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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
[[File:Caspershaferhouse1741.jpg|thumb|right|Casper Shafer built this house in Stillwater, New Jersey—the log cabin portion of the structure (left) was built c. 1742, the main stone section (right) c. 1750. The architecture is typical of colonial-era and early American houses built by the Palatine German emigrants who settled in the Paulins Kill valley.]]
[[File:Caspershaferhouse1741.jpg|thumb|right|Casper Shafer's house in Stillwater, New Jersey—the log cabin portion of the structure (left) was built c. 1742, the main stone section (right) c. 1750. The architecture is typical of colonial-era and early American houses built by the Palatine German emigrants who settled in the Paulins Kill valley.]]
[[File:Shafer Grist Mill (Stillwater, NJ) from SE 1.jpg|thumb|right|Casper Shafer (1711-1784) constructed the first mill here in 1764, after an 1844 fire, it was reconstructed.]]
[[File:Shafer Grist Mill (Stillwater, NJ) from SE 1.jpg|thumb|right|Casper Shafer (1711-1784) constructed the first mill here in 1764, after an 1844 fire, it was reconstructed.]]
'''Casper Shafer''' (1712 - 17 December 1784) was among the first settlers of [[Stillwater Township|Stillwater]] along the [[Paulins Kill]] in [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]], [[New Jersey]] in the [[United States]]. A successful miller and early tavern owner, Shafer later served in the first sessions of the [[New Jersey state legislature]] during the [[American Revolution]].
'''Casper Shafer''' (1712 - 17 December 1784) was among the first settlers of of the village of [[Stillwater Township|Stillwater]] along the [[Paulins Kill]] in [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]], [[New Jersey]] in the [[United States]]. A successful miller and early tavern owner, Shafer later served in the first sessions of the [[New Jersey state legislature]] during the [[American Revolution]].


