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• https://www.csis.org/programs/europe-russia-and-eurasia-program/projects/european-election-watch/2021-elections/albania
• https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/1/493687.pdf
• https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/7/477547_0.pdf

Background

• Following the 2017 parliamentary election, the Socialist Party (PS) led by the prime minister Edi Rama maintained its majority by winning 74 out of 140 seats in the parliament of Albania. This electoral victory solidified Rama's mandate and facilitated the formation of his second cabinet, which prioritised economic development, infrastructure modernisation, and continued progress toward European Union (EU) integration.

• In 2019, the opposition, primarily the Democratic Party (PD) and the Socialist Movement for Integration (LSI), expressed deep dissatisfaction with the Rama administration's governance, alleging authoritarian tendencies and electoral misconduct. In 2019, the situation escalated when the opposition boycotted the local elections, arguing that the electoral process was not free and fair. This boycott sparked widespread protests across the country, with demonstrators demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Rama and calling for new elections to be conducted under a neutral government.

• • President Ilir Meta and Prime Minister Edi Rama also had a high clash, with the former attempting to annul the holding of municipal elections through a presidential decree, and the latter calling on parliament to dismiss the president.

• • In April, a coalition of united opposition led by the Democratic Party was formed, which also included the Socialist Movement for Integration, the Republican Party of Albania, the Movement for National Development, the United Party for Human Rights, the Agrarian Party, and the Party for Justice, Integration and Unity. Also in 2019, the united opposition refused to participate in the local elections,[8] accusing the government and the prime minister of vote-buying, voter intimidation, and links to criminal organizations, which led to the Socialist Party gaining a majority in the previous elections.

• Adding to the political and social challenges, Albania experienced a devastating earthquake on November 26, 2019. The 6.4 magnitude earthquake struck near the coastal city of Durrës, resulting in significant loss of life, injuries, and extensive damage to infrastructure and housing. The disaster exacerbated existing socio-economic vulnerabilities and intensified public scrutiny of the government's response.

Parliamentary parties

See also: List of political parties in Albania

The subsequent table details the political parties that attained representation in the Kuvendi during the 2017 parliamentary elections. In accordance with the electoral code, a parliamentary party is defined as a political organisation that has achieved representation in the Kuvendi by obtaining a minimum of one seat in the most recent electoral contest. In 2017, the Socialist Party secured 74 out of 140 seats. The Democratic Party received 43 seats, while the Socialist Movement for Integration obtained 19 seats. Further, the Party for Justice, Integration, and Unity garnered 3 seats, and the Social Democratic Party acquired 1 seat.

Name				Ideology	Position	Leader	2017 result
							Votes (%)	Seats
	PS		Socialist Party of Albania Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë	Social democracy	Centre-left to left-wing	Edi Rama	48.34	74 / 140
	PD		Democratic Party of Albania Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë	Conservatism	Centre-right	Lulzim Basha	28.85	43 / 140
	LSI		Socialist Movement for Integration Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim	Social democracy	Centre-left	Monika Kryemadhi	14.28	19 / 140
	PDIU		Party for Justice, Integration and Unity Partia Drejtësi, Integrim dhe Unitet	Minority	Right-wing	Shpëtim Idrizi	4.81	3 / 140
	PSD		Social Democratic Party of Albania Partia Socialdemokrate e Shqipërisë	Social democracy	Centre-left	Engjell Bejtja	0.95	1 / 140

Electoral system

• Albania's electoral system operates as a parliamentary republic characterised by multi-party system.

• The Kuvendi comprises 140 representatives elected through a regional proportional representation method.

• Members are elected for four-year terms, with 100 members elected directly from multi-member constituencies and 40 selected from multi-name lists of parties or party coalitions.

• Seats are allocated according to the d'Hondt method within 12 multi-member electoral constituencies that correspond to the 12 administrative regions.
  • Albania is divided into 12 electoral regions, each electing a varying number of representatives to the Kuvendi. The allocation of seats is determined by the population size of each region, ensuring a degree of geographic representation. The number of seats allocated for each district depends on the number of citizens registered in the respective district and in general ensured the equality of the vote.

