Candy

This expression originally derived from the use of "Candy" to mean Crete, after its then capital Candia, as Crete was for a long time the only area of Christendom where sugar could be grown and which could supply sugar to the west conveniently.

Candy is a North American term for a type of confectionery prepared by dissolving sugar in water or milk and boiling it until it starts to caramelize (the expression "candy" had become archaic and only survived in the term "candy floss" in British English, though it is now creeping back). The sugar solution is called a syrup. Depending upon the solvent and upon end result of the process the candy may be called candy, caramel, toffee, fudge, praline, or tablet. The recipe also governs how hard, soft, chewy or brittle the end result may be.

The eventual texture of candy depends on the temperature to which the sugar solution is boiled. The presence of a solute, such as sugar, in a liquid tends to elevate the boiling point of the liquid. (See boiling point.) Sugar water therefore boils at a higher temperature than pure water, and the higher the sugar concentration, the higher the boiling point. As the syrup is heated, it boils, and the boiling away of water increases the sugar concentration in the syrup, raising the boiling point still further. The relationship between the boiling point and the sugar concentration is predictable, and so heating the syrup to a particular temperature ensures a particular sugar concentration with some accuracy. In general, higher temperatures (which imply greater sugar concentrations) result in hard, brittle candies, and lower temperatures result in softer candies.

In North America, the word candy is often used as a synonym for confectionery even when the confection concerned contains no candy.