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Added two of the major ingredients of Aquaphor, mineral oil and ceresin.
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An active ingredient and [[OTC]]{{dn|date=March 2016}} skin protectant, petrolatum forms an occlusive barrier on the skin and helps retain moisture.<ref>FDA OTC>{{cite web | title= 21 CFR Part 347 Skin Protectant | url= http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=347 |accessdate= 28 October 2014}}</ref>
An active ingredient and [[OTC]]{{dn|date=March 2016}} skin protectant, petrolatum forms an occlusive barrier on the skin and helps retain moisture.<ref>FDA OTC>{{cite web | title= 21 CFR Part 347 Skin Protectant | url= http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=347 |accessdate= 28 October 2014}}</ref>

'''[[Mineral Oil]]'''

A colorless, odorless, light oil, commonly obtained as a highly refined derivative of crude oil.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Mineral+oil Mineral oil (Dictionary.com)]</ref> [[Baby oil]] is a perfumed variety of mineral oil.

'''[[Ceresin]]'''

A wax derived from the purification of the natural wax [[ozokerite]].<ref>[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/ceresin Ceresin (Dictionary.com)]</ref>


'''Lanolin Alcohol'''
'''Lanolin Alcohol'''

Revision as of 18:11, 25 March 2016

Aquaphor
File:Aquaphor Healing Ointment Logo.png
Aquaphor Healing Ointment Logo
Product typeSkin protectant ointment
OwnerBeiersdorf AG
Introduced1925
Websitewww.discoveraquaphor.com

Aquaphor is a brand of over-the-counter (OTC) skin care ointments manufactured by Beiersdorf Inc., an affiliate of Beiersdorf AG. Aquaphor is offered in four product ranges: There are two skin protectant ointments.[1] Aquaphor Original Ointment, used as a compounding agent [2][3] and Aquaphor Advanced Therapy Healing Ointment, sold in mass retail outlets. The other product ranges include: Aquaphor Lip Repair and Lip Repair + Protect SPF 30, and Aquaphor Baby.

Aquaphor has been available in the US market for over 90 years. In accordance with the Food and Drug Administration's OTC Skin Protectant Monograph [4] Aquaphor, containing 41% petrolatum (active ingredient), temporarily protects minor cuts, scrapes, and burns; protects and helps relieve chapped or cracked skin and lips; helps protect from the drying effects of wind and cold weather.[5]

Aquaphor is used and recommended by health care professionals for minor post-operative wounds or defects.[6]

History

First US trademark for ″Aquaphor″, dated May 26, 1925

1925: Aquaphor was developed in the Beiersdorf Inc laboratories in the USA. It was trademarked that year by Herman A. Metz, president of Beiersdorf Inc at that time.

1929: Beiersdorf sold Aquaphor’s trade marks to Duke Laboratories in order to manufacture products in the country.[7]

1936: Aquaphor’s first product offering was sold to doctors, pharmacists and hospitals in 5 lb. containers.

1960: Aquaphor production was discontinued during World War II and restarted by Duke Laboratiories in 1960. 1 lb cans and 2 oz tubes were sold to medical professionals.[7]

1973: Beiersdorf repurchased all trademarks from Duke Laboratories.[7]

1982: Aquaphor tube was introduced and directly sold to consumers for the first time.

1991: A new formulation Aquaphor Advanced Therapy Healing Ointment was launched, an addition to the Aquaphor Original Ointment.

2003: Aquaphor Baby Healing Ointment & Gentle Wash were introduced.

2011: Aquaphor Lip Repair was introduced

2012: Aquaphor Lip Repair + Protect SPF 30 was launched and Aquaphor is launched globally by Beiersdorf affiliates in 25 other countries.

2013: Aquaphor achieved the Good Housekeeping Seal.[8]

Properties and ingredients

Aquaphor absorbs the skin’s natural wound exudates, keeping the wound moist to help promote healing.[9]

Aquaphor is not comedogenic and does not contain any fragrances, preservatives, or dyes.[10]

Unlike Vaseline (100% petrolatum), which is occlusive, Aquaphor (41% petrolatum) forms a semi-occlusive barrier on the skin. This enables the transmission of water and oxygen, which is important for wound healing and the formation of a protective moist healing environment.[11]

Key Ingredients

Petrolatum

An active ingredient and OTC[disambiguation needed] skin protectant, petrolatum forms an occlusive barrier on the skin and helps retain moisture.[12]

Mineral Oil

A colorless, odorless, light oil, commonly obtained as a highly refined derivative of crude oil.[13] Baby oil is a perfumed variety of mineral oil.

Ceresin

A wax derived from the purification of the natural wax ozokerite.[14]

Lanolin Alcohol

A subfraction of Lanolin (Wool Wax), a mixture of hydrocarbons that imparts emulsifying properties and provides emolliency (skin smoothing properties). Lanolin Alcohol is composed of Cholesterol, other sterols, and free fatty acids.[15] Moisturizers containing Cholesterol and fatty acid mixtures have been shown to provide skin benefits.[16]

Glycerin

A natural moisturizing factor (NMF) and humectant that attracts and binds moisture in the stratum corneum (outer-most layer of epidermis), helping to keep it hydrated. It is commonly used as an moisturizing agent in lotions, creams, and cosmetics.[17]

[18][19]

Panthenol

Also known as pro- Vitamin B5 , when applied topically, has humectant properties and conditions the skin.[20] [21]

