Islam in West Bengal
 |
 West Bengal's oldest mosque located at Murshidabad district | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 24,654,825 million (2011 census) (27% of the state population)  [1][2][3][4][5] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Majority in Murshidabad (66.3%), Maldah (51.3%), Uttar dinajpur (50%). Significant minority in Birbhum (37.1%), South 24 Parganas (35.6%), Howrah (26.20%). | |
| Languages | |
| Majority Bengali, Minority Urdu, Surjapuri, and others |
| Part of a series on |
| Islam |
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According to the 2011 census, West Bengal has over 24.6 million Muslims, making up 27% of the state's population.[6] The vast majority of Muslims in West Bengal are ethnic Bengali Muslims, numbering around 21 million and comprising 24% of the state population. There also exists an Urdu-speaking Muslim community which makes up rest 3% of the state population.[7][1][3][2][4][8]
Muslims form the majority of the population in three districts: Murshidabad, Malda and Uttar Dinajpur.[9] Among these, Uttar Dinajpur is notable as ethnic Bengali Muslims comprise 48% of the district's population, with the remaining 2% being Urdu and Surjapuri speakers.[10]
Demography
| Year | Percentage (%) | Muslim Population 
|
Total population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 29.44 | 3,954,776 | 16,940,088 |
| 1911 | 30.31 | 4,355,098 | 17,998,769 |
| 1921 | 30.67 | 4,601,516 | 17,474,348 |
| 1931 | 32.30 | 5,521,313 | 18,897,036 |
| 1941 | 33.18 | 6,006,442 | 23,229,552 |
| 1951 | 15.85 | 39,44,487 | 26,299,980 |
| 1961 | 19.79 | 6,915,348 | 34,926,279 |
| 1971 | 20.46 | 9,083,963 | 44,312,011 |
| 1981 | 21.51 | 11,743,209 | 54,580,647 |
| 1991 | 23.61 | 16,050,000 | 68,077,965 |
| 2001 | 25.25 | 20,240,543 | 80,176,197 |
| 2011 | 27.01 | 24,654,825 | 91,347,736 |
History
Islam first arrived in Bengal in the year 1204.[13] The establishment of the first Muslim state in Bengal, the Bengal Sultanate, in 1352 by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah is credited to giving rise to a Bengali socio-linguistic identity.[14] The Sultanate's influence was expansive, with the Hindu-born sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah funding the construction of Islamic institutions as far as Mecca and Medina, which came to be known as al-Madaris al-Banjaliyyah (Bengali madrasas). Sufis also became prominent in this period, such as Usman Serajuddin, also known as Akhi Siraj Bengali, who was a native of Gaur in western Bengal and became the Sultanate's court scholar during Ilyas Shah's reign.[15][16][17] Alongside Persian and Arabic, the Sultanate also used the Bengali language to gain patronage and support, contrary to previous states which exclusively favored liturgical languages such as Sanskrit and Pali.[18][19] Islam became especially widespread when the region was under Mughal rule from 1576 to 1765 and was commonly known as Bengal Subah.[citation needed] The Mughal Emperors considered Bengal their most prized province. The Mughal emperor Akbar is credited with developing the modern Bengali calendar.[20]
Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 3,954,776 | — |
| 1911 | 2,955,098 | −25.3% |
| 1921 | 4,101,516 | +38.8% |
| 1931 | 4,521,313 | +10.2% |
| 1941 | 5,506,442 | +21.8% |
| 1951 | 5,102,330 | −7.3% |
| 1961 | 6,915,348 | +35.5% |
| 1971 | 9,083,963 | +31.4% |
| 1981 | 11,743,209 | +29.3% |
| 1991 | 16,050,000 | +36.7% |
| 2001 | 20,240,543 | +26.1% |
| 2011 | 24,654,825 | +21.8% |
| 2021 | 30,002,788 | +21.7% |
| Source: [12] | ||
Partition and immigration
