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Gaza flotilla clash
File:Gaza-flotilla-boarded.jpg
Israeli commandos aboard the MV Mavi Marmara. On the lower-right the Flag of Turkey is shown.
LocationInternational waters off the coast of the Gaza Strip
Date31 May 2010 (2010-05-31)
04:00[1] (UTC+3)
Deathsbetween 9-19 passengers[2][3]
Injuredat least 60 passengers injured; 6 IDF soldiers injured
PerpetratorsFree Gaza Movement
Israel Defense Forces

Template:Campaignbox Arab-Israeli conflict The Gaza flotilla clash occurred in international waters[4] in the Mediterranean Sea on 31 May 2010 when a six-ship flotilla which intended to break through the Gaza blockade to supply humanitarian aid was attacked by Israeli naval forces. Reports indicate up to 19 passengers were killed by the IDF,[2][5] with up to 60 activists and as many as 10 Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers wounded.[6][7]

The Free Gaza Movement's flotilla had planned to break through the Gaza blockade, despite Israeli declarations that they would turn the ships back and transfer the aid via land through Ashdod port.[6] After the flotilla activists ignored repeated calls to turn back, Israeli soldiers armed with assault rifles[8] and handguns boarded the ships.[6][9]

The boarding of one of the ships, the Turkish-flagged Mavi Marmara, turned violent. The Israel Defense Forces said that the activists fired on them,[10] while activists said they only defended themselves after the soldiers opened fire.[6][11] Activists attacked and beat soldiers with iron clubs after they rappelled onto the vessel.[11] According to the IDF, the passengers managed to capture one of the soldiers, wrest away his handgun, and hold him below deck, whereupon a firefight ensued.[12]

Israel's actions sparked widespread international criticism and the European Union, the United States and officials from the United Nations called for an investigation.[13] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu cancelled his scheduled trip to the United States, where he was to meet President Barack Obama, instead returning to Israel from Ottawa following his meeting with Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper.[14] The incident prompted demonstrations against Israel in a number of countries, with Turkish demonstrators attempting to storm the Israeli consulate in Istanbul.[4]

Background

Main article: Free Gaza Movement

The six-ship flotilla, including Turkish, Irish, American, Swedish and Greek flagged ships,[15][16] was organized by the Free Gaza Movement (FGM) and the Turkish Foundation for Human Rights and Freedom and Humanitarian Relief to ship humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip, which is currently blockaded by Israel following the 2007 Hamas takeover and the kidnapping of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. It was the ninth time that the FGM had tried to ship aid to Gaza. Five aid shipments had been allowed through prior to the Gaza war of 2008-09 but all shipments following the war were blocked by Israeli forces. The latest flotilla was the largest to date, carrying 10,000 tons of humanitarian aid and supplies. It also carried journalists, European parliamentarians and 700 pro-Palestinian activists, including the Northern Irish Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire,[6] and the Israeli Islamic Movement in Israel head Raed Salah.[17] Many of those aboard were Turkish citizens,[4] though the flotilla also included passengers from Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Kuwait, Malaysia, Norway, The Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.[18]

Israeli spokesmen stated that the flotilla would not be permitted to reach Gaza but would be redirected to the port of Ashdod, where a special detention facility had been set up for the passengers. Israeli officials also claimed that all non-banned cargo would be transfered to Gaza after undergoing a security inspection.[19] Foreigners would be deported or, if they did not willingly agree to be deported, detained.[6] Activists aboard the ships repeatedly said they would not respond with violence to the navy's interception of their flotilla prior to the boarding.[20] No independent account of the clash is available since the communications are cut off by Israel.[21]

Civilian ships involved

Mavi Marmara leaving Istanbul for Gaza on May 22, 2010

Events leading up to the clash

The flotilla began its journey on Sunday 30 May 2010 from international waters off the coast of Cyprus,[6] after the government of Cyprus refused to cooperate with the Free Gaza Movement, or allow activists to sail from its harbors, with the Cyprus Police stating that "anything related to the trip to Gaza is not permitted".[25] The flotilla sailed after two days of delays, aiming to reach Gaza on Monday afternoon.[6] The Israeli Navy made initial contact with the flotilla at 11 p.m. (23:00) on 30 May, 200 kilometres (120 mi) offshore in international waters, ordering the ships to follow them to port or otherwise be boarded.[26]