Bisabolol

Derived from the Chamomile plant, bisabolol can have anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and healing effects in-vivo.[22] [23]

Events

Every year, New York City holds a triathlon in Manhattan. The triathlons in July 2012 and July 2013 were sponsored by Aquaphor and had approximately 3000 triathletes competing.[24][25]

References

  1. ^ FDA OTC>"21 CFR Part 310 Drugs for Human Use". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  2. ^ UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy >"The Pharmaceutics and Compounding Laboratory". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  3. ^ Pharmacist's Letter >"Non-Sterile Compounding for the Community Pharmacy: Topical Preparations and Oral Liquid Dosage Forms". Pharmacist's Letter. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  4. ^ FDA OTC>"21 CFR Part 310 Drugs for Human Use". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  5. ^ FDA OTC>"21 CFR Part 347 Skin Protectant". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  6. ^ Nijhawan, Rajiv I; Smith, Lauren A; Kavita, Mariwalla (2013). "The Use of Topical Emollients in Post-Operative Wound Care Among Mohs Surgeons". Dermatol Surg. 39 (8). Wiley Periodicals Inc.: 2–6. doi:10.1111/dsu.12245. PMID 23777421.
  7. ^ a b c Jones, Geoffrey; Lubinski, Christina (2011). "Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990" (PDF). Oxford University Press: 21, 25, 31. Retrieved 28 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Good Housekeeping >"Good Housekeeping Seal". p. 12. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  9. ^ Trookman, Nathan S; Rizer, Ronald L; Weber, Teresa (2011). "Treatment of minor wounds from dermatologic procedures: A comparison of three topical wound care ointments using a laser wound model". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 64 (3). American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.: 8–15. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.011. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 21247665.
  10. ^ Trookman, Nathan S; Rizer, Ronald L; Weber, Teresa (2011). "Treatment of minor wounds from dermatologic procedures: A comparison of three topical wound care ointments using a laser wound model". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 64 (3). American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.: 23–29. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.011. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 21247665.
  11. ^ Field, Charles K; Kerstein, Morris D (1994). "Overview of Wound Healing in a Moist Environment". The American Journal of Surgery. 167 (1A). Department of Surgery, Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 2–6.
  12. ^ FDA OTC>"21 CFR Part 347 Skin Protectant". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  13. ^ Mineral oil (Dictionary.com)
  14. ^ Ceresin (Dictionary.com)
  15. ^ Loden, Marie; Barany, Ebba (2008). "Skin-identical Lipids Versus Petrolatum in the Treatment of Tape-stripped and Detergent-perturbed Human Skin". Acad Dermatol Venerol. 80 (8). Taylor & Francis: 412–415. ISSN 0001-5555. PMID 11243632.
  16. ^ Buraczewska, I.; Berne, B.; Lindberg, M.; Torma, H.; Loden, M. (2007). "Changes in skin barrier function following long-term treatment with moisturizers, a randomized controlled trial". British Journal of Dermatology. 156 (3). British Association of Dermatologists: 492–498. doi:10.111/j.1356-2133.2006.07685. PMID 17300239. Retrieved 28 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
  17. ^ Bjoerklund, Sebastian; Engblom, Johan; Sparr, Emma (2013). "Glycerol and urea can be used to increase skin permeability in reduced hydration conditions". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 50 (5). Elsevier B.V.: 638–645. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.022.
  18. ^ Fluhr, J.W.; Gloor, M.; Lehmann, L.; Lazzerini, S; Distante, F.; Berardeska, E. (1999). "Glycerol Accelerates Recovery of Barrier Function In Vivo". Acta Derm Venereol. 79 (6). Scandinavian University Press.: 418–421. doi:10.1080/000155599750009825. PMID 10598752.
  19. ^ Fluhr, J.W.; Darlenski, R.; Surber, C. (2008). "Glycerol and the skin: holistic approach to its origin and functions". B J Dermatology. 159 (79). PubMed: 418–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08643. PMID 18510666. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  20. ^ Ebner, Fritz; Heller, Andreas; Rippke, Frank; Tausch, Irene (2002). "Topical Use of Dexpanthenol in Skin Disorders". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 3 (6). Springer International Publishing .: 427–433. doi:10.2165/00128071-00005. ISSN 1175-0561. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  21. ^ Proksch, E.; Nissen, H.P. (2002). "Dexpanthenol enhances skin barrier repair and reduces inflammation after sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritation". J Dermatology Treat. 13 (4). PubMed: 173–178. doi:10.1080/09546630212345674. PMID 19753737. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  22. ^ Kim, S.; Jung, E.; Kim, JH; Park, YH; Lee, J.; Park, J. (2011). "Inhibitory effects of (-)-α -bisabolol on LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages". Food Chemical Toxicol. 49 (10). PubMed: 2580–2585. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.076. PMID 21771629. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  23. ^ Arenberger, P.; Arenbergerova, M.; Drozenova, H.; Hladikova, M; Holcova, S. (2011). "Effect of topical heparin and levomenol an atopic dermatitis: a randomized four-arm, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venerol. 25 (6). PubMed: 688–694. doi:10.111/j.1468-3083.2010.03950. PMID 21214633. Retrieved 27 October 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help)
  24. ^ Aquaphor>Wilburn, Glenn. "Thousands of athletes compete in Aquaphor NYC Triathlon". Fox NY. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  25. ^ Aquaphor>Carvajal, Kathy. "Aquaphor NYC Triathlon 2013". Fox NY. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
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