Heels in Walk|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishsports.net/BioPages/HenryLaskau.htm|title=Henry Laskau|website=www.jewishsports.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/08/06/archives/laskau-in-israel-meet-enters-1950-world-maccabiah-games-sept-27oct.html|title=LASKAU IN ISRAEL MEET; Enters 1950 World Maccabiah Games Sept. 27-Oct. 8|date=August 6, 1950|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Lorraine Lotzof (South Africa) won the 100m, 200m and 400m athletic events. She was awarded Trophy for Outstanding Athlete across all sports at the 1965 Games. Olympian [[Michal Lamdani]] competed for Israel in the high jump, winning a gold medal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ar3hAQAAQBAJ&q=Michal+Lamdani&pg=PA13|title=Sport, Politics and Society in the Land of Israel: Past and Present|first1=Yair|last1=Galily|first2=Amir|last2=Ben-Porat|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317967910}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/53989375/|title= Page 15|work=The San Bernardino County Sun}}</ref>


In tennis, Dutchman [[Tom Okker]] won both the men's singles and the mixed doubles gold medals.<ref name=autogeneratedasf1>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W39oSS7c2xAC&q=Tom+Okker+jewish&pg=PA209|title=Historical Dictionary of Tennis|first=John|last=Grasso|date=16 September 2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872370|via=Google Books}}</ref> American [[Mike Franks (tennis)|Mike Franks]] won a gold medal in doubles in tennis, and a silver medal in men's singles, losing to Okker.<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/31/101566386.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=MORGAN CAPTURES MACCABIAH 5,000; U.S. Runner Breaks Games Record With 14:23.6|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scjewishsportshof.com/franks.html|title=Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame Home|website=scjewishsportshof.com}}</ref> Canadian [[Vicki Berner]] won a gold medal in women's singles, defeating South African [[Esmé Emmanuel]] who won the silver medal, defeating American [[Marilyn Aschner]] along the way.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maccabiah Games |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/pacific-stars-and-stripes-sep-01-1965-p-19/ |work=[[Pacific Stars And Stripes]] |date=1 September 1965 |page=19}}</ref><ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto8"/> Emmanuel won a gold medal in women's tennis in doubles with partner Rene Wolpert, defeating Americans [[Nadine Netter]] and Carole Wright.<ref name="auto8"/>
In tennis, Dutchman [[Tom Okker]] won both the men's singles and the mixed doubles gold medals.<ref name=autogeneratedasf1>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W39oSS7c2xAC&q=Tom+Okker+jewish&pg=PA209|title=Historical Dictionary of Tennis|first=John|last=Grasso|date=16 September 2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872370|via=Google Books}}</ref> American [[Mike Franks (tennis)|Mike Franks]] won a gold medal in doubles in tennis, and a silver medal in men's singles, losing to Okker.<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/08/31/101566386.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|title=MORGAN CAPTURES MACCABIAH 5,000; U.S. Runner Breaks Games Record With 14:23.6|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scjewishsportshof.com/franks.html|title=Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame Home|website=scjewishsportshof.com}}</ref> Canadian [[Vicki Berner]] won a gold medal in women's singles, defeating South African [[Esmé Emmanuel]] who won the silver medal, defeating American [[Marilyn Aschner]] along the way.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maccabiah Games |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/pacific-stars-and-stripes-sep-01-1965-p-19/ |work=[[Pacific Stars And Stripes]] |date=1 September 1965 |page=19}}</ref><ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto8"/> Emmanuel won a gold medal in women's tennis in doubles with partner Rene Wolpert, defeating Americans [[Nadine Netter]] and Carole Wright.<ref name="auto8"/>

Latest revision as of 05:25, 28 July 2024

7th Maccabiah
Host cityTel Aviv, Israel
Nations29[1]
Debuting countries Iran
 Jamaica
 Peru
 Venezuela
Athletes1,500[1]
OpeningAugust 23, 1965[2]
Opened byPrime Minister Levi Eshkol[1]
Main venueRamat Gan Stadium

The 7th Maccabiah Games in 1965 saw 1,500 athletes from 29 different countries compete in 21 sports.[1] It was the first Maccabiah Games for Iran, Jamaica, Peru, and Venezuela. The United States delegation won the most gold medals, followed by Israel, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Mexico and the Netherlands, Southern Rhodesia, Australia, Argentina and Italy, and Brazil, Canada, Denmark, and Sweden with one each.

