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[[File:Brod Dragash.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Sharr Mountains National Park]]]]
[[File:Brod Dragash.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Sharr Mountains National Park]]]]


[[Kosovo]]{{ref label|status|a|}} is characterised by a diverse [[biodiversity]] and an abundance of different [[ecosystem]]s and [[habitat]]s determined by the [[climate]] along with the [[geology]] and [[hydrology]].<ref name="biosection">{{cite web |title=Kosovo Biodiversity Assessment |url=https://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Kosovo-BiodiversityAssessment.pdf |website=ammk-rks.net |pages=1-66 |language=English |format=PDF |date=2003}}</ref> Predominantly mountainous, it is located at the center of the [[Balkan Peninsula]] bounded by [[Montenegro]] to the west, [[Serbia]] to the north and east, [[North Macedonia]] to the southeast, and [[Albania]] to the southwest.
[[Kosovo]]{{ref label|status|a|}} is characterised by a diverse [[biodiversity]] and an abundance of different [[ecosystem]]s and [[habitat]]s determined by the [[climate]] along with the [[geology]] and [[hydrology]].<ref name="biosection">{{cite web |title=Kosovo Biodiversity Assessment |url=https://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Kosovo-BiodiversityAssessment.pdf |website=ammk-rks.net |pages=1–66 |language=English |format=PDF |date=2003}}</ref> Predominantly mountainous, it is located at the center of the [[Balkan Peninsula]] bounded by [[Montenegro]] to the west, [[Serbia]] to the north and east, [[North Macedonia]] to the southeast, and [[Albania]] to the southwest.
Most of the country is geographically defined by the plains of [[Dukagjini Plain|Dukagjini]] and [[Kosovo Plain|Kosovo]]. It is framed along its borders by the [[Albanian Alps]] in the west and the [[Sharr Mountains]] in the southeast, which are simultaneously, in terms of [[plant]] and [[animal]] species, the most important and diverse areas of the country.<ref name="a">{{cite web|title=Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves|url=http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Biodiversiteti_i_Kosoves.pdf|publisher=AKMM/IKMN|accessdate=23 February 2013|page=2|language=Albanian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Report State of the Environment in Kosovo |url=https://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Raporti_i_mjedisit_2016_web_format_eng_22817.pdf |website=ammk-rks.net |pages=23-26 |language=English |format=PDF |date=2017}}</ref>
Most of the country is geographically defined by the plains of [[Dukagjini Plain|Dukagjini]] and [[Kosovo Plain|Kosovo]]. It is framed along its borders by the [[Albanian Alps]] in the west and the [[Sharr Mountains]] in the southeast, which are simultaneously, in terms of [[plant]] and [[animal]] species, the most important and diverse areas of the country.<ref name="a">{{cite web|title=Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves|url=http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Biodiversiteti_i_Kosoves.pdf|publisher=AKMM/IKMN|accessdate=23 February 2013|page=2|language=Albanian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Report State of the Environment in Kosovo |url=https://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Raporti_i_mjedisit_2016_web_format_eng_22817.pdf |website=ammk-rks.net |pages=23–26 |language=English |format=PDF |date=2017}}</ref>


The climate of the country is a combination of a [[continental climate|continental]] and a [[mediterranean climate]], with four distinct seasons. It is mostly defined by its geographical location in [[Southeastern Europe]] and strongly influenced by the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]], [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] and [[Black Sea]] within the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name="biosection"/>
The climate of the country is a combination of a [[continental climate|continental]] and a [[mediterranean climate]], with four distinct seasons. It is mostly defined by its geographical location in [[Southeastern Europe]] and strongly influenced by the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]], [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] and [[Black Sea]] within the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name="biosection"/>