Shafer was born in 1712 in the [[Rheinland-Pfalz]]. He was among tens of thousands of [[German Palatines]] who escaped conditions of war and poverty in southwestern Germany throughout the eighteenth century and journeyed up the Rhine River to Rotterdam seeking passage to the New World.<ref>For histories of the Palatine emigration, see: Knittle, Walter Allen. (1937). ''Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration: A British Government Redemptioner Project to Manufacture Naval Stores''. Philadelphia: Dorrance; Statt, Daniel. (1995). ''Foreigners and Englishmen: The Controversy over Immigration and Population, 1660-1760''. Newark, Delaware): University of Delaware Press; and Olson, Alison. "The English reception of the Huguenots, Palatines and Salzburgers, 1680-1734: A Comparative Analysis," in Vigne, R. and Littleton, C. (editors). (2001). ''From Strangers to Citizens: The Integration of Immigrant Communities in Britain, Ireland and Colonial America, 1550-1750''. Brighton England/Portland, Oregon: The Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland and Sussex Academic Press.</ref> From [[Rotterdam]], Shafer emigrated to the American colonies aboard the ship ''Queen Elizabeth'' commanded by Alexander Hope, and entered [[Philadelphia]] on 16 September 1738.<ref>Rupp, Israel Daniel. (1875, 1898). ''A collection of upwards of thirty thousand names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and other immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727-1776''. Philadelphia: Leary, Stuart & Co. : 120</ref> At sometime after 1741, Shafer married Maria Catrina Bernhardt (1722-1794), the daughter of Johan Peter Bernhardt (d. 1748) and his wife (unknown).<ref>Despite the inscription on Bernhardt's tombstone claiming that he arrived in North America in 1731, it is likely a typo, he and his family did not emigrate until 1741 according to Rupp, ''supra'' at 145-146; and Schaeffer, ''infra'', at 26.</ref> Shafer, his father-in-law, Bernhardt, and his brother-in-law John George Wintermute (1711-1782),<ref>Wintermute had married Margaretha Elisabetha Bernhardt, the older sister of Shafer's wife. See Wintermute, J. P. (1900). ''The Wintermute Family History''. Columbus, Ohio: The Champlin Press.</ref> and their families settled along the [[Paulins Kill]] in northwestern New Jersey circa 1742. This settlement became the village of Stillwater. The first year the conditions were spartan, and the settlers shared a [[log cabin]] located over a large stump which served as the family's table.<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs">Schaeffer, Casper (M.D.) and Johnson, William M. (1907) ''Memoirs and Reminiscences: Together with Sketches of the Early History of Sussex County, New Jersey''. Hackensack, New Jersey: privately printed</ref>{{rp|p.22-23,30}} Shafer's four children were all born in Stillwater—Peter (1744-1799), Margaretta (1745–1815), Abraham (1754–1820) and Isaac (1760–1800).<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.135}}
Shafer was born in 1712 in the [[Rheinland-Pfalz]] in present-day [[Germany]]. He was among tens of thousands of [[German Palatines]] who escaped conditions of war and poverty in southwestern Germany throughout the eighteenth century and journeyed up the Rhine River to Rotterdam seeking passage to the New World.<ref>For histories of the Palatine emigration, see: Knittle, Walter Allen. (1937). ''Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration: A British Government Redemptioner Project to Manufacture Naval Stores''. Philadelphia: Dorrance; Statt, Daniel. (1995). ''Foreigners and Englishmen: The Controversy over Immigration and Population, 1660-1760''. Newark, Delaware): University of Delaware Press; and Olson, Alison. "The English reception of the Huguenots, Palatines and Salzburgers, 1680-1734: A Comparative Analysis," in Vigne, R. and Littleton, C. (editors). (2001). ''From Strangers to Citizens: The Integration of Immigrant Communities in Britain, Ireland and Colonial America, 1550-1750''. Brighton England/Portland, Oregon: The Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland and Sussex Academic Press.</ref> From [[Rotterdam]], Shafer emigrated to the American colonies aboard the ship ''Queen Elizabeth'' commanded by Alexander Hope, and entered [[Philadelphia]] on 16 September 1738.<ref>Rupp, Israel Daniel. (1875, 1898). ''A collection of upwards of thirty thousand names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and other immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727-1776''. Philadelphia: Leary, Stuart & Co. : 120</ref> At sometime after 1741, Shafer married Maria Catrina Bernhardt (1722-1794), the daughter of Johan Peter Bernhardt (d. 1748).<ref>Despite the inscription on Bernhardt's tombstone claiming that he arrived in North America in 1731, it is likely a typo, he and his family did not emigrate until 1741 according to Rupp, ''supra'' at 145-146; and Schaeffer, ''infra'' at 26.</ref> Shafer, his father-in-law, Johan Peter Bernhardt, his brother-in-law John George Wintermute (1711-1782),<ref>Wintermute had married Margaretha Elisabetha Bernhardt, the older sister of Shafer's wife. See Wintermute, J. P. (1900). ''The Wintermute Family History''. Columbus, Ohio: The Champlin Press : passim.</ref> and their families settled along the [[Paulins Kill]] in northwestern New Jersey circa 1742. Over the next few decades, more German Palatine families settled here, and this settlement became the village of Stillwater. During the first year the conditions were spartan, and the settlers shared a [[log cabin]] located over a large stump which served as the family's table.<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs">Schaeffer, Casper (M.D.) and Johnson, William M. (1907) ''Memoirs and Reminiscences: Together with Sketches of the Early History of Sussex County, New Jersey''. Hackensack, New Jersey: privately printed</ref>{{rp|p.22-23,30}} Shafer's four children were all born in Stillwater—Peter (1744-1799), Margaretta (1745–1815), Abraham (1754–1820) and Isaac (1760–1800).<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.135}}


