Mesostigmata

Mesostigmata; Temporal range: Cenomanian–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Varroa destructor
	Dermanyssus sp. probably Dermanyssus gallinae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Superorder:	Parasitiformes
Order:	Mesostigmata
Suborders
	Monogynaspida; Camin & Gorirossi, 1955; Sejida; Kramer, 1885; Trigynaspida; Camin & Gorirossi, 1955;
Diversity
	about 130 families, 900 genera, > 8,000 species

Mesostigmata is an order of mites belonging to the Parasitiformes. They are by far the largest group of Parasitiformes, with over 8,000 species in 130 families. Mesostigmata includes parasitic as well as free-living and predatory forms. They can be recognized by the single pair of spiracles positioned laterally on the body.

The family with the most described species is Phytoseiidae. Other families of note are Diplogyniidae, Macrochelidae, Pachylaelapidae, Uropodidae and Veigaiidae.

Amongst the best known species are Varroa destructor, an economically important parasite of honey bees, as well as the red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) a parasite of poultry, most commonly chickens.

The oldest known record of the group is an indeterminate deutonymph belonging to Sejidae from the mid Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.^[2]

Taxonomy

Taxonomy to families (Beaulieu 2011). Genus and species counts fluctuate over time.^[1]^[3]

Order Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891

Suborder Monogynaspida Camin & Gorirossi, 1955

Infraorder Gamasina Kramer, 1881

Hyporder Arctacariae Johnston, 1982

Superfamily Arctacaroidea Evans, 1955

Family Arctacaridae Evans, 1955 (2 genera, 6 species)

Hyporder Dermanyssiae Evans & Till, 1979

Superfamily Ascoidea Voigts & Oudemans, 1905

Family Ameroseiidae Evans, 1961 (10 genera, 148 species)

Family Ascidae Voigts & Oudemans, 1905 (17 genera, 338 species)

Family Melicharidae Hirschmann, 1962 (12 genera, 201 species)

Superfamily Dermanyssoidea Kolenati, 1859

Family Dasyponyssidae Fonseca, 1940 (2 genera, 2 species)

Family Dermanyssidae Kolenati, 1859 (2 genera, 26 species)

Family Entonyssidae Ewing, 1923 (9 genera, 27 species)

Family Haemogamasidae Oudemans, 1926 (5 genera, 78 species)

Family Halarachnidae Oudemans, 1906 (7 genera, 43 species)

Family Hystrichonyssidae Keegan, Yunker & Baker, 1960 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Iphiopsididae Kramer, 1886 (14 genera, 68 species)

Family Ixodorhynchidae Ewing, 1923 (6 genera, 43 species)

Family Laelapidae Berlese, 1892 (90 genera, 1316 species)

Family Larvamimidae Elzinga, 1993 (6 genera, 43 species)

Family Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936 (34 genera, 233 species)

Family Manitherionyssidae Radovsky & Yunker, 1971 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Omentolaelapidae Fain, 1961 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Rhinonyssidae Trouessart, 1895 (8 genera, 510 species)

Family Spelaeorhynchidae Oudemans, 1902 (1 genus, 7 species)

Family Spinturnicidae Oudemans, 1901 (12 genera, 101 species)

Family Varroidae Delfinado & Baker, 1974 (2 genera, 6 species)

Superfamily Eviphidoidea Berlese, 1913

Family Eviphididae Berlese, 1913 (19 genera, 108 species)

Family Leptolaelapidae Karg, 1978 (12 genera, 48 species)

Family Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 (20 genera, 470 species)

Family Pachylaelapidae Berlese, 1913 (26 genera, 199 species)

Family Parholaspididae Evans, 1956 (12 genera, 96 species)

Superfamily Phytoseioidea Berlese, 1916

Family Blattisociidae Garman, 1948 (11 genera, 369 species)

Family Otopheidomenidae Treat, 1955 (10 genera, 28 species)

Family Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916 (90 genera, 2300 species)

Family Podocinidae Berlese, 1913 (2 genera, 25 species)

Superfamily Rhodacaroidea Oudemans, 1902

Family Digamasellidae Evans, 1957 (13 genera, 261 species)

Family Halolaelapidae Karg, 1965 (4 genera, 80 species)