In terms of [[phytogeography]], the land area of Kosovo lies within the [[Boreal Kingdom]], specifically within the [[Illyria]]n province of the [[Circumboreal Region]]. It's territory can be conventionally subdivided into two terrestrial [[ecoregion]]s of the [[Palearctic ecozone]], amongst them the [[Balkan mixed forests|Balkan]] and [[Dinaric Mountains mixed forests|Dinaric]] mixed forests.
In terms of [[phytogeography]], the land area of Kosovo lies within the [[Boreal Kingdom]], specifically within the [[Illyria]]n province of the [[Circumboreal Region]]. Its territory can be conventionally subdivided into two terrestrial [[ecoregion]]s of the [[Palearctic ecozone]], amongst them the [[Balkan mixed forests|Balkan]] and [[Dinaric Mountains mixed forests|Dinaric]] mixed forests.
The [[Forests of Kosovo|forests]] are the most widespread [[terrestrial ecosystem]] in Kosovo and currently protected by particular laws of the [[Constitution of Kosovo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ligji Nr. 2003/3, Ligji per pyjet e Kosoves|url=http://www.assembly-kosova.org/common/docs/ligjet/2003_3_al.pdf|publisher=Assembly of Kosovo|accessdate=24 February 2013|language=Albanian}}</ref> Most of the forests are important because they provide shelter and protection to hundreds of [[plant]] and [[animal]] species of national and international importance.
The [[Forests of Kosovo|forests]] are the most widespread [[terrestrial ecosystem]] in Kosovo and currently protected by particular laws of the [[Constitution of Kosovo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ligji Nr. 2003/3, Ligji per pyjet e Kosoves|url=http://www.assembly-kosova.org/common/docs/ligjet/2003_3_al.pdf|publisher=Assembly of Kosovo|accessdate=24 February 2013|language=Albanian}}</ref> Most of the forests are important because they provide shelter and protection to hundreds of [[plant]] and [[animal]] species of national and international importance.
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* European forsythia - [[Forsythia|Forsythia europaea]]
* European forsythia - [[Forsythia|Forsythia europaea]]


=== Endangered species ===
=== Endangered species ===


There are several flora species in the Kosovan forests that are considered to be endangered, as classified by the Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency:<ref name="ammk-rks8"/>
There are several flora species in the Kosovan forests that are considered to be endangered, as classified by the Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency:<ref name="ammk-rks8"/>
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[[File:Lynx kitten.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Balkan lynx]] subspecies is found in Kosovo.]]
[[File:Lynx kitten.jpg|200px|thumb|The [[Balkan lynx]] subspecies is found in Kosovo.]]


The fauna is influenced by the geographical position and conditions of the country, which suit several rare animals.<ref>{{cite web|title=BIODIVERSITETI I KOSOVËS|url=http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Biodiversiteti_i_Kosoves.pdf|language=Albanian}}</ref> The fields and hilly areas are home to [[boar]]s, [[deer]]s, [[rabbit]]s, [[raven]]s, [[magpie]]s, [[starling]]s, field [[sparrow]]s, [[woodpecker]]s and [[Streptopelia|turtle dove]]s. In the mountainous regions there are field [[partridge]]s, [[quail]]s, [[pheasant]]s, [[squirrel]]s, [[stork]]s, and many numerous species of [[eagle]]s, [[vulture]]s, [[hawk]]s and others. The rare animals include the [[Brown bear|brown bear]], wolves, roe deer, [[Eurasian lynx|lynx]], wild and forest hen grouse. Bears are mainly found in the Šar Mountains as well as in the [[Albanian Alps]].
The fauna is influenced by the geographical position and conditions of the country, which suit several rare animals.<ref>{{cite web|title=BIODIVERSITETI I KOSOVËS|url=http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Biodiversiteti_i_Kosoves.pdf|language=Albanian}}</ref> The fields and hilly areas are home to [[boar]]s, [[deer]]s, [[rabbit]]s, [[raven]]s, [[magpie]]s, [[starling]]s, field [[sparrow]]s, [[woodpecker]]s and [[Streptopelia|turtle dove]]s. In the mountainous regions there are field [[partridge]]s, [[quail]]s, [[pheasant]]s, [[squirrel]]s, [[stork]]s, and many numerous species of [[eagle]]s, [[vulture]]s, [[hawk]]s and others. The rare animals include the [[brown bear]], wolves, roe deer, [[Eurasian lynx|lynx]], wild and forest hen grouse. Bears are mainly found in the Šar Mountains as well as in the [[Albanian Alps]].


The high mountains in Kosovo make it ideal for many animals to live in. In the rivers and lakes there are salmon, trout, scuba, eel, gudgeon, catfish, carp, torpedo and small herring.
The high mountains in Kosovo make it ideal for many animals to live in. In the rivers and lakes there are salmon, trout, scuba, eel, gudgeon, catfish, carp, torpedo and small herring.
The southern part, especially the Dragashi municipality has its own dog breed called the Qeni i Sharrit which is kept by the majority of people living in the country, Western part of [[North Macedonia]] and [[Albania]].
The southern part, especially the Dragashi municipality has its own dog breed called the Qeni i Sharrit which is kept by the majority of people living in the country, Western part of [[North Macedonia]] and [[Albania]].