The Muslim population in West Bengal before 1947 partition was around 30%.[21] After partition of Bengal in 1947, some Muslims from West Bengal left for East Pakistan, (Present-Day-Bangladesh). Estimates show that 1,534,718 Muslim refugees from West Bengal settling permanently in East Pakistan during 1947–1951.[22]
Population by district (2011)
| # | District | Total population | Muslim population | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Murshidabad | 7,103,807 | 4,707,573 | 66.88% |
| 2 | South 24 Parganas | 8,161,961 | 2,903,075 | 35.57% |
| 3 | North 24 Parganas | 10,009,781 | 2,584,684 | 25.82% |
| 4 | Malda | 3,988,845 | 2,045,151 | 51.27% |
| 5 | Bardhaman | 7,717,563 | 1,599,764 | 20.73% |
| 6 | Uttar Dinajpur | 3,007,134 | 1,501,170 | 49.92% |
| 7 | Nadia | 5,167,600 | 1,382,682 | 26.76% |
| 8 | Birbhum | 3,502,404 | 1,298,054 | 37.06% |
| 9 | Howrah | 4,850,029 | 1,270,641 | 26.20% |
| 10 | Kolkata | 4,496,694 | 926,414 | 20.60% |
| 11 | Hooghly | 5,519,145 | 870,204 | 15.77% |
| 12 | Purba Medinipur | 5,095,875 | 743,436 | 14.59% |
| 13 | Cooch Behar | 2,819,086 | 720,033 | 25.54% |
| 14 | Paschim Medinipur | 5,913,457 | 620,554 | 10.49% |
| 15 | Jalpaiguri | 3,872,846 | 445,817 | 11.51% |
| 16 | Dakshin Dinajpur | 1,676,276 | 412,788 | 24.63% |
| 17 | Bankura | 3,596,674 | 290,450 | 8.08% |
| 18 | Purulia | 2,930,115 | 227,249 | 7.76% |
| 19 | Darjeeling | 1,846,823 | 105,086 | 5.69% |
| ## | West Bengal (Total) | 91,276,115 | 24,654,825 | 27.01% |
Trends
| Census year | % of total population | Decadal growth | Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 (Before partition) | 30.32%[21] | NA | NA |
| 1951 | 19.85% | 27.26% |
-10.47% |
| 1961 | 20% | 36.48% | +0.15% |
| 1971 | 20.46% | 29.76% | +0.46% |
| 1981 | 21.51% | 29.55% | +1.05% |
| 1991 | 23.61% | 36.89% | +2.1% |
| 2001 | 25.25% | 25.91% | +1.64% |
| 2011 | 27.01% | 21.80% | +1.76% |
| 2021 | 28.9%[2] | 26.30% | +1.89% |
| Census year | % of total population | Increase |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 29.44% | - |
| 1911 | 26.31% | -3.13% |
| 1921 | 26.07% | -0.24% |
| 1931 | 26.65% | +0.58% |
| 1941 | 26.18% | -0.47% |
Linguistic groups
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According to the 2021 census estimation, there were around 30 million Muslims living in West Bengal. Nearly most of them (26% of state population), about 27 million are native Bengali Muslims, constituting around 90% of the total Muslim population in the state, and are mostly concentrated in rural and Semi Urban areas. The Urdu-speaking Muslims from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh constitute rest 1.9%, numbering around 3 million and are mainly concentrated in Kolkata, Asansol, Islampur subdivision of West Bengal.[25][3][26]
Projections
West Bengal's Muslims percentage in the total population share have increased slightly, from 26.2% in 1941 (before partition) to again regaining the almost same share of percentage of above 27% as per the 2011 Census.[2][22] Based on the current growth rate, It has been estimated, that the percentage share of Muslim population in the state is approximately doubling in a span of 100 years starting from 19% in 1951 to 40% by 2061 as an prediction.[27]
West Bengal future Muslim population as using a third degree polynomial, with the square error minimised.[28]
| Year | Muslim Population
|
(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 30,003,050 | 29% |
| 2031 | 35,230,120 | 33% |
| 2041 | 39,492,300 | 36% |
| 2051 | 41,210,500 | 38% |
| 2061 | 42,842,700 | 40% |
Notable Muslims from West Bengal
Kolkata
- Begum Rokeya, Bengali feminist thinker, writer, Philanthropist
- Altamas Kabir, Indian former Chief Justice of India
- Abdul Masood, Indian Former cricketer.