History

[edit]

The Maccabiah Games are named in honor of the Jewish Maccabees, who in the 2nd century BC revolted against and defeated the superior armies of King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who was trying to abolish Judaism.[3][2]

The Maccabiah Games were first held in 1932.[4] In 1961, they were declared a "Regional Sports Event" by, and under the auspices and supervision of, the International Olympic Committee.[5][6][7]

The Games opened before a crowd of 40,000 people in Ramat Gan Stadium.[2] The flame to light the Maccabiah torch was lit at an ancient cemetery in Modiin, where it is believed that the Maccabees are buried, and run to the stadium by a relay of runners.[2]

Notable performances

[edit]
The 100 m backstroke competition at the Games.

In swimming, American 15-year-old 130-pound schoolboy Mark Spitz, swimming in his first international competition, won four gold medals—the 400 m freestyle, the 1,500 freestyle, the 400 m individual medley, and the 800 m freestyle relay.[8][9][10] Also in swimming, Marilyn Ramenofsky of the US, who the year prior won a silver medal at the Olympics in the 400-meter freestyle, won the gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle.[11] Israeli Yvonne Tobis, 17 years old, won the 400 m individual medley.[10] Israeli Shlomit Nir, a future Olympian, won the 200 m breaststroke, beating out Mexican silver medalist and future Olympian Tamara Oynick.[9] Israeli Olympian Gershon Shefa won a gold medal in the 200 m breaststroke.[9] Australian 19-year-old Olympian John Stark won a gold medal in the 200 m butterfly.[12]

In track and field, American Olympic champion and world record holder Gerry Ashworth ran in the Games, winning a gold medal in 10.6 seconds in the 100 m dash, and a gold medal in the 400 m relay.[13][14][15][16][17] World record holder Henry Laskau of the United States won the gold medal in 3,000 m race walking.[18][19][20] Lorraine Lotzof (South Africa) won the 100m, 200m and 400m athletic events. She was awarded Trophy for Outstanding Athlete across all sports at the 1965 Games. Olympian Michal Lamdani competed for Israel in the high jump, winning a gold medal.[21][22]

In tennis, Dutchman Tom Okker won both the men's singles and the mixed doubles gold medals.[23] American Mike Franks won a gold medal in doubles in tennis, and a silver medal in men's singles, losing to Okker.[24][25] Canadian Vicki Berner won a gold medal in women's singles, defeating South African Esmé Emmanuel who won the silver medal, defeating American Marilyn Aschner along the way.[26][10][24] Emmanuel won a gold medal in women's tennis in doubles with partner Rene Wolpert, defeating Americans Nadine Netter and Carole Wright.[24]

The U.S. won the gold medal in basketball, with Tal Brody, Ronald Green, Steve Nisenson, Dave Newmark, and Steve Chubin.[27][28][3] The Israeli basketball team was led by Tani Cohen-Mintz.[3]

In gymnastics, American 3-time Olympian Abie Grossfeld won four gold medals, four silver medals, and three bronze medals.[14] World trampoline champion Dan Millman of the US won four gold medals.[29][24] American Steve Cohen, a future Olympian, won four gold medals, four silver medals, and two bronze medals.[14]

In fencing, Yves Dreyfus, a future two-time Olympic bronze medalist, won the silver medal for France in individual épée.[30][31][32] American Olympian David Micahnik won the individual épée gold medal.[30] American Al Axelrod competed for the US in foil fencing.[28] Canada's future Olympian Peter Bakonyi won a silver medal.[33]

In judo, Jim Bregman of the US, who the year prior won a bronze medal at the Olympics in the middleweight (80 kg), won a gold medal, as did Bernard Lepkofker of the United States.

In wrestling, Israeli Moshe Weinberg, who years later was killed in the Munich Massacre, won a gold medal in Greco Roman wrestling.[34] Argentine Olympian Daniel Verník won a silver medal in the middleweight wrestling competition.[14]

Otto Decker, whose parents sent him from Germany to England as part of the kindertransport at the outset of the Holocaust, represented the U.S., which came in 9th, as a halfback in soccer.[35][36] Americans Harlan Cohen, and Gene Selznick, who had played on world championship teams and was squad captain, competed the Team USA volleyball squad.[37]

The U.S. won the gold medal in shooting (free pistol event). The U.S. won the gold medal in water polo, which was its first international gold medal since the 1904 Olympics held in St. Louis.

