Han Wo
| Han Wo | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 韓偓 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 韩偓 | ||||||||
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| Courtesy name: Zhiyao | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 致堯 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 致尧 | ||||||||
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| Art name: Yushan-Qiaoren | |||||||||
| Chinese | 玉山樵人 | ||||||||
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| Possible alternate courtesy name: Zhiguang | |||||||||
| Chinese | 致光 | ||||||||
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| Possible alternate courtesy name: Zhiyuan | |||||||||
| Chinese | 致元 | ||||||||
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Han Wo (c. 842–844 – c. 923) was a Chinese poet of the late Tang dynasty and the Min state. His courtesy name was Zhiyao, or possibly Zhiguang or Zhiyuan, and his art name was Yushan-Qiaoren. He was a native of Jingzhao, in or near the capital Chang'an. An anthology of his poems, the Xianglian Ji survives.
Biography
Sources
Chapter 183 of the New Book of Tang gives a short biography of Han Wo.[1]
Birth and early life
He was born in either 842 or 844.[a] He was a native of Wannian, Jingzhao (modern-day Xi'an, Shaanxi Province).[2] His father, Han Zhan (traditional Chinese: 韓瞻; simplified Chinese: 韩瞻; pinyin: Hán Zhān; Wade–Giles: Han2 Chan1) took the imperial examination in the same year as Li Shangyin, who was also connected to Wo's family through marriage.[3] The young Wo supposedly was recognized for his poetic genius by Li, who praised him.[3]
Political career
In 889 (Longji 1) he passed the imperial examination, receiving his Jinshi degree.[4] He became a scholar at the Hanlin Academy[4] and a low-ranking official at the Central Secretariat,[5] eventually becoming Vice-Minister of Defense (兵部侍郎).[6] He earned the trust of Emperor Zhaozong,[3] working with him against the eunuchs,[7] and was recommended for the position of chancellor, but he was disliked by Zhu Quanzhong (later to become Emperor Daizu of Liao) and was therefore exiled to Pu Prefecture (modern Fan County, Henan).[5]
Later life and death
Following his exile, Han did not return to government, and spent his last years in the Min Kingdom.[3] He died around 923,[b] having never returned to the capital.[7]
Names
Courtesy name
His courtesy name was either Zhiyao[2] or Zhiguang,[5] or possibly Zhiyuan.[8]
The New Book of Tang, as well as a work by Han's contemporary Wu Rong, refer to him as Zhiguang, but the Liexian Zhuan associates the character used in his given name Wo with the second character of Zhiyao, lending support to the idea that Zhiguang would have fit his given name better.[8] Both the Tang Cai Zi Zhuan and the Tangshi Jishi (唐詩紀事) give his courtesy name as Zhiyao.[8] The theory that his courtesy name was Zhiyuan relies on the Tiao xi yu yin cong hua.[9]
Art name
His art name was Yushan-Qiaoren.[3]
Poetry
In literary history, Han is generally considered a poet of the so-called late Tang period, which spanned the early-ninth century to 907.[10]
An anthology of his poems, the Xianglian Ji (traditional Chinese: 香奩集; simplified Chinese: 香奁集; pinyin: xiānglián jí; Wade–Giles: hsiang1-lien2 chih2), survives.[11] His poetry is noted for its sensual beauty, with the Xianglian Ji having given its name to xianglian-ti (traditional Chinese: 香奩體; simplified Chinese: 香奁体; pinyin: xiānglián tǐ; Wade–Giles: hsiang1-lien2 t'ih3), a style of poetry associated with him.[7] His poems of other types are collected in the Yushan-Qiaoren Ji (Chinese: 玉山樵人集; pinyin: yùshān-qiáorén jí; Wade–Giles: yü4shan1-ch'iao2jên2 chih2).[7]
Reception
His poetry influenced the work of the fourteenth-century poet Yang Weizhen.[12]
Notes
- ^ Ueki, Uno & Matsubara (1999, p. 148) give "842?", while Noguchi (1994), Arai (1998) and Daijirin (2006) give 844.
- ^ Noguchi (1994), Arai (1998) and Daijirin (2006) all give 923 as the year of his death, while Ueki, Uno & Matsubara (1999, p. 148) give the same date with a question mark.
References
- ^ Kawai 1975, pp. 612–614.
- ^ a b Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148; Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998; Daijirin 2006.
- ^ a b c d e Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148.
- ^ a b Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148; Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998.
- ^ a b c Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148; Arai 1998.
- ^ Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998.
- ^ a b c d Arai 1998.
- ^ a b c Kawai 1975, p. 622.
- ^ Chen Fumika.
- ^ Ueki, Uno & Matsubara 1999, p. 148-149; Noguchi 1994; Arai 1998; Daijirin 2006.
- ^ Noguchi 1994; Daijirin 2006.
- ^ Wixted 2001, paragraph 22.
Works cited
- Arai, Ken (1998). "Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)". World Encyclopedia (in Japanese). Heibonsha. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
- Chen Fumika. "第一章 韓偓の事蹟に關する再考證" [Chapter 1 Reconsideration of Han Wo]. 森春濤の香奩體詩受容と漢詩創作 ―― 韓偓の香奩詩から森春濤の艷體詩へ [Acceptance of incense poetry by Haruo Mori and creation of Chinese poetry--From Han Wo's incense poem to Moriharu's poem] (PDF) (Thesis) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
- "Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)". Daijirin (in Japanese). Sanseidō. 2006. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
- Kawai, Kōzō (1975). "Kan Aku (844-923): Shin Tō Sho kan 183". In Ogawa, Tamaki (ed.). Tōdai no Shijin: Sono Denki. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. pp. 612–625.
- Noguchi, Kazuo (1994). "Han Wo (Kan Aku in Japanese)". Encyclopedia Nipponica (in Japanese). Shogakukan. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
- Ueki, Hisayuki; Uno, Naoto; Matsubara, Akira (1999). "Shijin to Shi no Shōgai (Kan Aku)". In Matsuura, Tomohisa (ed.). Kanshi no Jiten 漢詩の事典 (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. pp. 148–149. OCLC 41025662.
- Wixted, John Timothy (2001). "Chapter 19: Poetry of the Fourteenth Century". In Mair, Victor H. (ed.). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
Further reading
- Upton, Beth Ann (1980). The Poetry of Han Wo (844-923). Berkeley: University of California Press.
External links
- Books of the Quan Tangshi at the Chinese Text Project that include collected poems of Han Wo:
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