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1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections

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1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1792 & 1793 August 24, 1794 – September 5, 1795[a] 1796 & 1797 →
All 105 seats in the United States House of Representatives
53 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Frederick Muhlenberg Jonathan Dayton[2][d]
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Leader's seat Pennsylvania 2nd New Jersey at-large
Last election 54 seats 51 seats
Seats won 59[b][c][1] 47[1]
Seat change Increase 5 Decrease 4
Results:
     Democratic-Republican hold      Democratic-Republican gain
     Federalist hold      Federalist gain
     Undistricted territory or split plural district
Speaker before election

Frederick Muhlenberg
Pro-Administration

Elected Speaker

Jonathan Dayton
Federalist

The 1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 25, 1794 (New Hampshire), and September 5, 1795 (Kentucky). Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 4th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1795. They were held during President George Washington's second term. Elections were held for all 105 seats, representing 15 states.

In the first election for the House of Representatives with organized political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, which opposed the incumbent Washington Administration, defeated the pro-administration Federalist Party. The outgoing speaker, Frederick Muhlenberg, had supported the pro-administration forces during his first two terms, but was elected by a coalition made up mainly of anti-administration members in 1793, and by 1795 he was seen as more favorable to the Democratic-Republicans. Despite the Democratic-Republican majority, however, Muhlenberg was not re-elected, and was succeeded by Federalist Jonathan Dayton.[3]

Election summary

[edit]

During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).

↓
59 47
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type Date Total
seats 		Democratic-
Republican
(formerly Anti-Administration) 		Federalist
(formerly Pro-Administration)
Seats Change Seats Change
Connecticut At-large September 15, 1794 7 0 Steady 7 Steady
Delaware At-large October 5, 1794 1 1 Increase1 0 Decrease1
Georgia At-large October 6, 1794 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland Districts October 6, 1794 8 4 Steady 4 Steady
Massachusetts Districts November 3, 1794[e] 14 3 Steady 11 Steady
New Hampshire At-large August 25, 1794[f] 4 1 Steady 3 Steady
New Jersey At-large December 30, 1794 5 0 Steady 5 Steady
New York Districts December 12, 1794 10 5 Increase2 5 Decrease2
Pennsylvania Districts October 14, 1794 13 9 Increase1 4 Decrease1
Rhode Island At-large August 26, 1794 2 0 Steady 2 Steady
South Carolina Districts October 14, 1794 6 4 Decrease1 2 Increase1
Vermont Districts December 30, 1794[g] 2 1 Decrease1 1 Increase1
North Carolina Districts February 13, 1795 10 9 Steady 1 Steady
Late elections (After the March 4, 1795 beginning of the next term)
Virginia Districts March 16, 1795 19 17 Increase2 2 Decrease2
Kentucky Districts September 5, 1795 2 2 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee At-large October 15, 1796 1 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Total[b] 106 59
55.2% 		Increase5 47
44.8% 		Decrease4
House seats
Dem-Republican
 
 55.66%
Federalist
 
 44.34%

Special elections

[edit]

There were special and late elections to the 3rd and 4th Congresses in 1794 and 1795.

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

3rd Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 2 John Francis Mercer Anti-
Administration 		1791 (special) Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794.
New member elected May 5, 1794.[h]
Anti-Administration hold.
Successor also elected to the next term; see below.
South Carolina 5 Alexander Gillon Anti-
Administration 		1793 Incumbent died October 6, 1794.
New member elected October 13–14, 1794.
Pro-Administration gain.
Successor also elected to the next term; see below.
Maryland 3 Uriah Forrest Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent resigned November 8, 1794.
New member elected December 8, 1794 and seated in January 1795.
Pro-Administration hold.
Successor was not elected to the next term; see below.
New Jersey at-large Abraham Clark Pro-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent died September 15, 1794.
New member elected January 11, 1795 and seated January 29, 1795.[8]
Pro-Administration hold.
Successor had already been elected to the next term; see below.
South Carolina 2 John Barnwell Pro-
Administration 		1794 Incumbent representative-elect declined to serve.
New member elected January 19–20, 1795 and seated December 7, 1795.[9]
Anti-Administration gain.

4th Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large Jonathan Trumbull Jr. Federalist 1788 Incumbent Representative-elect declined to serve when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected April 13, 1795 and seated December 7, 1795.[4]
Federalist hold.
North Carolina 4 Alexander Mebane Democratic-
Republican 		1793 Incumbent died July 5, 1795.
New member elected August 14, 1795 and seated December 7, 1795.[11]
Democratic-Republican hold.