The Israeli navy contacted the captain of the Mavi Marmara, asking him to identify himself and say where the ship was headed. Shortly after, two Israeli naval vessels flanked the flotilla on either side, but at a distance.[9]

Boarding

Israeli commandos from the elite Shayetet 13 unit boarded the ships at around 04:00 IST[1] while in international waters 64 kilometres (40 mi) off the Gaza coast.[4] Five of the six ships were apparently boarded without any major incidents.[citation needed] The Greek NGO, Boat for Gaza, reported that both the Sfendoni and the Mavi Marmara came under live fire.[27] At least one of the wounded activists was onboard the Sfendoni.[28] According to the IDF, passengers on the Mavi Marmara responded with violence and soldiers were forced to fire in self-defense.[29]

Footage from the flotilla's lead vessel, the MV Mavi Marmara, showed activists clashing with Israeli soldiers. According to Major Avital Leibovich of the IDF Spokesperson's Unit, the passengers attacked the soldiers with pistols, knives, spikes and clubs.[10] According to Al Jazeera's journalist Jamal Elshayyal, a white surrender flag was raised from the ship and there was no live fire coming from the passengers.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). The Israeli military said that activists grabbed soldiers and tried to hold them hostage, stripping them of their helmets and equipment. An Isreali commando said "There was live fire at some point against us... They were shooting at us from below deck."[30] A second helicopter ferried in an additional 30 commandos who were also attacked as they descended. The commandos remained pinned down, and the planned rush towards the vesel's bridge became impossible. Commandos also boarded the boat from rubber dinghies, but activists beat their hands as they climbed aboard. Stun grenades were used in an attempt to disperse protesters, but the protesters continued to attack soldiers. One was stabbed with a knife. Some soldiers had their guns wrested away, and one was thrown to the lower deck 30 feet below, where he sustained a severe head injury. After this, the commander of the operation authorized the use of live ammunition. Commandos pulled out their handguns and began firing at the protesters legs, prompting a few protesters equipped with firearms wrested away from soldiers to return fire. Commandos then shot to kill, and fired at protesters attacking them with firearms, clubs, and knives, but managed to reach the bridge and take over the Marmara after 30 minutes.[31] A spokesperson for the Free Gaza Movement said that the activists "were not going to pose any violent resistance. The only resistance that there might be would be passive resistance such as physically blocking the steering room, or blocking the engine room downstairs, so that they couldn't get taken over. But that was just symbolic resistance."[4]

Israel said there were weapons on board: "We found weapons prepared in advance and used against our forces". Activists said that would be impossible because "all the boats were carefully inspected by the government before they left the port of departure."[32]

Following the clash

Following the clash, Israeli naval forces began towing the flotilla's vessels to Ashdod, from where the passengers are to be deported.[4] Israel said humanitarian aid confiscated from the ships would be transferred to Gaza, but Israel would not transfer banned items such as cement.[6]

A statement released by the Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel claimed that violence against the soldiers was pre-planned, and that several pistols and "light weaponry" were found on the ships.[10][33][34]

The Israeli deputy foreign minister, Danny Ayalon, expressed regret for the loss of life and asserted that Israel had done "everything to avoid this outcome". He accused the flotilla of being an "armada of hate" which had carried out a "premeditated and outrageous provocation".[4] Israeli defense minister Ehud Barak called the flotilla a "political provocation" and said that IHH, its sponsors, were "violent supporters of a terror organization" who were to blame for the bloodshed. Israeli Defense Forces chief Gabi Ashkenazi said that the use of live fire had been forced on the naval commandos by the activists' violence.[35]

Arrests

At least 32 activists who had been onboard the ships were arrested and incarcerated by the Israel Prisons Service, including two who were wounded but refused hospital treatment.[36]

Casualties

Activists

Reports indicate that at least 9 activists have been killed and dozens more injured.[37][38]

Israeli

Israeli casualties were stated to be four wounded.[6] Other reports indicated that at least 10 Israeli soldiers had been injured.[7] The Israeli military reported that two soldiers had sustained gunshots wounds, and one soldier sustained a serious head wound and lost consciousness after being tossed from the upper deck by the activists. [39]

Notable people onboard FGM flotilla

Legality

Senior political analyst Marwan Bishara of Al Jazeera has stated that "Attacking other nations' citizens in international waters because they resisted arrest is not only illegal, but serves to demean international legal norms"[57].

