Nylon 66: Difference between revisions
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Nylon -6,6 is synthesized by [[polycondensation]] of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. [[Equivalent (chemistry)|Equivalent]] amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are combined with water in a reactor. This is crystallized to make nylon salt, an [[ammonium]]/[[carboxylate]] mixture. The nylon salt goes into a reaction vessel where polymerization process takes place either in batches or continuously. |
Nylon -6,6 is synthesized by [[polycondensation]] of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. [[Equivalent (chemistry)|Equivalent]] amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are combined with water in a reactor. This is crystallized to make nylon salt, an [[ammonium]]/[[carboxylate]] mixture. The nylon salt goes into a reaction vessel where polymerization process takes place either in batches or continuously. |
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:n HOOC-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>-COOH + n H<sub>2</sub>N-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>-NH<sub>2</sub> → [-OC-( CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>-CO-NH-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>-NH-]<sub>n</sub> + ( |
:n HOOC-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>-COOH + n H<sub>2</sub>N-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>-NH<sub>2</sub> → [-OC-( CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>-CO-NH-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>-NH-]<sub>n</sub> + (2n−1) H<sub>2</sub>O |
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Removing water drives the reaction toward polymerization through the formation of amide bonds from the acid and amine functions. Thus molten nylon 66 is formed. It can either be extruded and granulated at this point or directly spun into fibers by extrusion through a [[Spinneret (polymers)|spinneret]] (a small metal plate with fine holes) and cooling to form filaments. |
Removing water drives the reaction toward polymerization through the formation of amide bonds from the acid and amine functions. Thus molten nylon 66 is formed. It can either be extruded and granulated at this point or directly spun into fibers by extrusion through a [[Spinneret (polymers)|spinneret]] (a small metal plate with fine holes) and cooling to form filaments. |
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Revision as of 00:07, 8 August 2020
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2015) |
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Poly[imino(1,6-dioxohexamethylene) iminohexamethylene]
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| Systematic IUPAC name
poly(azanediyladipoylazanediylhexane-1,6-diyl) | |
| Other names
Poly(hexamethylene adipamide),Poly(N,N'-hexamethyleneadipinediamide), Maranyl, Ultramid, Zytel, Akromid, Durethan, Frianyl, Vydyne
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| Identifiers | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.130.739 |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| (C12H22N2O2)n | |
| Density | 1.314 g/mL (Zytel) |
| Melting point | 507 °F (264 °C) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nylon 66 (nylon 6-6, nylon 6/6 or nylon 6,6) is a type of polyamide or nylon. It, and nylon 6, are the two most common for textile and plastic industries. Nylon 66 is made of two monomers each containing 6 carbon atoms, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 66 its name.[1]
Synthesis and manufacturing
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Nylon -6,6 is synthesized by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. Equivalent amounts of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are combined with water in a reactor. This is crystallized to make nylon salt, an ammonium/carboxylate mixture. The nylon salt goes into a reaction vessel where polymerization process takes place either in batches or continuously.
- n HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH + n H2N-(CH2)6-NH2 → [-OC-( CH2)4-CO-NH-(CH2)6-NH-]n + (2n−1) H2O
Removing water drives the reaction toward polymerization through the formation of amide bonds from the acid and amine functions. Thus molten nylon 66 is formed. It can either be extruded and granulated at this point or directly spun into fibers by extrusion through a spinneret (a small metal plate with fine holes) and cooling to form filaments.
Applications
In 2011 worldwide production was two million tons. At that time, fibers consumed just over half of production and engineering resins the rest. It is not used in films due to its inability to be oriented. Fiber markets represented 55% of the 2010 demand with engineering thermoplastics being the remainder.[2]
Nylon 66 is frequently used when high mechanical strength, rigidity, good stability under heat and/or chemical resistance are required.[3] It is used in fibers for textiles and carpets and molded parts. For textiles, fibers are sold under various brands, for example Nilit brands or the Cordura brand for luggage, but it is also used in airbags, apparel, and for carpet fibres under the Ultron brand. Nylon 66 lends itself well to make 3D structural objects, mostly by injection molding. It has broad use in automotive applications; these include "under the hood" parts such as radiator end tanks, rocker covers, air intake manifolds, and oil pans,[4] as well as numerous other structural parts such as hinges,[5] and ball bearing cages. Other applications include electro-insulating elements, pipes, profiles, various machine parts, zip ties, conveyor belts, hoses, polymer-framed weapons, and the outer layer of turnout blankets.[6] Nylon 66 is also a popular guitar nut material.[7]
Nylon 66, especially glass fiber reinforced grades, can be effectively fire retarded with halogen-free products. Phosphorus-based flame retardant systems are used in these fire-safe polymers and are based on aluminium diethyl phosphinate and synergists. They are designed to meet UL 94 flammability tests as well as Glow Wire Ignition Tests (GWIT), Glow Wire Flammability Test (GWFI) and Comparative Tracking Index (CTI). Its main applications are in the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry.
The Remington Nylon 66 was a .22 rifle manufactured by Remington Arms from 1959 to 1989. It had a stock made from nylon 66.
References
- ^ Palmer, Robert J. (2001). "Polyamides, Plastics". Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science and Technology (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/0471440264.pst251.
- ^ PCI extract for PA66, The PCI Group, archived from the original on 2015-05-18, retrieved 2019-01-05
- ^ Viers, Brendt D. (1999). Polymer Data Handbook. Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 189. ISBN 978-0195107890.
- ^ Oil Pan, 35% glass reinforced 66 (PDF), M-Base Engineering + Software GmbH, 19 April 2015
- ^ Tailgate hinge 50% glass reinforced 66 (PDF), M-Base Engineering + Software GmbH, 18 April 2015
- ^ "PA66 PLASTIC RESIN". rdplas.com.vn. RD Vietnam Industry Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ "Nylon Guitar Nut Blank (1-3/4 x 3/8 x 3/16)". Mojotone. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