The [[fauna of Kosovo]] is composed of a wide range of species due to its relief, ecological factors and geographic location. The forests with the greatest varieties are the ones located in the [[Šar Mountains]], [[Albanian Alps]], [[Kopaonik]] and [[Mokna]].<ref name="ammk-rks14">{{cite web|title=Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves|url=http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Biodiversiteti_i_Kosoves.pdf|publisher=AKMM/IKMN|accessdate=23 February 2013|page=14|language=Albanian}}</ref> There are a total of eleven natural reserves throughout Kosovo<ref>{{cite journal|title=Qenan Maxhuni et al. Gjendja e natyres, Raport 2008-2009|year=2010|page=5}}</ref> and they are home to species such as:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Qenan Maxhuni et al. Gjendja e natyres, Raport 2008-2009|year=2010|page=70}}</ref><ref name="ammk-rks14"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Plani hapesinor, Parku nacional "Mali Sharr"|url=http://mmph.rks-gov.net/repository/docs/PN2_Mali_Sharr1_341187.pdf|accessdate=23 February 2013|language=Albanian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023238/http://mmph.rks-gov.net/repository/docs/PN2_Mali_Sharr1_341187.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[fauna of Kosovo]] is composed of a wide range of species due to its relief, ecological factors and geographic location. The forests with the greatest varieties are the ones located in the [[Šar Mountains]], [[Albanian Alps]], [[Kopaonik]] and [[Mokna]].<ref name="ammk-rks14">{{cite web|title=Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves|url=http://www.ammk-rks.net/repository/docs/Biodiversiteti_i_Kosoves.pdf|publisher=AKMM/IKMN|accessdate=23 February 2013|page=14|language=Albanian}}</ref> There are a total of eleven natural reserves throughout Kosovo<ref>{{cite journal|title=Qenan Maxhuni et al. Gjendja e natyres, Raport 2008-2009|year=2010|page=5}}</ref> and they are home to species such as:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Qenan Maxhuni et al. Gjendja e natyres, Raport 2008-2009|year=2010|page=70}}</ref><ref name="ammk-rks14"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Plani hapesinor, Parku nacional "Mali Sharr"|url=http://mmph.rks-gov.net/repository/docs/PN2_Mali_Sharr1_341187.pdf|accessdate=23 February 2013|language=Albanian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023238/http://mmph.rks-gov.net/repository/docs/PN2_Mali_Sharr1_341187.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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{{Europe in topic|Biodiversity of}}
{{Europe in topic|Biodiversity of}}
}}
}}
{{Portal bar|Biology}}
{{Portal bar|Biology}}

[[Category:Biodiversity]]
[[Category:Biodiversity]]
[[Category:Environment of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Environment of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Geography of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Geography of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Flora of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Flora of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Fauna of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Fauna of Kosovo]]

Revision as of 12:17, 21 September 2019

Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park
Sharr Mountains National Park

Kosovo[a] is characterised by a diverse biodiversity and an abundance of different ecosystems and habitats determined by the climate along with the geology and hydrology.[1] Predominantly mountainous, it is located at the center of the Balkan Peninsula bounded by Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, and Albania to the southwest.

Most of the country is geographically defined by the plains of Dukagjini and Kosovo. It is framed along its borders by the Albanian Alps in the west and the Sharr Mountains in the southeast, which are simultaneously, in terms of plant and animal species, the most important and diverse areas of the country.[2][3]

The climate of the country is a combination of a continental and a mediterranean climate, with four distinct seasons. It is mostly defined by its geographical location in Southeastern Europe and strongly influenced by the Adriatic, Aegean and Black Sea within the Mediterranean Sea.[1]

In terms of phytogeography, the land area of Kosovo lies within the Boreal Kingdom, specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. Its territory can be conventionally subdivided into two terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic ecozone, amongst them the Balkan and Dinaric mixed forests.

The forests are the most widespread terrestrial ecosystem in Kosovo and currently protected by particular laws of the Constitution of Kosovo.[4] Most of the forests are important because they provide shelter and protection to hundreds of plant and animal species of national and international importance.

