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[[Category:Karlan Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Pre-Islamic heritage of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pashtun tribes]]

Revision as of 16:47, 26 March 2010

The Dilazak are an Afghan tribe,[1] claiming Indian origin;[2] they descended into the valley of Peshawar, now in Pakistan in Smanyid's dynasty from the Suleman Range, between 750 and 850 AD.[3] They were the first in all Afghans and were Muslims by that time.[4][5] They expelled or subdued local people of the Swati, Degan and Tirahi castes.[3][6] By the time of Mehmood Ghaznavi, they had reached the Sindh River (also called Abaseen, Neelaab in old times).[7][4] They participated in Mehmood Ghaznavi's campaigns in large numbers under their leader Malik Yahya Khan.[4]Later they extended up to present day Hassan Abdal (near Taxila) and towards the north up to Abbottabad. According to the Ain-i-Akbari there was only one tribe possessing lands in Hazara Qarlagh (including present day Hazara Division of North-West Frontier Province (NWFP.), Attock District and Hassan Abdal Tehsil of Punjab Province.[8]

Around 1520 another Afghan tribe, the Yusufzai, was expelled from Kabul by Mirza Ulugh Beg, the uncle of Mughal emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur[4] [9][1][3][10] . The Yusufzais migrated to the Peshawar valley and sought help from the Dilazak being the Afghan brethren which was granted to them.[4][9][1][3][11] . Later on the relationship between the two tribes deteriorated and a long war ensued[12][4][3][13] . Ultimately the Yousafzae along with some other tribes (including the Utmanzi, cousins of the Dilazak) were able to push the Dilazak east of Sindh River under their leader Malik Ahmed Khan, after 20 years[14] .

The Mughals had fluctuating relations with the Afghans. The Dilazak were on the eastern side of the Sindh River and thus vulnerable to the Mughal Army. Around 1607, Mughal emperor Jahangir (Muhammad Saleem) after visiting Kabul, left his large army under the command of Zaffar Khan Koka, son of Zain Khan Koka, and ordered him to wipe out the Dilazak and arrest the leaders of the Khattar tribe.[15] Zaffar Khan Koka complied with the orders and deported one hundred thousand families of the Dilazak to Lahore for dispersal throughout India.[16] Only a few families of the Dilazak survived.

Most of the Dilazaks returned during the reign of Mughal king Shahjahan and settled in parts of North West Frontier Province and Pujab in their old homes.[17][3]One of them was Saleh Khan who, along with his family settled in Sara-e-Saleh and Tir in Haripur District.[3] Their families still survive[3] Today they are found in the districts Abbottabad, Haripur, Charsadda, Mardan, Swat, Peshawar, all of which in the NWFP, and Attock and Rawalpindi, in the Punjab Province. They are in the districts Shahjahan Pur and also in village Shahjahanpur District (Meerut), on Meerut Garh Road (Uttar Pradesh), Jalandhar (Indian Punjab), Bari (Rajasthan), Dilazi and other villages in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and some other regions of India.[18][3][19].

Theories of Hebrew descent

Some Afghans trace their history to Ten Lost Tribes of Jews[1]. On the other hand, studies are available from Jewish scholars which give Jewish opinion as well [2] [3].