Connecticut

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large
7 seats on a General ticket 		James Hillhouse Pro-Administration 1790 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Amasa Learned Pro-Administration 1790 Incumbent retired.
Joshua Coit Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Jeremiah Wadsworth Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent retired.
Zephaniah Swift Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Uriah Tracy Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.

Delaware

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Only two candidates are recorded for Delaware's congressional election in 1794, suggesting that the voting procedure in place for the first three Congresses for two candidates had been changed.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large Henry Latimer Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.

Georgia

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia at-large
2 seats on a General ticket 		Abraham Baldwin Anti-
Administration 		1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Thomas P. Carnes Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.

Kentucky

[edit]
Main article: 1795 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1
"Southern District" 		Christopher Greenup Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Christopher Greenup (Democratic-Republican)[i]
Kentucky 2
"Northern District" 		Alexander D. Orr Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Alexander D. Orr (Democratic-Republican)[i]

Maryland

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 George Dent Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Maryland 2 John Francis Mercer Anti-Administration 1791 (Special) Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794.
Successor also elected to finish the term.
  • ▌Green tickY Gabriel Duvall (Democratic-Republican) 69.5%
  • ▌Richard A. Contee (Federalist) 30.5%
Maryland 3 Uriah Forrest Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent retired. ▌Green tickY Jeremiah Crabb (Federalist) 100%
Maryland 4 Thomas Sprigg Anti-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Maryland 5 Samuel Smith Anti-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican)[i]
Maryland 6 Gabriel Christie Anti-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
  • ▌Green tickY Gabriel Christie (Democratic-Republican) 70.4%
  • ▌Robert Wright (Federalist) 29.6%
Maryland 7 William Hindman Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
  • ▌Green tickY William Hindman (Federalist) 63.8%
  • ▌George Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 26.8%
  • ▌William Whitely (Democratic-Republican) 9.3%
Maryland 8 William V. Murray Pro-Administration 1790 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. ▌Green tickY William V. Murray (Federalist) 100%

Massachusetts

[edit]
Main article: 1794–1795 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

Massachusetts redistricted between the 3rd and 4th Congress, dividing itself into 14 districts. The 12th-14th districts were in the District of Maine (the modern State of Maine). A majority was required for election. Additional ballots were required in five districts due to the majority requirement not being met on the first ballot.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1
"1st Western" 		Theodore Sedgwick
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Pro-
Administration 		1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Massachusetts 2
"2nd Western" 		William Lyman Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Massachusetts 3
"3rd Western" 		None (new district) New seat.
Federalist gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel Lyman (Federalist) 65.5%
  • ▌Daniel Bigelow (Democratic-Republican) 34.5%
Massachusetts 4
"4th Western" 		Dwight Foster
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Massachusetts 5
"1st Southern" 		Peleg Coffin Jr.
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Massachusetts 6
"2nd Southern" 		None (new district) New seat.
Federalist gain.
Massachusetts 7
"3rd Southern" 		David Cobb
Redistricted from the at-large seat 		Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
First ballot (November 3, 1794)
Second ballot (January 17, 1795)
Third ballot (March 23, 1795)
  • Fourth ballot (June 1, 1795)
  • ▌Green tickY George Leonard (Federalist) 76.3%
  • ▌Elisha May (Federalist) 16.5%
  • ▌Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 7.2%
Massachusetts 8
"1st Middle" 		Fisher Ames
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Pro-
Administration 		1788 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
  • ▌Green tickY Fisher Ames (Federalist) 56.6%
  • ▌Charles Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 43.4%
Massachusetts 9
"2nd Middle" 		Samuel Dexter
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Election unsuccessfully challenged.[j]
First ballot (November 3, 1794)
Second ballot (January 17, 1795)
Massachusetts 10
"3rd Middle" 		Benjamin Goodhue
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Pro-
Administration 		1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Samuel Holten
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist loss.
Massachusetts 11
"4th Middle" 		None (new district) New seat.
Federalist gain.
First ballot (November 3, 1794)
Second ballot (January 17, 1795)
Massachusetts 12
District of Maine
"1st Eastern" 		Henry Dearborn
Redistricted from the 4th district 		Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 51.2%
  • ▌Jonathan Bowman (Federalist) 28.7%
  • ▌Daniel Coney (Federalist) 5.6%
  • ▌Isaac Parker (Federalist) 5.5%
  • Scattering 8.9%
Massachusetts 13
District of Maine
"2nd Eastern" 		Peleg Wadsworth
Redistricted from the 4th district 		Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
First ballot (November 3, 1794)
  • ▌Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 44.1%
  • ▌William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 33.4%
  • ▌Stephen Longfellow (Unknown) 10.0%
  • ▌Samuel Thompson (Unknown) 5.3%
  • Scattering 7.3%
  • Second ballot (January 17, 1795)
  • ▌Green tickY Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 52.0%
  • ▌William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 34.2%
  • ▌William Martin (Unknown) 5.9%
  • Scattering 7.9%
Massachusetts 14
District of Maine
"3rd Eastern" 		George Thatcher
Redistricted from the 4th district 		Pro-
Administration 		1788 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
First ballot (November 3, 1794)
  • ▌George Thatcher (Federalist) 45.7%
  • ▌Nathaniel Wells (Federalist) 31.6%
  • ▌Ichabod Godwin (Unknown) 8.8%
  • ▌Joseph Tucker (Unknown) 6.4%
  • Scattering 7.4%
  • Second ballot (January 17, 1795)
  • ▌Green tickY George Thatcher (Federalist) 68.4%
  • ▌Nathaniel Wells (Federalist) 20.5%
  • ▌Joseph Tucker (Unknown) 6.5%