Family Laelaptonyssidae Womersley, 1956 (1 genus, 6 species)

Family Ologamasidae Ryke, 1962 (45 genera, 452 species)

Family Rhodacaridae Oudemans, 1902 (15 genera, 148 species)

Family Teranyssidae Halliday, 2006 (15 genera, 148 species)

Superfamily Veigaioidea Oudemans, 1939

Family Veigaiidae Oudemans, 1939 (4 genera, 95 species)

Hyporder Epicriiae Kramer, 1885

Superfamily Epicrioidea Berlese, 1885

Family Epicriidae Berlese, 1885 (4 genera, 48 species)

Superfamily Heatherelloidea Walter, 1997

Family Heatherellidae Walter, 1997 (1 genus, 2 species)

Superfamily Zerconoidea G. Canestrini, 1891

Family Coprozerconidae Moraza & Lindquist, 1999 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Zerconidae G. Canestrini, 1891 (36 genera, 390, species)

Hyporder Parasitiae Evans & Till, 1979

Superfamily Parasitoidea Oudemans, 1901

Family Parasitidae Oudemans, 1901 (35 genera, 426 species)

Infraorder Uropodina Kramer, 1881

Family Dithinozerconidae Ainscough, 1979

Superfamily Diarthrophalloidea Trägårdh, 1946

Family Diarthrophallidae Trägårdh, 1946 (22 genera, 63 species)

Superfamily Microgynioidea Trägårdh, 1942

Family Microgyniidae Trägårdh, 1942 (2 genera, 4 species)

Family Nothogynidae Walter & Krantz, 1999 (1 genus, 2 species)

Superfamily Thinozerconoidea Halbert, 1915

Family Protodinychidae Evans, 1957 (1 genus, 3 species)

Family Thinozerconidae Halbert, 1915 (1 genus, 1 species)

Superfamily Uropodoidea Kramer, 1881

Family Baloghjkaszabiidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 3 species)

Family Brasiluropodidae Hirschmann, 1979 (2 genera, 18 species)

Family Cillibidae Trägårdh, 1944 (2 genera, 19 species)

Family Clausiadinychidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 4 species)

Family Cyllibulidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 32 species)

Family Deraiophoridae Trägårdh, 1952 (1 genus, 36 species)

Family Dinychidae Berlese, 1916 (1 genus, 34 species)

Family Discourellidae Baker & Wharton, 1952 (1 genus, 76 species)

Family Eutrachytidae Trägårdh, 1944 (1 genus, 36 species)

Family Hutufeideriidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 9 species)

Family Kaszabjbaloghiidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 6 species)

Family Macrodinychidae Hirschmann, 1979 (4 genera, 22 species)

Family Metagynuridae Balogh, 1943 (2 genera, 17 species)

Family Nenteriidae Hirschmann, 1979 (2 genera, 128 species)

Family Oplitidae Johnston, 1968 (8 genera, 163 species)

Family Phymatodiscidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 10 species)

Family Polyaspididae Berlese, 1913 (1 genus, 16 species)

Family Prodinychidae Berlese, 1917 (3 genera, 16 species)

Family Rotundabaloghiidae Hirschmann, 1979 (4 genera, 165 species)

Family Tetrasejaspidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 15 species)

Family Trachytidae Trägårdh, 1938 (7 genera, 108 species)

Family Trachyuropodidae Berlese, 1917 (17 genera, 99 species)

Family Trematuridae Berlese, 1917 (13 genera, 401 species)

Family Trichocyllibidae Hirschmann, 1979 (5 genera, 57 species)

Family Trichouropodellidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 11 species)

Family Trigonuropodidae Hirschmann, 1979 (1 genus, 87 species)

Family Uroactiniidae Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol, 1964 (3 genera, 67 species)

Family Urodiaspididae Trägårdh, 1944 (3 genera, 26 species)

Family Urodinychidae Berlese, 1917 (13 genera, 267 species)

Family Uropodidae Kramer, 1881 (9 genera, 261 species)

Suborder Sejida Kramer, 1885

Superfamily Heterozerconoidea Berlese, 1892

Family Discozerconidae Berlese, 1910 (2 genera, 3 species)

Family Heterozerconidae Berlese, 1892 (7 genera, 13 species)

