Sambal language

Sambal
Native to	Philippines
Region	Zambales, Pangasinan, Metro Manila, Palawan
Native speakers	~70,000–75,000
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Central Luzon Sambalic Sambal
Official status
Regulated by	Commission on the Filipino Language
Language codes
ISO 639-2	phi
ISO 639-3	xsb

Sambal or Sambali is a Sambalic language spoken by approximately 70,000 to 75,000 people, primarily in the Zambal municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba, and in the Pangasinense municipality of Infanta in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Panitian,Quezon, Palawan and Barangay Mandaragat or Buncag of Puerto Princesa City.

Phonology

Sambali has 19 phonemes: 16 consonants and three vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple.

Vowels

Sambali has three vowels. They are:

• /a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘father’
• /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘machine’
• /u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel similar to English ‘flute’

There are five main diphthongs: /aɪ/, /uɪ/, /aʊ/, /ij/, and /iʊ/.

Consonants

Below is a chart of Tina consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

		Bilabial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stops	Voiceless	p	t		k	(-) [ʔ]
	Voiced	b	d		g
Affricates	Voiceless			(ts) [tʃ]
	Voiced
Fricatives			s			h
Nasals		m	n		ng [ŋ]
Laterals			l
Flaps			r
Semivowels		w		y [j]

Note: Consonants [d] and [ɾ] sometimes interchange, as they were once allophones. Dy is pronounced [dʒ], ny [ɲ], sy [ʃ], and ty [tʃ].

Stress

Stress is phonemic in Sambal. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. hikó (I) and híko (elbow).

Historical sound changes

Many words pronounced with /s/ and /g/ in Filipino and Cebuano are pronounced with /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Tina. Compare hiko and ba-yo with the Filipino siko and bago.

Grammar

Interrogative Words

Tina - Filipino - English

Ayti - Saan - Where

Vocabulary

Sambal is also termed Tina language in several references. However, the term Tina is considered offensive to some Sambals when referred to them or to their language. It was first used in around the period 1976 to 1979 by researchers under the name of Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL).

Sample texts

Philippine national proverb

Below is a translation in Tina of the Philippine national proverb “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Filipino.

• Sambal: “Hay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinangibatan, kay maka-lato ha ampako-taw-an.”
• Filipino: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”

The Lord’s Prayer

Version from Matthew

Ama mi a ison ha langit,
sambawon a ngalan mo.
Ma-kit mi na komon a pa-mag-ari mo.
Ma-honol komon a kalabayan mo iti ha lota
a bilang anamaot ison ha langit.
Biyan mo kami komon nin
pa-mangan mi para konan yadtin awlo;
tan patawaron mo kami komon ha kawkasalanan mi
a bilang anamaot ha pa-matawad mi
konlan ampagkasalanan komi.
Tan komon ando mo aboloyan a matokso kami,
nokay masbali ipa-lilih mo kamin kay makagawa doka,
ta ikon moy kaarian, kapangyarian tan karangalan a homin
panganggawan. Amen.

Version from Luke

Ama mi, maipatnag komon a banal mon kapangyarian.
Lomato ana komon a awlon sikay mag-ari.
Biyan mo kamin pa-mangan mi sa inawlo-awlo.
Inga-rowan mo kami sa kawkasalanan mi bilang
pa-nginganga-ro mi konlan nagkasalanan komi
tan ando mo kami aboloyan manabo sa tokso.
Wamoyo.

See also

• Languages of the Philippines

External links

• Template:PDF
• Sample recordings from the GRN Network in Tina and its Candelariero sub-variety