Mark Regev, spokesman for the Prime Minister of Israel, has stated that "the San Remo memorandum[58] states, specifically 67A, that if you have a boat that is charging a blockaded area you are allowed to intercept even prior to it reaching the blockaded area if you've warned them in advance, and that we did a number of times and they had a stated goal which they openly expressed, of breaking the blockade. That blockade is in place to protect our people."[59]

Robin Churchill, a professor of international law at the University of Dundee in Scotland, said the Israeli commandos boarded the ship outside of Israel's territorial waters. "As far as I can see, there is no legal basis for boarding these ships," Churchill said.[60]

Reactions

United Nations reactions

Israeli reaction

European reactions

Demonstration in Belfast, Northern Ireland, on 31 May 2010 following the Gaza flotilla clash.
  • Belgium Belgium's foreign minister, Steven Vanackere, called the use of Israeli force "disproportionate"[64] and "invited the Israeli ambassador to explain how the events unfolded."[65]
  • Bulgaria The Bulgarian Foreign Ministry demanded the immediate release of two Bulgarian journalists travelling in the convoy.[66]
  • Denmark Denmark's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lene Espersen, described the confrontation as strongly worrying and has summoned the Israeli ambassador to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to explain the incident.[67]
  • France French President Nicolas Sarkozy condemned "the disproportionate use of force" against the flotilla.[68] French Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Bernard Kouchner was "profoundly shocked" by the incident and demanded an inquiry. Kouchner stated, "Nothing can justify the use of violence such as this, which we condemn."[69]
  • Germany German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle voiced "deep concern" at reports of deaths when Israeli commandos stormed a flotilla of six activist ships heading to Gaza.[70]
  • Greece Two of the ships, Eleftheri Mesogeios ("Free Mediterranean Sea") and "Sfendoni" ("Sling") were under the Greek flag. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Dimitris Droutsas has called Ali Yahia, the Israeli Ambassador in Greece for briefing and explanations about the incident. The joint Greek-Israeli military exercise "Minoas 2010" was stopped. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that the official position of Greece is that the activity of NGOs must be exercised freely, under the obvious condition that it is lawful. The Ministry also activated its Crisis Handling Unit for the relatives of those aboard the mission.[71]
  • Republic of Ireland Irish Taoiseach Brian Cowen has described the attacks as "very serious" and stated that he feels the blockade action was a violation of international law. He also stated that people are allowed to receive humanitarian assistance and that there should be an international investigation into the matter, describing the Israeli action as "disproportionate". Minister for Foreign Affairs Micheál Martin said he was "gravely concerned" about the reports of at least ten people being killed. No Irish citizens were harmed in the attack. The Israeli ambassador to Ireland has been summoned to the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs.[72]
  • Italy Italian Deputy Foreign Minister Alfredo Mantica called the international flotilla to the Gaza Strip a "provocation". However, he did not justify the Israeli course of action. "The manner of the response is debatable, but to think that it would all pass without Israeli action is naiveté on the part of the organizers. I believe someone wanted to see how harsh Israel's response would be," he said.[73]
  • Luxembourg Luxembourg Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jean Asselborn, "strongly condemned those responsible for the attack on the flotilla" and demanded an international investigation to ascertain responsibilities.[74]
  • Spain Spain has summoned the Israeli ambassador for questioning.[18]
  • Sweden Sweden summoned the Israeli ambassador, Benny Dagan, to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.[75] Foreign Affairs Secretary Frank Belfrage called the incident "unacceptable".[75]
  • United Kingdom The United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary William Hague said he "deplored" the loss of life and called on Israel to open border crossings for aid access.[76] Scotland's Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said Israel's actions had been "rightly condemned around the world". She called on Israel to lift its blockade of Gaza, and expressed her "deep sadness" at the loss of life on the flotilla.[55] In Belfast, protests were held in front of the City Hall to condemn Israel's actions and to call for an end to the siege of Gaza.[77]
  • Vatican City The Holy See expressed "great concern and pain" about the Israeli attack.[78]
  • Iceland The Foreign Minister of Iceland, Össur Skarphéðinsson, condemned the attack saying that "Gaza is in fact a giant prison where international law is violated. This must stop,"[79] and "We support the demands that have been made, e.g. by the EU, that this matter be thoroughly investigated. It is intolerable that Israel repeatedly excerts force in this way."[80]
  • Norway Norway's Foreign Minister, Jonas Gahr Støre, has called for a meeting with the Israeli ambassador to Norway.[81]
  • Russia The head of the Russian State Duma Foreign Affairs Committee, Konstantin Kosachev, called for an "urgent meeting" of the Middle East Quartet to discuss the incident.[82]
  • Turkey In Turkey, hundreds of protesters tried to storm the Israeli consulate in Istanbul. A Turkish foreign ministry statement condemned Israel,[83] and the country was reported to have summoned the Israeli ambassador to lodge a protest.[9] Turkey has recalled its ambassador to Israel.[84] Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan said that the raid was state terrorism and decided to return from Chile. [85] İlker Başbuğ, Chief of the Turkish Armed Forces held a phone conversation with the Israeli Chief of Staff and called the raid unacceptable and indicated such actions could hold very serious consequences.[86]