Superfamily Sejoidea Berlese, 1885

Family Ichthyostomatogasteridae Sellnick, 1953 (3 genera, 10 species)

Family Sejidae Berlese, 1885 (5 genera, 46 species) (5 genera, 46 species)

Family Uropodellidae Camin, 1955 (1 genus, 6 species)

Suborder Trigynaspida Camin & Gorirossi, 1955

Infraorder Antennophorina Camin & Gorirossi, 1955

Superfamily Aenictequoidea Kethley, 1977

Family Aenictequidae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Euphysalozerconidae Kim, 2008 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Messoracaridae Kethley, 1977 (2 genera, 3 species)

Family Ptochacaridae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 3 species)

Superfamily Antennophoroidea Berlese, 1892

Family Antennophoridae Berlese, 1892 (6 genera, 19 species)

Superfamily Celaenopsoidea Berlese, 1892

Family Celaenopsidae Berlese, 1892 (7 genera, 14 species)

Family Costacaridae Hunter, 1993 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Diplogyniidae Trägårdh, 1941 (42 genera, 85 species)

Family Euzerconidae Trägårdh, 1938 (12 genera, 24 species)

Family Megacelaenopsidae Funk, 1975 (2 genera, 2 species)

Family Neotenogyniidae Kethley, 1974 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Schizogyniidae Trägårdh, 1950 (6 genera, 10 species)

Family Triplogyniidae Funk, 1977 (2 genera, 11 species)

Superfamily Fedrizzioidea Trägårdh, 1937

Family Fedrizziidae Trägårdh, 1937 (3 genera, 34 species)

Family Klinckowstroemiidae Camin & Gorirossi, 1955 (4 genera, 36 species)

Superfamily Megisthanoidea Berlese, 1914

Family Hoplomegistidae Camin & Gorirossi, 1955 (1 genus, 7 species)

Family Megisthanidae Berlese, 1914 (1 genus, 30 species)

Superfamily Paramegistoidea Trägårdh, 1946

Family Paramegistidae Trägårdh, 1946 (5 genera, 30 species)

Superfamily Parantennuloidea Willmann, 1941

Family Parantennulidae Willmann, 1941 (3 genera, 5 species)

Family Philodanidae Kethley, 1977 (2 genera, 2 species)

Family Promegistidae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 1 species)

Infraorder Cercomegistina Camin & Gorirossi, 1955

Superfamily Cercomegistoidea Trägårdh, 1937

Family Asternoseiidae Vale, 1954 (2 genera, 3 species)

Family Cercomegistidae Trägårdh, 1937 (5 genera, 13 species)

Family Davacaridae Kethley, 1977 (2 genera, 4 species)

Family Pyrosejidae Lindquist & Moraza, 1993 (2 genera, 3 species)

Family Saltiseiidae Walter, 2000 (1 genus, 1 species)

Family Seiodidae Kethley, 1977 (1 genus, 1 species)

Other: Meliponopus palpifer Fain & Flechtmann, 1985 has not yet been placed into a family.

References

^ ^a ^b Beaulieu, Frédéric (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Superorder Parasitiformes: In: Zhang, Z-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa. 3148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.23. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326.
^ Joharchi, Omid; Vorontsov, Dmitry D.; Walter, David Evans (2021-09-14). "Oldest determined record of a mesostigmatic mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Sejidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber". Acarologia. 61 (3): 641–649. doi:10.24349/goj5-bzms. ISSN 0044-586X. S2CID 239420481.
^ "Mesostigmata". GBIF. Retrieved 2021-10-31.

"Mesostigmata". Natureserve. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
NCBI: Mesostigmata

External links

Ornithonyssus bursa, tropical fowl mite on the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website

[Beaulieu2011-1] Beaulieu, Frédéric (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Superorder Parasitiformes: In: Zhang, Z-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa. 3148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.23. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326.

[2] Joharchi, Omid; Vorontsov, Dmitry D.; Walter, David Evans (2021-09-14). "Oldest determined record of a mesostigmatic mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Sejidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber". Acarologia. 61 (3): 641–649. doi:10.24349/goj5-bzms. ISSN 0044-586X. S2CID 239420481.

[gbif-3] "Mesostigmata". GBIF. Retrieved 2021-10-31.

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