New Hampshire

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

Under New Hampshire's electoral laws, a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required for election. Only three candidates achieved a majority, and so a run-off election was held for the fourth seat.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large
(General ticket) 		Jeremiah Smith Pro-Administration 1790 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. First ballot (August 25, 1794)
John S. Sherburne Anti-Administration 1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Nicholas Gilman Pro-Administration 1788/89 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Paine Wingate Pro-Administration 1792 Incumbent lost re-election.

New Jersey

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Jersey at-large
(General ticket) 		Elias Boudinot Pro-
Administration 		1789 Incumbent retired.
Others
  • ▌Charles Stewart (Unknown) 2.3%
  • ▌Jonathan Elmer (Federalist) 2.1%
  • ▌John Harring (Unknown) 1.4%
  • ▌Robert Ogden (Unknown) 0.7%
  • ▌James F. Armstrong (Unknown) 0.2%
Vacant Abraham Clark (Pro-Admin.) died September 15, 1794.
Jonathan Dayton Pro-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Lambert Cadwalader Pro-
Administration 		1789
1792 		Incumbent lost re-election.
John Beatty Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.

New York

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
See also: List of United States representatives from New York

New York's districts were not numbered at the time, but were later numbered retroactively.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 1 Vacant Incumbent moved to the 7th district.
New member elected.
New York 2 John Watts Pro-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New York 3 Philip Van Cortlandt Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
New York 4 Peter Van Gaasbeck Pro-Administration 1793 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John Hathorn (Democratic-Republican) 70.8%
  • ▌Conrad E. Elmendorf (Federalist) 27.2%
  • ▌William Thompson (Federalist) 1.9%
  • ▌Peter Gansevoort (Democratic-Republican) 0.1%
New York 5 Theodorus Bailey Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
New York 6 Ezekiel Gilbert Pro-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
  • ▌Green tickY Ezekiel Gilbert (Federalist) 57.6%
  • ▌John Bay (Democratic-Republican) 21.7%
  • ▌Matthew Adgate (Democratic-Republican) 20.7%
New York 7 John E. Van Alen Pro-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Thomas Tredwell
Moved from the 1st district 		Anti-Administration 1791 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican loss.
New York 8 Henry Glen Pro-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Glen (Federalist) 94.0%
  • ▌Abraham Yates (Democratic-Republican) 2.8%
  • ▌John Tayler (Democratic-Republican) 2.6%
  • ▌James Fairlie (Democratic-Republican) 0.6%
New York 9 James Gordon Pro-Administration 1790 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Williams (Federalist) 48.4%
  • ▌Ebenezer Russel (Federalist) 40.2%
  • ▌Alexander Webster (Democratic-Republican) 11.4%
New York 10 Vacant Incumbent Silas Talbot (Pro-Admin.) resigned to accept an appointment to the Navy.
  • ▌Green tickY William Cooper (Federalist) 55.9%
  • ▌John Winn (Democratic-Republican) 31.4%
  • ▌James Cochran (Federalist) 11.8%
  • ▌Jonathan Fitch (Democratic-Republican) 0.9%

North Carolina

[edit]
Main article: 1795 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Joseph McDowell Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
North Carolina 2 Matthew Locke Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican) 100%
North Carolina 3 Joseph Winston Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
North Carolina 4 Alexander Mebane Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
  • ▌Green tickY Alexander Mebane (Democratic-Republican) 75.8%
  • ▌Samuel Benton (Federalist) 19.5%
  • ▌Stephen Moore (Federalist) 4.7%
North Carolina 5 Nathaniel Macon Anti-Administration 1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 100%
North Carolina 6 James Gillespie Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
North Carolina 7 William B. Grove Pro-Administration 1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. ▌Green tickY William B. Grove (Federalist) 100%
North Carolina 8 William J. Dawson Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
North Carolina 9 Thomas Blount Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
North Carolina 10 Benjamin Williams Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election as a Federalist.