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c The Pathans by Sir Olaf Caroe
  2. ^ "The cyclopaedia of India and of eastern and southern Asia, Volume 2 By Edward Balfour". CB. Quaritch. Retrieved 2007-11-03. ...the Dilzak alone claiming to be of Hindi origin.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i TAAREEKH-E-HAZARA (URDU) BY DR. SHER BAHADUR KHAN PANNI_FIRST EDITION_1969 P295-313
  4. ^ a b c d e f AFGHANISTAN AND ITS INHABITANTS BY HENRY PRIESTLEY_1874 (REPRODUCED BY SANG-E-MEEL PUBLICATIONS_PAKISTAN_1981 P-55/56, P 197/198
  5. ^ Race of Afghanistan’ by H.W. Bellew_published by Sh. Mubarak Ali_Lahore_Pakistan P 63-76,
  6. ^ AFGHNISTAN AND ITS INHABITANTS BY HENRY PRIESTLEY_1874 (REPRODUCED BY SANG-E-MEEL PUBLICATIONS_PAKISTAN_1981 P 55/56, P- 197/198, Race of Afghanistan’ by H.W. Bellew_published by Sh. Mubarak Ali_Lahore_Pakistan P 63-76
  7. ^ TAAREEKH-E-WADI-E-CHHACHH AND AQWAAM-E-CHHACHH (URDU) BY MANZOOR AWAN P 175-182
  8. ^ AAEEN-E-AKBARI (URDU) BY ABUL FAZAL_TRANSLATED BY MAULVI FIDA ALI_EDITION 2007_PUBLISHED BY SANG-E-MEEL PUBLICATIONS_P1036_TABLE SERIAL 37, MUKHTASUR TAAREEKH-E-PASHTOON BY PROFESSOR HAMEEDULLAH_2004 P 515, “MEMOIR OF JAHANGIR BY THE LATE SIR H.M. ELLOIT_EDITED BY PROF. JOHN DOWSON_FIRST PUBLISHED 1871_THIS REF FROM PAKISTANI EDITION BY ISLAMIC BOOK SERVICE_EDITION 1975”, AN ACCOUNT OF KINGDOM OF KABUL (VOLUME2) BY MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE_ PUBLISHED BY ‘OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS_KARACHI’ P10-13,
  9. ^ a b GAZETTEER OF THE PESHAWAR DISTRICT P-53/54
  10. ^ YOUSAFZAE (URDU) BY ALLAH BAKHUSH YOUSAFI_EDITION 1960 P 218-219, ‘MUKHTASUR TAAREEKH-E-PASHTOON’(URDU) BY PROFESSOR HAMEEDULLAH_2004 P 48
  11. ^ MUKHTASUR TAAREEKH-E-PASHTOON BY PROFESSOR HAMEEDULLAH_2004 P 49
  12. ^ GAZETTEER OF THE PESHWAR DISTRICT P-54 L28-31
  13. ^ “’TAWAREEKH-E-HAFIZ RAHMAT KHANI’ (URDU) BY PIR MOAZZAM SHAH_REARRANGED WITH NOTES BY ‘KHAN ROSHAN KHAN’_PUBLISHED BY PASHTO ACADEMY-1976 P 83-570”
  14. ^ AFGHNISTAN AND ITS INHABITANTS BY HENRY PRIESTLEY_1874 (REPRODUCED BY SANG-E-MEEL PUBLICATIONS_PAKISTAN_1981 P-55/56, P 129/142/ 222, YOUSAFZAE (URDU) BY ALLAH BAKHUSH YOUSAFI_EDITION 1960 P 77-79/220-226, “ ‘THE KINGDOM OF AFGHANISTAN_A HISTORICAL SKETCH BY G.P.TATE’ -1911_THIS REF PUBLISHED BY ‘INDUS PUBLICATION_1973’ P 12 (FOOT NOTE), “’TAWAREEKH-E-HAFIZ RAHMAT KHANI’ (URDU) BY PIR MOAZZAM SHAH_REARRANGED WITH NOTES BY ‘KHAN ROSHAN KHAN’_ PUBLISHED BY PASHTO ACADEMY-1976 P 83-570”, ‘HUND-AFTER THE GREAT FLOODS(URDU) BY ISLAH PUBLICATIONS_P 58,
  15. ^ AFGHANISTAN AND ITS INHABITANTS P-198 L40-47, GAZETTEER OF THE ATTOCK DISTRICT P-91 L37-41, YOUSAFZAE (URDU) BY ALLAH BAKHUSH YOUSAFI_EDITION 1960 P 77-79, “MEMOIR OF JAHANGIR BY THE LATE SIR H.M. ELLOIT”, TAAREEKH-E-HINDUSTAN_SALTANAT-E-ISLAMIA KA BIAN (HISTORH OF HINDUSTAN_DETAILS OF ISLAMIC KINGDOM) (URDU)-VOLUME 6_’KARNAMA-E-JAHANGIRI’ (DEEDS OF JAHANGIR) P 52,
  16. ^ GAZETTEER OF THE ATTOCK DISTRICT P-91 L37-41, AFGHANISTAN AND ITS INHABITANTS P-198 L40-47, “TAAREEKH-E-HAZARA_TURHON KA EHD (THE TURK’S PERIOD)(URDU)’ BY MUHAMMAD IRSHAD KHAN M.A.M.Ed. _ PUBLISHED AT TUFAIL ART PRINTERS_LAHORE (PAKISTAN)_1976 P 54, HAYAT-E-AFGHANI BY MUHAMMAD HAYAT KHAN_1865 P 371-373
  17. ^ Punjabi Musalmans P-152
  18. ^ “‘There is said to be a colony of about four hundred families of them settled in Dholpur-‘Race of Afghanistan’ by H.W. Bellew_published by Sh. Mubarak Ali_Lahore_Pakistan P 68’
  19. ^ SOLAT-E-AFGHANI’(URDU) BY HAJI MUHAMMAD ZARDAR KHAN_ PRINTED AT ‘MUNSHI NOL KISHORE PRINTIN PRESS’_’ Printing Year Not Given’ P 491-492-‘’………IT IS SO GUESSED THAT THIS TRIBE IS LIVING IN ‘BARI TOWN’ OF DHOLPUR AREA SINCE THEN(AFTER EXPULSION BY JAHANGIR), BUT IT IS NOT PROVED BY ANY BOOK. HERE THEIR LEADER IS SARDAR AHMED KHAN HAJI AND THEIR LANDS ARE FROM THE KING, OUT OF WHICH ONLY RS. 3000/- WORTH OF PROPERTY IS LEFT..(TRANSLATED FROM URDU)….”
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