- Hashim Abdul Halim, Indian Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembl.
- Mohammed Ali Qamar, boxer, medalist in Commonwealth Games.
- Rupam Islam, Indian musician
- Mohammad Hamid Ansari, former Vice President of India
- Mohammed Salim (footballer), Indian footballer
- Mohammed Salim (politician), The Minister for Technical Education and Training, Youth Welfare
- Firhad Hakim, Mayor of Kolkata, MIC Urban Development and Municipal Affairs
- Sultan Ahmed (politician), Indian politician and former Union Minister of State Tourism.
- Noor Alam Chowdhury, Former Minister of Animal Resources Development.
- Mohammed Rafique (footballer), Indian footballer
- Sahil Khan, Indian gymnast and model of India
- Nafisa Ali, Indian actress, politician and social activist
- Pinky Lilani, Indian author, motivational speaker, food expert and women's advocate
Malda
- Alaul Haq, Bengali Islamic scholar
- Usman Serajuddin, Bengali Islamic scholar
- A B A Ghani Khan Choudhury, former Railways Minister (India)
- Mausam Noor former M.P of Maldaha Uttar
- Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury M.P of Maldaha Dakshin and Ex-State Health Minister
- Isha Khan Choudhury current M.L.A of Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
- Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury Ex-M.L.A of Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) and Ex-Minister of Science and Technology
- Sabina Yeasmin current M.L.A of Mothabari and Minister of North Bengal Development, Irrigation Department
- Rubi Noor former three times M.L.A of Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)
Murshidabad
- Murshid Quli Khan, the first Nawab of Bengal
- Amina Begum, princess of the Nawab family and mother of siraj ud-Daulah
- Siraj ud-Daulah, last independent nawab of Bengal
- Abul Hayat, actor
- Mir Afsar Ali, radio jockey, actor
- Abdul Alim, folk singer, songwriter
- Baby Islam, cinematographer and director
- Syed Mustafa Siraj, Bengali writer
- Mujibar Rahaman, Bengali Documentary Filmmaker
- Moinul Hassan, writer, member of Parliament of India
- Mabinul Haq, Bengali writer
- Moniruddin Khan, Bengali poet and writer
- Abul Bashar, Bengali writer
- Syed Badrudduja, politician and former mayor of Kolkata
- Jahanara Imam, writer and political activist
- Zainal Abedin, politician and four time former MP of Jangipur
- Niamot Sheikh, M.L.A of Hariharpara, Hariharpara
- Babar Ali (teacher), "youngest headmaster in the world" by BBC
Hooghly
- Muhammad Mohsin, Bengali social reformer, Islamic scholar, Philanthropists, Daanvir.
- Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician), politician
- Abbas Siddiqui, Founder of Indian Secular Front.
Bardhaman
- Kazi Nazrul Islam, Bengali poet and music lyricist composer, writer known as Bidrohi Kobi.
- Abul Hashim, Islamic thinker and Freedom Fighter.
- Abdullah el Baqui, Bengali Islamic scholar, writer, Freedom Fighter.
- Nawab Abdul Jabbar, Indian bureaucrat, Social worker.
- Sheikh Saidul Haque, The first and incumbent M.P. from Bardhaman-Durgapur constituency.
- Abu Ayesh Mondal, Former chairman of West Bengal Minority Development & Finance Corporation.
- Siddiqullah Chowdhury, politician, minister and president Of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.
Birbhum
- Ekram Ali, Bengali poet
North 24 Parganas
- Azizul Haque (educator), Educationist, Education minister for Bengal .
- Mohammad Akram Khan, Bengali journalist,
- Masudur Rahman Baidya, Bengali swimmer.
- Sheikh Sahil , Footballer
- Rafikul Islam Mondal Indian politician ,MLA from the Basirhat Uttar.