A few years after settling, Shafer erected a rudimentary gristmill along the Paulins Kill approximately 900 yards north of the site of the larger mill he built in 1764. This first mill ground out five bushels of flour per day."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.9}} In later years, Shafer built a saw mill, oil-mill and tannery at the site and later purchased slaves to assist him with the farming and industrial production. <ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.9,30}} He also established large orchards, mostly of apple trees that were later described as growing to "a majestic size, some of them attaining to over three feet in diameter at the butt."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.31}} When Sussex County was established in 1753, the first session of the government granted Shafer and a few other early residents with licenses to operate taverns.<ref>Edsall, Benjamin Bailey; Tuttle, Joseph Farrand (1853). ''The First Sussex Centennary''. (sic) Newark, New Jersey: The Daily Advertiser: 27.</ref> Each year, Shafer would navigate down the Paulins Kill and Delaware River by flatboat "carrying flour and other produce down to the Philadelphia market" and returning with "such goods as the wants of the country in its primitive state seemed
A few years after settling, Shafer erected a rudimentary [[grist mill]] along the Paulins Kill approximately 900 yards north of the site of the surviving larger mill he built in 1764. This first mill ground out five bushels of flour per day."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.9}} In later years, Shafer built a [[saw mill]], oil-mill and [[tannery]] at the site and later purchased several [[African-American]] [[slave]]s to assist him with the farming and industrial production.<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.9,30}} He also established large orchards, mostly of apple trees that were later described as growing to "a majestic size, some of them attaining to over three feet in diameter at the butt."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.31}} When Sussex County was established in 1753, the first session of the [[Court of General Sessions]] granted licenses to Shafer and a few other early residents to operate [[tavern]]s.<ref>Edsall, Benjamin Bailey; Tuttle, Joseph Farrand (1853). ''The First Sussex Centennary''. (sic) Newark, New Jersey: The Daily Advertiser: 27.</ref>
Each year, Shafer would navigate down the Paulins Kill and Delaware River by flatboat "carrying flour and other produce down to the Philadelphia market" and returning with "such goods as the wants of the country in its primitive state seemed
to demand."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|pp.32-33}} The pattern of trade in the region was focused toward Philadelphia, and for several years Shafer did not have any knowledge of English coastal cities in [[Newark Bay]]. The local [[Munsee people|Munsee]] tribe of the ([[Lenape]]) informed him of a town they called ''Lispatone''—that is, [[Elizabethtown]] (present-day [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]])—which he had not heard of. According to Schaeffer, "he journeyed in that direction some fifty miles over the mountains and through the almost trackless wilderness, until he finally arrived at the veritable town...where he commenced trading in his small way. And thus he was the pioneer in opening a profitable and important commercial intercourse between the south eastern sea-board,
to demand."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|pp.32-33}} The pattern of trade in the region was focused toward Philadelphia, and for several years Shafer did not have any knowledge of English coastal cities in [[Newark Bay]]. The local [[Munsee people|Munsee]] tribe of the ([[Lenape]]) informed him of a town they called ''Lispatone''—that is, [[Elizabethtown]] (present-day [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]])—which he had not heard of. According to Schaeffer, "he journeyed in that direction some fifty miles over the mountains and through the almost trackless wilderness, until he finally arrived at the veritable town...where he commenced trading in his small way. And thus he was the pioneer in opening a profitable and important commercial intercourse between the south eastern sea-board,
and that part of New Jersey."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.33}} It was not until 1756-1757 that a [[Military Road (New Jersey)|military supply road]] built by [[Jonathan Hampton]] opened up connecting Elizabeth and [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]] with the northwestern frontier.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/dewa/planyourvisit/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=153843 "Guide to Military Trail"]. National Park Service brochure. Retrieved 8 March 2013.</ref><ref>Thieme, John Daniel. "The Minisink Front: Hampton's Military Road and the Frontier Forts, 1755-1760" (unpublished manuscript). Sussex County Historical Society, Newton, New Jersey.</ref>
and that part of New Jersey."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.33}} It was not until 1756-1757 that a [[Military Road (New Jersey)|military supply road]] built by [[Jonathan Hampton]] opened up connecting Elizabeth and [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]] with the northwestern frontier.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/dewa/planyourvisit/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=153843 "Guide to Military Trail"]. National Park Service brochure. Retrieved 8 March 2013.</ref><ref>Thieme, John Daniel. "The Minisink Front: Hampton's Military Road and the Frontier Forts, 1755-1760" (unpublished manuscript). Sussex County Historical Society, Newton, New Jersey.</ref>
Line 12: Line 14:
In 1775, Shafer was a member of the [[Committee of Safety]] for Sussex County, and was charged with raising £10,000 to "purchase arms and ammunition and for other exigencies
In 1775, Shafer was a member of the [[Committee of Safety]] for Sussex County, and was charged with raising £10,000 to "purchase arms and ammunition and for other exigencies
of the Province."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.10}} The following year, Shafer, Thomas Peterson and Abia Brown represented the County in the Provincial Congress whose session began at Burlington on 10 June 1776 establishing the government as the former colony became an independent state, deposed the Royal Governor, [[William Franklin]], and established the state's first constitution.<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.11}} In August, the Provincial Congress met in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] and transformed into the state's first Legislature. Shafer represented the county for the next three years, and was described as "faithful in his attendance at the various meetings at Princeton,
of the Province."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.10}} The following year, Shafer, Thomas Peterson and Abia Brown represented the County in the Provincial Congress whose session began at Burlington on 10 June 1776 establishing the government as the former colony became an independent state, deposed the Royal Governor, [[William Franklin]], and established the state's first constitution.<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.11}} In August, the Provincial Congress met in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] and transformed into the state's first Legislature. Shafer represented the county for the next three years, and was described as "faithful in his attendance at the various meetings at Princeton,
Trenton, Burlington and Haddonfield. His vote is recorded on almost every question, and always in favor of the most vigorous and aggressive measures for carrying on the war."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.13}}
[[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], [[Burlington, New Jersey|Burlington]] and [[Haddonfield, New Jersey|Haddonfield]]. His vote is recorded on almost every question, and always in favor of the most vigorous and aggressive measures for carrying on the war."<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|p.13}}