Arab reactions

  • Arab League The Arab League called an emergency meeting on 1 June to discuss what it called Israel's "terrorist act" against the flotilla.[87]
  • Iraq An Iraqi government official, MP Khairallah al-Basri (a member of current premier Nouri al-Maliki's State of Law Coalition), condemned the attack and described it as a "new humanitarian disaster," as well as, "a violation of human rights and a breach of international standards and norms."[88]
  • Jordan Jordanian Minister of Communication and Media Affairs Nabil al-Sharif called the Israeli action an "ugly, unacceptable crime" and said that Jordan held Israel "completely accountable and responsible for any harm caused to the Jordanians on board."[18]
  • Kuwait The Kuwaiti parliament has called an emergency session to discuss the attack.[18]
  • Lebanon Saad Hariri, the Prime Minister of Lebanon, said, "The Israeli attack on the aid convoy is a dangerous and crazy step that will exacerbate tensions in the region. Lebanon firmly denounces this attack and calls on the international community, notably major powers... to take action in order to end this continued violation of human rights and threat to international peace."[18]
  • State of Palestine Palestinian Authority president, and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) since 11 November 2004, Mahmoud Abbas said that "Israel has committed a massacre".[89] Palestinian government official Mustafa Barghouti stated that Israel's actions would lead to the international boycott growing in strength.[90]
    • Hamas spokesman Sami Abu Zuhri said, "We call on all Arabs and Muslims to rise up in front of Zionist embassies across the whole world".[91]
  • Syria The Syrian government has called a meeting of the Arab League to discuss the attack.[18]
  • Egypt The Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak denounced Israel's use of "excessive and unjustified force that led to the loss of innocent lives". The Foreign minister summoned the Israeli ambassador to condemn "acts of killing and excessive force against international activists."