- Haji Nurul Islam Indian politician ,MLA from the Haroa.
- Abdur Rahim Quazi Indian politician ,MLA from the Baduria.
- ATM Abdullah Indian politician.
South 24 Parganas
- Abdur Razzak Molla, Former Minister for Land and Land Reforms
- Abul Hasnat, Bengali physician .
- Firdousi Begum, First Lady MLA of Sonarpur Uttar
Howrah
- Azangachhi Shaheb, Indian Sufi saint.
- Hannan Mollah, social worker and MLA
Uttar Dinajpur
- Abdul Karim Chowdhury , Bengali Former Politician , Ex Minister for Mass Education Extension and Library Services.
Midanapur
- Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy, Bengali Educationist.
- Khujista Akhtar Banu, writer, social reformer.
- Begum Badar un nissa Akhtar, Indian social reformer.
- Zahid Suhrawardy, jurist and lawyer.
- Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy, Translator, art critic, Diplomat.
- Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Prime minister of Bengal.
Cooch Behar
- Abbasuddin Ahmed, Folk singer and Composer.
- Ferdausi Rahman, Folk singer
See also
References
- ^ a b "Population of West Bengal - West Bengal Population 2021".
- ^ a b c d "West Bengal assembly elections: Why getting Muslims votes could be tough for Mamata Banerjee". Times of India.
- ^ a b "West Bengal Population 2022".
- ^ Census of India - Religious Composition
- ^ "Why the 30% Muslim vote share is crucial in Bengal, explains Robin Roy".
- ^ Jayanta Ghosal (21 April 2021). "Decoding the Muslim vote in West Bengal". India Today. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ misu-2011-census.html "Census 2011 shows Islam is the fastest growing religion in India". Mint. 26 August 2015.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ Saibal Sen (26 August 2015). "Bengal beats India in Muslim growth rate".
- ^ hajarduar (22 October 2013). "The curious case of the Surjapuri people". আলাল ও দুলাল | ALAL O DULAL. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ https://m.statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/west-bengal-population.php
- ^ a b c d Nahid Kamal. "The Population Trajectories of Bangladesh and West Bengal During the Twentieth Century: A Comparative Study" (PDF).
- ^ http://pu.edu.pk › historyPDF the diffusion of islam in bengal - Punjab University
- ^ Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Iliyas Shah". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi. Akhbarul Akhyar.
- ^ Abdul Karim (2012). "Shaikh Akhi Sirajuddin Usman (R)". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ Hanif, N (2000). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia. Prabhat Kumar Sharma, for Sarup & Sons. p. 35.
- ^ "What is more significant, a contemporary Chinese traveler reported that although Persian was understood by some in the court, the language in universal use there was Bengali. This points to the waning, although certainly not yet the disappearance, of the sort of cosmopolitan mentality that the Muslim ruling class in Bengal had exhibited since its arrival over two centuries earlier. It also points to the survival and eventual dominance of parochial Bengali culture at the highest level of official society." (Eaton 1993:60)
- ^ Rabbani, AKM Golam (7 November 2017). "Politics and Literary Activities in the Bengali Language during the Independent Sultanate of Bengal". Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics. 1 (1): 151–166. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017 – via www.banglajol.info.
- ^ Shoaib Daniyal. "Bengali New Year: how Akbar invented the modern Bengali calendar". Scroll.in. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Muslims of West Bengal" (PDF). core.ac.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ a b Chatterji, Joya (2007). The Spoils of Partition: Bengal and India, 1947–1967. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-46830-5.
- ^ Population by religious community: West Bengal. 2011 Census of India.
- ^ B.P. Syam Roy (28 September 2015). "Bengal's topsy-turvy population growth". The Statesman. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016.
- ^ "Owaisi's entry into Bengal likely to unsettle TMC's sway over minorities | India News - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "West Bengal elections 2021: Mamata Banerjee and Muslim votes - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ^ "A Demographic Warning for West Bengal".
- ^ "A Demographic Warning for West Bengal". MyIndMakers. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