Casper Shafer died on 7 February 1784 in Stillwater and was buried in [[Stillwater Cemetery (Stillwater, New Jersey)|Stillwater Cemetery]]. His service was conducted by [[Ira Condict|Rev. Ira Condict]] who then supplied the Presbyterian congregation of Upper Hardwick (now Yellow Frame Presbyterian Church).<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|pp.42-43}} His tombstone reads:
Casper Shafer died on 7 February 1784 in Stillwater. Shafer disagreed on matters of doctrine with the German Reformed and Lutheran clergy who supplied the local church, the "Dutch Meeting House" (now a [[Stillwater Presbyterian Church (Stillwater, New Jersey)|presbyterian congregation]]), and in his last years became cordially acquainted with Presbyterian clergyman [[Ira Condict|Rev. Ira Condict]]. Condict, who would later become President of Queen's College (now [[Rutgers University]]) had been called to serve the nearby Presbyterian congregation of Upper Hardwick (now Yellow Frame Presbyterian Church). Shafer requested that Condict perform his burial service, but because the German clergy objected to Condict using the church building, Condict eulogized Shafer from the church's front steps.<ref name="CSchaefferMemoirs" />{{rp|pp.42-43}} Casper Shafer was buried in the [[Stillwater Cemetery (Stillwater, New Jersey)|churchyard at Stillwater]] and his tombstone reads:


<blockquote><poem>
<blockquote><poem>
Line 25: Line 27:
</poem></blockquote>
</poem></blockquote>


On 10 December 2009, the Grist Mill built by Casper Shafer, and operated after his death by his son Abraham, was listed as the [[Casper and Abraham Shafer Grist Mill Complex]] on the [[New Jersey Register of Historic Places|state]] and [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Sussex County, New Jersey|National Register of Historic Places]].
On 10 December 2009, the grist mill built by Casper Shafer, and operated after his death by his son Abraham, was listed as the [[Casper and Abraham Shafer Grist Mill Complex]] on the [[New Jersey Register of Historic Places|state]] and [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Sussex County, New Jersey|National Register of Historic Places]].
<ref name=NJRHP>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - Historic Preservation Office. (1 December 2011) [http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/sussex.pdf New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Sussex County]. Retrieved 8 March 2013.</ref><ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> The site is currently owned by the Ridge and Valley Conservancy, a [[non-profit organization]] dedicated to local environmental protection and historic preservation.<ref>State of New Jersey. [http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/legislativepub/Pubhear/121100rs.htm Transcript of the State House Commission Meeting (11 December 2000)]. Accessed 8 March 2013. Quote: "MR. McGLYNN: Item No. 24 is the Stillwater Grist Mill site, Block 3306, Lot 12, and Block 3203-A, Lot 1.02, Stillwater Township. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Green Acres Program, requests approval to enter into a five-year lease with the Ridge and Valley Conservancy, a nonprofit conservation organization, for the preservation and restoration of the Stillwater Grist Mill site in Sussex County."</ref> It is frequently open for public visitation and educational events.
<ref name=NJRHP>New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - Historic Preservation Office. (1 December 2011) [http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/sussex.pdf New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Sussex County]. Retrieved 8 March 2013.</ref><ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> The site is currently owned by the Ridge and Valley Conservancy, a [[non-profit organization]] dedicated to local environmental protection and historic preservation.<ref>State of New Jersey. [http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/legislativepub/Pubhear/121100rs.htm Transcript of the State House Commission Meeting (11 December 2000)]. Accessed 8 March 2013. Quote: "MR. McGLYNN: Item No. 24 is the Stillwater Grist Mill site, Block 3306, Lot 12, and Block 3203-A, Lot 1.02, Stillwater Township. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Green Acres Program, requests approval to enter into a five-year lease with the Ridge and Valley Conservancy, a nonprofit conservation organization, for the preservation and restoration of the Stillwater Grist Mill site in Sussex County."</ref> It is frequently open for public visitation and educational events.


