Alonzo Fields
Alonzo Fields | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1900 Lyles Station, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | 1994 |
| Cause of death | Leukemia |
| Occupation | Butler |
| Years active | 1931–1953 |
| Spouse(s) | Edna Fields (?–1973) (her death) Mayland McLaughlin (1980–1994) (his death) |
Alonzo Fields (1900 – 1994)[1] was a butler who served at a White House for twenty-one years under presidents Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower. Of those twenty-one years, twenty of them were spent as the White House chief butler.[2]
Career
When Fields began his tenure at the White House in 1931, senators from the U.S. South frequently addressed him with the racially condescending term "boy", and an obvious racial hierarchy existed between white and black White House house staff, with whites dominating. While the attitudes of most southern U.S. senators would not begin to change until the advent of the Civil Rights Movement, Roosevelt took it upon himself to remove racial tensions among the house staff by making it all black.[1][3][4]
After his retirement in 1960, Fields published My 21 Years in the White House, in which he wove together his private papers and cryptic journals, written while serving, with his recollections. Although restrained, his memoir nonetheless provides a uniquely intimate primary source account of the U.S. presidents he served, several who came to trust Fields as a close personal friend. Fields reports, for example, that he was present when Roosevelt was first informed of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and that Roosevelt "broke down completely" during that moment, and also emoted racial slurs against the Japanese before gaining control. Truman was especially close with Fields and even related with him as an emotional confidant at times, and the two at one point sat together for a portrait.
Legacy
More than a decade after Fields's death in 1994, his story was cast into a one-man theatrical performance, Looking Over the President's Shoulder.[2][5] Historians, such as David McCullough in his 1992 biography Truman, continue to consult Fields's memoirs when constructing accounts of the presidents he served.[6]
References
- ^ a b Sam Stiegler, "When Speaking About Me, 'Don’t Talk too Long and Don’t Tell the Truth': A Biography of Mr. Alonzo Fields (1900–1994), West Medford Afro-American Remembrance Project, 2005. Available online. Archived by WebCite.
- ^ a b Bales-Sherrod, Lesli. "Serving up a slice of history", The American Observer, Vol. 9, No. 3, 24 Feb 2004. Available online. Archived by WebCite.
- ^ Fields, Alonzo. My 21 years in the White House, New York: Coward-McCann, 1960.
- ^ U.S. News & World Report, "Alonzo Fields diary, Truman's butler", 16 July 2007. Available online. Archived by WebCite.
- ^ Burlingham Ellis, Caroline. "Review of 'Looking Over the President's Shoulder'", Theatre Mania, 8 Dec 2003. Available online. Archived by WebCite.
- ^ McCullough, David. Truman, Simon & Schuster, pp 472, 473, 502, 623, 931. ISBN 0-7432-6029-5.