Flora

The Kosovan forest flora is represented by 139 orders classified in 63 families, 35 genera and 20 species.[5] It has a significance for the entire region of Balkans – although Kosovo represents only 2.3% of the entire surface of Balkans, in terms of vegetation it represents 25% of the Balkans flora and about 18% of the European flora.[6] Due to the Mediterranean climate, several plants characteristic to submediterranean regions are found on the forests of Kosovo, including terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus), wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius), fragrant virgin's bower (Clematis flammula) and the mallow bindweed (Convolvulus althaeoides).[7]

The Biodiversity of Kosovo is quite rich due to the exposure to Mediterranean climate through the White Drin valley.[8] The woodlands of Šar are habitat to 86 vascular plants of international significance, while the Prokletije house 128 endemic species.[9] The flora is represented by 139 orders classified in 63 families, 35 genera and 20 species.[2] It has a significance for the entire region of Balkans, although Kosovo represents only 2.3% of the entire surface of Balkans, in terms of vegetation it represents 25% of the Balkans flora and about 18% of the European flora.[6]

Other common flowers for the forests of Kosovo that are not exclusive to the Mediterranean climate include:[7]

Endangered species

There are several flora species in the Kosovan forests that are considered to be endangered, as classified by the Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency:[6]

Fauna

The Balkan lynx subspecies is found in Kosovo.

The fauna is influenced by the geographical position and conditions of the country, which suit several rare animals.[10] The fields and hilly areas are home to boars, deers, rabbits, ravens, magpies, starlings, field sparrows, woodpeckers and turtle doves. In the mountainous regions there are field partridges, quails, pheasants, squirrels, storks, and many numerous species of eagles, vultures, hawks and others. The rare animals include the brown bear, wolves, roe deer, lynx, wild and forest hen grouse. Bears are mainly found in the Šar Mountains as well as in the Albanian Alps.

The high mountains in Kosovo make it ideal for many animals to live in. In the rivers and lakes there are salmon, trout, scuba, eel, gudgeon, catfish, carp, torpedo and small herring. The southern part, especially the Dragashi municipality has its own dog breed called the Qeni i Sharrit which is kept by the majority of people living in the country, Western part of North Macedonia and Albania.

The fauna of Kosovo is composed of a wide range of species due to its relief, ecological factors and geographic location. The forests with the greatest varieties are the ones located in the Šar Mountains, Albanian Alps, Kopaonik and Mokna.[11] There are a total of eleven natural reserves throughout Kosovo[12] and they are home to species such as:[13][11][14]

See also

Notes

a.   ^ Template:Kosovo-note

References

  1. ^ a b "Kosovo Biodiversity Assessment" (PDF). ammk-rks.net. 2003. pp. 1–66.
  2. ^ a b "Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves" (PDF) (in Albanian). AKMM/IKMN. p. 2. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  3. ^ "Annual Report State of the Environment in Kosovo" (PDF). ammk-rks.net. 2017. pp. 23–26.
  4. ^ "Ligji Nr. 2003/3, Ligji per pyjet e Kosoves" (PDF) (in Albanian). Assembly of Kosovo. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  5. ^ "Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves" (PDF) (in Albanian). AKMM/IKMN. p. 2. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  6. ^ a b c "Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves" (PDF) (in Albanian). AKMM/IKMN. p. 8. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  7. ^ a b Kraja, Rexhep Ismajli, Mehmet. Kosova : vështrim monografik. Pristina: Akademia e Shkencave dhe e Arteve e Kosovës. ISBN 9789951413961.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Kraja, Rexhep Ismajli, Mehmet. Kosova : vështrim monografik. Prishtinë: Akademia e Shkencave dhe e Arteve e Kosovës. ISBN 9789951413961.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves" (PDF) (in Albanian). AKMM/IKMN. p. 9. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  10. ^ "BIODIVERSITETI I KOSOVËS" (PDF) (in Albanian).
  11. ^ a b "Qenan Maxhuni: Biodiversiteti i Kosoves" (PDF) (in Albanian). AKMM/IKMN. p. 14. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  12. ^ "Qenan Maxhuni et al. Gjendja e natyres, Raport 2008-2009". 2010: 5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ "Qenan Maxhuni et al. Gjendja e natyres, Raport 2008-2009". 2010: 70. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ "Plani hapesinor, Parku nacional "Mali Sharr"" (PDF) (in Albanian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
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