Revision as of 00:08, 9 March 2013

File:Caspershaferhouse1741.jpg
Casper Shafer's house in Stillwater, New Jersey—the log cabin portion of the structure (left) was built c. 1742, the main stone section (right) c. 1750. The architecture is typical of colonial-era and early American houses built by the Palatine German emigrants who settled in the Paulins Kill valley.
Casper Shafer (1711-1784) constructed the first mill here in 1764, after an 1844 fire, it was reconstructed.

Casper Shafer (1712 - 17 December 1784) was among the first settlers of of the village of Stillwater along the Paulins Kill in Sussex County, New Jersey in the United States. A successful miller and early tavern owner, Shafer later served in the first sessions of the New Jersey state legislature during the American Revolution.

Shafer was born in 1712 in the Rheinland-Pfalz in present-day Germany. He was among tens of thousands of German Palatines who escaped conditions of war and poverty in southwestern Germany throughout the eighteenth century and journeyed up the Rhine River to Rotterdam seeking passage to the New World.[1] From Rotterdam, Shafer emigrated to the American colonies aboard the ship Queen Elizabeth commanded by Alexander Hope, and entered Philadelphia on 16 September 1738.[2] At sometime after 1741, Shafer married Maria Catrina Bernhardt (1722-1794), the daughter of Johan Peter Bernhardt (d. 1748).[3] Shafer, his father-in-law, Johan Peter Bernhardt, his brother-in-law John George Wintermute (1711-1782),[4] and their families settled along the Paulins Kill in northwestern New Jersey circa 1742. Over the next few decades, more German Palatine families settled here, and this settlement became the village of Stillwater. During the first year the conditions were spartan, and the settlers shared a log cabin located over a large stump which served as the family's table.[5]: p.22-23, 30  Shafer's four children were all born in Stillwater—Peter (1744-1799), Margaretta (1745–1815), Abraham (1754–1820) and Isaac (1760–1800).[5]: p.135 

A few years after settling, Shafer erected a rudimentary grist mill along the Paulins Kill approximately 900 yards north of the site of the surviving larger mill he built in 1764. This first mill ground out five bushels of flour per day."[5]: p.9  In later years, Shafer built a saw mill, oil-mill and tannery at the site and later purchased several African-American slaves to assist him with the farming and industrial production.[5]: p.9, 30  He also established large orchards, mostly of apple trees that were later described as growing to "a majestic size, some of them attaining to over three feet in diameter at the butt."[5]: p.31  When Sussex County was established in 1753, the first session of the Court of General Sessions granted licenses to Shafer and a few other early residents to operate taverns.[6]

Each year, Shafer would navigate down the Paulins Kill and Delaware River by flatboat "carrying flour and other produce down to the Philadelphia market" and returning with "such goods as the wants of the country in its primitive state seemed to demand."[5]: pp.32-33  The pattern of trade in the region was focused toward Philadelphia, and for several years Shafer did not have any knowledge of English coastal cities in Newark Bay. The local Munsee tribe of the (Lenape) informed him of a town they called Lispatone—that is, Elizabethtown (present-day Elizabeth, New Jersey)—which he had not heard of. According to Schaeffer, "he journeyed in that direction some fifty miles over the mountains and through the almost trackless wilderness, until he finally arrived at the veritable town...where he commenced trading in his small way. And thus he was the pioneer in opening a profitable and important commercial intercourse between the south eastern sea-board, and that part of New Jersey."[5]: p.33  It was not until 1756-1757 that a military supply road built by Jonathan Hampton opened up connecting Elizabeth and Morristown with the northwestern frontier.[7][8]

In 1775, Shafer was a member of the Committee of Safety for Sussex County, and was charged with raising £10,000 to "purchase arms and ammunition and for other exigencies of the Province."[5]: p.10  The following year, Shafer, Thomas Peterson and Abia Brown represented the County in the Provincial Congress whose session began at Burlington on 10 June 1776 establishing the government as the former colony became an independent state, deposed the Royal Governor, William Franklin, and established the state's first constitution.[5]: p.11  In August, the Provincial Congress met in Princeton and transformed into the state's first Legislature. Shafer represented the county for the next three years, and was described as "faithful in his attendance at the various meetings at Princeton, Trenton, Burlington and Haddonfield. His vote is recorded on almost every question, and always in favor of the most vigorous and aggressive measures for carrying on the war."[5]: p.13 