Pennsylvania

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania once again divided itself into districts instead of electing representatives at-large, as it had for the 3rd Congress. The state divided intself into 12 districts, one of which (the 4th) had two seats. Pennsylvania would continue to use one or more plural districts until 1842.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Pennsylvania 1 Thomas Fitzsimons
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Pro-
Administration 		1788 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Pennsylvania 2 Frederick Muhlenberg
Redistricted from at-large district 		Anti-
Administration 		1788 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Pennsylvania 3 None (new district) New seat.
Federalist gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Richard Thomas (Federalist) 68.2%
  • ▌Thomas Ross (Democratic-Republican) 31.8%
Pennsylvania 4
Plural district with 2 seats 		None (new district) New seat.
Federalist gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 36.2%
  • ▌Green tickY John Richards (Democratic-Republican) 20.0%
  • ▌James Morris (Democratic-Republican) 20.2%
  • ▌Robert Lollar (Democratic-Republican) 13.1%
  • ▌Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 8.1%
  • ▌James Barclay (Unknown) 2.4%
Peter Muhlenberg
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Anti-
Administration 		1788
1792 		Incumbent lost re-election.
James Morris unsuccessfully disputed the election.[l]
Pennsylvania 5 Daniel Hiester
Redistricted from at-large district 		Anti-
Administration 		1788 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Pennsylvania 6 None (new district) New seat.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Pennsylvania 7 John W. Kittera
Redistricted from at-large district 		Pro-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Pennsylvania 8 Thomas Hartley
Redistricted from at-large district 		Pro-
Administration 		1788 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Pennsylvania 9 Andrew Gregg
Redistricted from at-large district 		Anti-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
William Irvine
Redistricted from the at-large district 		Anti-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican loss.
Pennsylvania 10 None (new district) New seat.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 52.9%
  • ▌James McLane (Democratic-Republican) 31.9%
  • ▌James Chambers (Federalist) 15.2%
Pennsylvania 11 William Findley
Redistricted from at-large district 		Anti-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Pennsylvania 12 Thomas Scott
Redistricted from at-large district 		Pro-
Administration 		1788
1792 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.

Rhode Island

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
Seat A 		Benjamin Bourne Pro-
Administration 		1790 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Rhode Island at-large
Seat B 		Francis Malbone Pro-
Administration 		1792 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.

South Carolina

[edit]
Main article: 1794 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

Electoral data are only available for the 1st and 5th district of South Carolina's 6 districts at the time of the elections of 1794.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 William L. Smith Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
South Carolina 2 None (new district) Winner declined to serve.
A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy; see above. 		▌Green tickY Robert Barnwell (Federalist) 100%
South Carolina 3 Lemuel Benton Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican) 100%
South Carolina 4 Richard Winn Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Richard Winn (Democratic-Republican) 100%
South Carolina 5 Alexander Gillon Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent died October 6, 1794.
Federalist gain.
Successor also elected to finish the term; see above.
John Hunter
(Moved from the 2nd district) 		Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Administration loss.
South Carolina 6 Andrew Pickens Anti-Administration 1793 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. ▌Green tickY Samuel Earle (Democratic-Republican) 100%

Representative-elect Barnwell of the 2nd district declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (Democratic-Republican).

Southwest Territory

[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

[edit]
Main article: 1794–1795 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Vermont law required a majority for election to Congress, with a second election to be held if the first did not return a majority. Run-off elections were required in both districts.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Vermont 1
"Western District" 		Israel Smith Anti-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
The election was contested but eventually upheld.[2]
First ballot (December 30, 1794)
Second ballot (February 10, 1795)
Vermont 2
"Eastern District" 		Nathaniel Niles Anti-
Administration 		1791 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
First ballot (December 30, 1794)
  • ▌Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 31.6%
  • ▌Daniel Buck (Federalist) 21.2%
  • ▌Jonathan Hunt (Unknown) 11.0%
  • ▌Stephen Jacob (Unknown) 10.9%
  • ▌Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 8.3%
  • ▌Cornelius Lynde (Unknown) 4.7%
  • ▌Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 3.3%
  • ▌Lot Hall (Unknown) 2.7%
  • ▌Elijah Robinson (Unknown) 1.3%
  • Others 4.8%
Second ballot (February 10, 1795)
  • ▌Green tickY Daniel Buck (Federalist) 55.6%
  • ▌Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 39.1%
  • ▌Jonathan Hunt (Unknown) 2.3%
  • ▌Stephen Jacob (Unknown) 1.8%
  • Others 1.2%

