William Kilpatrick Stewart

Air Vice-Marshal William Kilpatrick Stewart CB CBE AFC (1914 – 1967) was a Scottish researcher in aerospace physiology; senior consultant in physiology to the RAF, and commanding officer, RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine.

Early life and education

William Kilpatrick Stewart was born the son of Dr. John Stewart at Hamilton, Lanarkshire. He attended Hamilton Academy. After the Academy, Stewart matriculated at Glasgow University, graduating in medicine in 1936.

Career

Example of a G suit, the MSF830 Anti-G Suit

After appointments in Glasgow Western Infirmary he became MRC Research Fellow at Cambridge University, working under Lord Adrian and Sir Bryan Matthews. Joining the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in 1938, he was appointed to the RAF Physiology Laboratory at Farnborough in 1940. During the war years Stewart was to conduct original research into the physiological effects of acceleration and deceleration, extreme heat and cold and decompression, and was engaged in the design of the ejector seat, G suits and oxygen systems. He had a Gloster Gladiator aircraft converted into a flying mini-laboratory, and he himself flew some 300 test flights, using himself as a ‘guinea pig’ in his research. He was awarded the Air Force Cross in 1941.

Following the end of the Second World War, Stewart was highly instrumental in the successful establishment and operation of the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine at Farnborough, and in 1946 was appointed its commanding officer. He was also an honorary lecturer in aviation physiology at the University of Glasgow.

Awards and honours

In 1956, Stewart was awarded the Sir Charles Wakefield Gold Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and in 1961 the Theodore C. Lyster award of the Aerospace Medical Association of the United States.

William Kilpatrick Stewart was invested CBE in 1953, CB in 1964 and appointed an Honorary Physician to HM Queen Elizabeth II on 5 July 1966. He died, at the Royal Air Force Hospital, Uxbridge, England, 2 May 1967. In 1969 the Stewart Lecture at the Royal Aeronautical Society, London, was established in his memory.