Participating communities

[edit]

The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that community contributed. Poland, appearing for the first time, engaged in a series of exhibitions.[38]

Medal count

[edit]

The United States delegation won the most gold medals, followed by Israel, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Mexico and the Netherlands, Southern Rhodesia, Australia, Argentina and Italy, and Brazil, Canada, Denmark, and Sweden with one each.[14]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)684533146
2 Israel (ISR)324530107
3 United Kingdom (UKB)18101846
4 South Africa (SAF)1311630
Totals (4 entries)13111187329
Source: [1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "BJR Sep 1965_008". digital-library.qub.ac.uk.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "MACCABIAH GAMES OPEN AT TEL AVIV; Athletes From 26 Nations Parade at Ceremonies". The New York Times.
  3. ^ a b c "1,500 Athletes Ready to Open Maccabiah Games Tomorrow". The New York Times.
  4. ^ "A brief history of the Maccabiah Games". The Canadian Jewish News. June 19, 2017.
  5. ^ Helen Jefferson Lenskyj (2012). Gender Politics and the Olympic Industry. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137291158.
  6. ^ Mitchell G. Bard and Moshe Schwartz (2005). 1001 Facts Everyone Should Know about Israel p. 84.
  7. ^ "History of the Maccabiah Games". Maccabi Australia. Archived from the original on 2018-09-13. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
  8. ^ "SPITZ, U.S., GAINS 4TH GOLD MEDAL; 15-Year-Old Swimmer Wins 1,500 at Tel Aviv". The New York Times.
  9. ^ a b c "Spitz of U.S. Sets Third Mark In Tel Aviv Games Swimming". The New York Times.
  10. ^ a b c "U.S. WINS 4 TESTS IN ISRAELI GAMES; Spitz Stars as Maccabiah Squad Dominates Swim". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Joseph Siegman (2000). Jewish sports legends: the International Jewish Hall of Fame. ISBN 9781574882841. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  12. ^ "KATHY COLE WINS TWO MORE MEDALS; U.S. Swimmer Lifts Total to Five at Tel Aviv". The New York Times.
  13. ^ Time of 10.6 seconds in 100 Meter Dash in Mac Games in "Americans Still Pace Mac Games", Valley Times, North Hollywood, California, pg. 13, 30 August 1965
  14. ^ a b c d e "U.S. RELAY TEAMS SNAP 2 RECORDS; Runners Score in Tel Aviv as Maccabiah Games End". The New York Times.
  15. ^ "Seventh Maccabiah Games Open Tomorrow In Ramat Gan Stadium". The Sun. Baltimore, Md. August 22, 1965. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013.
  16. ^ "U.S. Vaulters Fail to Win Maccabiah Action". The Hartford Courant. Hartford, Conn. August 30, 1965. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011.
  17. ^ "U.S. Wins Seven More In Israel". The Hartford Courant. Hartford, Conn. September 1, 1965. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011.
  18. ^ "Laskau, 49, and Once-Retired, Shows Field His Heels in Walk". The New York Times.
  19. ^ "Henry Laskau". www.jewishsports.net.
  20. ^ "LASKAU IN ISRAEL MEET; Enters 1950 World Maccabiah Games Sept. 27-Oct. 8". The New York Times. August 6, 1950.
  21. ^ Galily, Yair; Ben-Porat, Amir (2013). Sport, Politics and Society in the Land of Israel: Past and Present. Routledge. ISBN 9781317967910.
  22. ^ "Page 15". The San Bernardino County Sun.
  23. ^ Grasso, John (16 September 2011). Historical Dictionary of Tennis. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810872370 – via Google Books.
  24. ^ a b c d "MORGAN CAPTURES MACCABIAH 5,000; U.S. Runner Breaks Games Record With 14:23.6". The New York Times.
  25. ^ "Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame Home". scjewishsportshof.com.
  26. ^ "Maccabiah Games". Pacific Stars And Stripes. 1 September 1965. p. 19.
  27. ^ "U.S. FIVE TAKES TITLE IN ISRAEL; Tops Host Team, 74-66, for Maccabiah Gold Medal". The New York Times.
  28. ^ a b "20 August 1965". Jewish Post.
  29. ^ "Biography: Millman, Dan". U.S. Gymnastics Federation.
  30. ^ a b "Garber Wins Boxing Title". The New York Times.
  31. ^ "· Page 41". The Times from Shreveport, Louisiana. August 22, 1965.
  32. ^ "12 March 1965". Jewish Post.
  33. ^ Leible Hershfield (1980). The Jewish Athlete; A Nostalgic View, p. 196.
  34. ^ "Sketches of Victims". timesmachine.nytimes.com.
  35. ^ "U.S. Soccer Squad Named For 7th Maccabiah Games". The New York Times.
  36. ^ "Fathers and Sons, Part I of II: Kindertransport". Archived from the original on 2013-07-20. Retrieved 2022-08-06.
  37. ^ "12-Man U.S. Volleyball Team Picked for Maccabiah Games". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "20 August 1965". Jewish Post.
  39. ^ "7th Maccabiah 1965". Maccabi Canada.
[edit]
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