Other countries

  • Argentina Argentina's Foreign Affairs Ministry (Cancillería) issued a statement condemning the attack by Israeli forces, called for a full investigation and deeply regretted the loss of human lives.[92]
  • Australia Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade said it was "deeply saddened by loss of life following the incident."[93]
  • Brazil Brazil's Ministry of External Relations issued a statement strongly condemning the Israeli action, calling for an independent investigation and the end of the blockade of the Gaza Strip. Brazil also expressed deep concern over the well-being of one of its citizens, Iara Lee, that was on board the flotilla. They further said that they had instructed the Permanent Representative of Brazil to the United Nations to fully support an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council to discuss the Israeli military action, and that the Ambassador of Israel in Brasília had been summoned to explain the events.[94]
  • Canada The Canada prime minister's office released a statement saying it "deeply regrets" the loss of life in the Israeli raid on an aid flotilla sailing to the blockaded Gaza Strip and that they are "... are currently looking for more information in order to shed light on what exactly happened".[95]
  • Chile Chilean Senator Alejandro Navarro, who was scheduled to be aboard the Gaza aid convoy, denounced the attack as "cowardly and disproportionate against unarmed civilians."[96]
  • China China Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu condemned Israel's raid on the international convoy and urged Israel to seriously implement UN Security Council resolutions and improve the humanitarian situation in Gaza.[97]
  • India India's Ministry of External Affairs release a statement condemning the attack by Israeli forces. "There can be no justification for such indiscriminate use of force, which we condemn,” said the release.[98]
  • Indonesia Indonesian foreign minister Marty Natalegawa condemned Israeli action and said that Israeli blockade in Gaza is a violation of international law.[99]
  • Iran Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmedinejad said that the incident was an "inhuman action of the Zionist regime against the Palestinian people" and that it would bring the regime "closer than ever to its end."[100] The Iranian government has called for a boycott of Israel.[101]
  • Pakistan Pakistan strongly condemned the Israeli action, calling it a cruel act and an open violation of international laws and ethics. Pakistan has also expressed deep concern over the well-being of Pakistanis and journalists on board and Pakistani missions are in touch with Arab countries of the region to get information about the status of the Pakistanis in the flotilla.[102] President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani strongly condemned the Israeli actions. They further said that the Government of Pakistan is exerting all its efforts to find out what had happened to the Pakistanis aboard the flotilla.[103]
  • South Africa South Africa Foreign Ministry issued a statement "strongly condemning all military aggression by Israel against innocent civilians, including those in the occupied West Bank and Gaza."[104]
  • United States A White House spokesman said that the United States "deeply regrets the loss of life and injuries sustained, and is currently working to understand the circumstances surrounding this tragedy."[18]

Human Rights Groups

  • Amnesty International accused Israel of using excessive force, and claimed that the level of lethal force used was out of proportion to any threat that could have been posed by the protesters. Amnesty International called on Israel to make public the rules of engagement used by the commandos, and to launch an "immediate, credible and independent investigation".[105]

See also

Wikinews has related news:
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gaza flotilla clash.

References

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  50. ^ Новости в мире
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  82. ^ May 2010/gaza-aid-israel-attack.html Up to 19 reported killed as Israel disrupts Gaza humanitarian effort, RT, 31 May 2010
  83. ^ Spencer, Richard (31 May 2010). "At least 16 dead as Israeli troops storm Gaza aid flotilla". Telegraph. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  84. ^ "Turkey withdraws ambassador to Israel over deaths". Washington Post. 31 May 2010.
  85. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE64U1UF20100531
  86. ^ http://www.tsk.tr/10_ARSIV/10_1_Basin_Yayin_Faaliyetleri/10_3_Bilgi_Notlari/2010/BN_55.html
  87. ^ "LIVE: Israeli raid on Gaza flotilla". BBC News. 231 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  88. ^ Attack on Gaza flotilla 'humanitarian disaster', says Iraq official, Earth Times, Deutsche Presse Agentur, 31 May 2010
  89. ^ Abbas: Israel has committed a massacre on the Gaza flotilla
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  91. ^ "At least 10 dead as Israel forces storm Gaza aid boat". Dawn. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
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  93. ^ Australians on aid flotilla are safe, Australian Associated Press, smh.com.au, 31 May 2010
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  97. ^ China Condemns Israel's Attack on Gaza Aid Flotilla, by Zhang Xu, Xinhua News Agency, 31-05-2010
  98. ^ India condemns Israeli attack on pro-Palestinian peace activists , Thaindian, 31-05-2010
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  104. ^ South Africa condemns the Israeli Attacks on Aid Ships to Gaza, Department of International Relations and Cooperation, 31-05-2010
  105. ^ http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/israeli-killings-gaza-ship-activists-must-be-investigated-2010-05-31

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