Virginia

[edit]
Main article: 1795 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12]
Virginia 1 Robert Rutherford Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Virginia 2 Andrew Moore Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 3 Joseph Neville Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent lost re-election.
Virginia 4 Francis Preston Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Virginia 5 George Hancock Pro-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. ▌Green tickY George Hancock (Federalist) 100%
Virginia 6 Isaac Coles Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
Virginia 7 Abraham B. Venable Anti-Administration 1790 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
  • ▌Green tickY Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican) 61.0%
  • ▌Thomas Woodson (Federalist) 19.8%
  • ▌Joseph Wyatt (Federalist) 18.9%
Others
  • ▌Peter Johnson (Unknown) 0.2%
  • ▌William Wilson (Unknown) 0.1%
Virginia 8 Thomas Claiborne Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Claiborne (Democratic-Republican)[i]
  • ▌Jesse Brown (Unknown)
  • ▌Samuel Hopkins (Unknown)
  • ▌Samuel Goode (Democratic-Republican)
  • ▌Sterling Edmunds (Unknown)
Virginia 9 William B. Giles Anti-Administration 1790 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 10 Carter B. Harrison Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Carter B. Harrison (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 11 Josiah Parker Pro-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Virginia 12 John Page Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY John Page (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 13 Samuel Griffin Pro-Administration 1789 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
The loser unsuccessfully contested the election.[2]
  • ▌Green tickY John Clopton (Democratic-Republican) 38.5%
  • ▌Burwell Bassett (Federalist) 37.6%
  • ▌Miles Selden (Unknown) 22.7%
  • ▌Meriwether Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1.2%
Virginia 14 Francis Walker Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent retired. ▌Green tickY Samuel J. Cabell (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 15 James Madison Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY James Madison (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 16 Anthony New Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY Anthony New (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 17 Richard Bland Lee Pro-Administration 1789 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Virginia 18 John Nicholas Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY John Nicholas (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 19 John Heath Anti-Administration 1793 Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. ▌Green tickY John Heath (Democratic-Republican) 100%

Non-voting delegates

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See also: Delegate (United States Congress)

3rd Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Southwest Territory at-large None (new seat) New delegate elected by the territorial legislature and seated September 3, 1794 as Congress's first non-voting delegate.
Successor also elected to the next term; see below.

4th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Southwest Territory at-large James White Non-partisan 1794 (new seat) Incumbent delegate re-elected by the territorial legislature.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Election dates" does not include states admitted during the 4th Congress.
  2. ^ a b Including late elections
  3. ^ Including the late election from Tennessee who was admitted to the union after the 4th Congress had started to meet, and did not hold their elections for U.S. representatives until October 1796
  4. ^ Federalist Jonathan Dayton was elected Speaker of the House, despite being from the smaller party.
  5. ^ 3 additional ballots were required in 5 districts held January 17, March 23, and June 1, 1795.
  6. ^ a run-off was required for the 4th seat held on December 8, 1794.
  7. ^ an additional ballot was required in both districts held on February 10, 1795.
  8. ^ Date of election.[4]
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data.
  10. ^ A petition by various citizens of Massachusetts contested the election. The Committee on Elections ruled in the winner's favor and added "that the attempt to deprive him of his seat was rather the act of malevolence than a desire to promote the public good." On January 25, 1797, these words were stricken out and expressions of compliment to the member were substituted, and the report was agreed to.[2]
  11. ^ a b Changed parties
  12. ^ The original returns showed Morris in 2nd place and Richards in a close 3rd place, but Richards disputed it. Morris died July 10, 1795, before the House could act. The Elections Committee ruled in favor of Richards on January 18, 1796.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives, 1789 to Present | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  2. ^ a b c d "Fourth Congress (membership roster)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  3. ^ Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (2013). Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University. p. 59.
  4. ^ a b Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results. McFarland and Company.
  5. ^ "US Congress 1794". Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  6. ^ "US Congress District 2 1794". Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  7. ^ "US Congress elections". Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Retrieved 2018-07-21.
  8. ^ a b "Our Campaigns - NJ At-Large - Special Election Race - Jan 10, 1795". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  9. ^ a b "View Election". Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
  10. ^ "A new Nation Votes". Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b "North Carolina 1795 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4, Special". Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  12. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-09-06.

Bibliography

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