Casper Shafer died on 7 February 1784 in Stillwater. Shafer disagreed on matters of doctrine with the German Reformed and Lutheran clergy who supplied the local church, the "Dutch Meeting House" (now a presbyterian congregation), and in his last years became cordially acquainted with Presbyterian clergyman Rev. Ira Condict. Condict, who would later become President of Queen's College (now Rutgers University) had been called to serve the nearby Presbyterian congregation of Upper Hardwick (now Yellow Frame Presbyterian Church). Shafer requested that Condict perform his burial service, but because the German clergy objected to Condict using the church building, Condict eulogized Shafer from the church's front steps.[5]: pp.42-43  Casper Shafer was buried in the churchyard at Stillwater and his tombstone reads:

C. S.
In memory of
Casper Shaver, who
departed this life Dec.
the 7th, 1784, in the 72
year of his age.[5]: p.16 

On 10 December 2009, the grist mill built by Casper Shafer, and operated after his death by his son Abraham, was listed as the Casper and Abraham Shafer Grist Mill Complex on the state and National Register of Historic Places. [9][10] The site is currently owned by the Ridge and Valley Conservancy, a non-profit organization dedicated to local environmental protection and historic preservation.[11] It is frequently open for public visitation and educational events.

See also

References

  1. ^ For histories of the Palatine emigration, see: Knittle, Walter Allen. (1937). Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration: A British Government Redemptioner Project to Manufacture Naval Stores. Philadelphia: Dorrance; Statt, Daniel. (1995). Foreigners and Englishmen: The Controversy over Immigration and Population, 1660-1760. Newark, Delaware): University of Delaware Press; and Olson, Alison. "The English reception of the Huguenots, Palatines and Salzburgers, 1680-1734: A Comparative Analysis," in Vigne, R. and Littleton, C. (editors). (2001). From Strangers to Citizens: The Integration of Immigrant Communities in Britain, Ireland and Colonial America, 1550-1750. Brighton England/Portland, Oregon: The Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland and Sussex Academic Press.
  2. ^ Rupp, Israel Daniel. (1875, 1898). A collection of upwards of thirty thousand names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and other immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727-1776. Philadelphia: Leary, Stuart & Co. : 120
  3. ^ Despite the inscription on Bernhardt's tombstone claiming that he arrived in North America in 1731, it is likely a typo, he and his family did not emigrate until 1741 according to Rupp, supra at 145-146; and Schaeffer, infra at 26.
  4. ^ Wintermute had married Margaretha Elisabetha Bernhardt, the older sister of Shafer's wife. See Wintermute, J. P. (1900). The Wintermute Family History. Columbus, Ohio: The Champlin Press : passim.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Schaeffer, Casper (M.D.) and Johnson, William M. (1907) Memoirs and Reminiscences: Together with Sketches of the Early History of Sussex County, New Jersey. Hackensack, New Jersey: privately printed
  6. ^ Edsall, Benjamin Bailey; Tuttle, Joseph Farrand (1853). The First Sussex Centennary. (sic) Newark, New Jersey: The Daily Advertiser: 27.
  7. ^ "Guide to Military Trail". National Park Service brochure. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  8. ^ Thieme, John Daniel. "The Minisink Front: Hampton's Military Road and the Frontier Forts, 1755-1760" (unpublished manuscript). Sussex County Historical Society, Newton, New Jersey.
  9. ^ New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - Historic Preservation Office. (1 December 2011) New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Sussex County. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  10. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 9 July 2010.
  11. ^ State of New Jersey. Transcript of the State House Commission Meeting (11 December 2000). Accessed 8 March 2013. Quote: "MR. McGLYNN: Item No. 24 is the Stillwater Grist Mill site, Block 3306, Lot 12, and Block 3203-A, Lot 1.02, Stillwater Township. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Green Acres Program, requests approval to enter into a five-year lease with the Ridge and Valley Conservancy, a nonprofit conservation organization, for the preservation and restoration of the Stillwater Grist Mill site in Sussex County."
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