• Each electoral constituency's distribution of seats is proportional to the number of registered citizens and is contingent upon an to a electoral threshold of 1%.
  • Voters cast their ballots for party lists, and parties must surpass a 1% electoral threshold to gain representation.

• Voting is not compulsory and all citizens of Albania have the right to vote, provided that they have reached the age of 18 and have not been deprived of the right due to a court decision.

Election date

According to the constitution, parliamentary elections in Albania are required to be conducted no later than 60 days and no earlier than 30 days prior to the expiration of the Kuvendi's mandate. On 4 September 2020, President Ilir Meta initiated several consultations to determine the election date for the upcoming parliamentary elections, inviting representatives from both parliamentary and non-parliamentary political parties to the Presidenca. The aim of the consultations was to ensure an organised and transparent electoral process. Lulzim Basha of the Democratic Party proposed 18 April 2021 as the optimal election date, a suggestion that garnered support from other political leaders and smaller party representatives. Edi Rama of the Socialist Party expressed a willingness to consider various dates but opposed 2 May due to its conflict with Easter celebrations. Rudina Hajdari of the Nisma Thurje countered with the suggestion of 2 May, arguing that elections could be conducted on holidays without compromising the democratic process. This sentiment was echoed by Arben Tafaj of the Agrarian Party and Vangjel Dule of the Unity for Human Rights Party, who advocated for holding elections at the earliest possible opportunity. Conclusively, on 6 September, Meta announced that the parliamentary elections would be scheduled for 25 April 2021.

Participating parties and coalitions

According to the electoral code, each political party is mandated to submit a registration request to the KQZ no later than 70 days prior to the scheduled election date. This request must comprehensively contain several critical components, including the identity of the party chair authorised to present candidates, the official name and acronym of the party, a specimen of the official stamp, and the contact information for both the finance officer and communication officer. Registered political parties have the option to form coalitions, which must also be registered with the KQZ at least 60 days before the election. A political party that is part of a coalition is restricted from engaging in another coalition or presenting candidates independently. The coalition is required to designate a leading party, which assumes the responsibility for fulfilling the legal obligations formed in the electoral code, and to document inter-party relations in a formal coalition agreement submitted to the KQZ. Furthermore, it is essential that both political parties and coalitions submit a multi-name list of candidates for the Kuvendi elections no later than 50 days prior to the election.

For the 2021 parliamentary elections, the Socialist Party opted to contest the elections independently, stating its intention not to enter any political coalition.

• https://dosja.al/zgjedhjet-e-25-prillit-kqz-regjistron-koalcionin-partia-demokratike-aleanca-per-ndryshim
• https://dosja.al/newsmobile//118788/

Electoral lists

The electoral lists that took part in the 2021 parliamentary election were confirmed by KQZ on 1 April 2021.

• https://thealbanianprofile.com/aleanca-per-ndryshim-pd-formon-koalicionin-me-aleatet-lsi-del-e-vetme/
• https://ata.gov.al/2021/03/22/kqz-publikon-listen-e-kandidateve-per-deputet-qe-do-dergohen-ne-prokurori-per-verifikim-pd-kryeson-listen/
• https://web.archive.org/web/20210421195439/https://kqz.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Regjistri-parti-koalicione-2021.pdf

• The election system was recently modified to a regional proportional representation system, with voters being able to cast preferential votes for individual candidates from party lists. ((Amendments to Constitution and Electoral Code in July and October 2020))

Name			Candidate
	ABEOK	People's Union Alliance Coalition Aleanca Bashkimi Popullor	Kujtim Gjuzi
	ADR	New Democracy Alliance Party Partia Aleanca Demokracia e Re	Edmond Stojku
	BD	Democratic Conviction Partia Bindja Demokratike	Astrit Patozi
	LN	Movement for Change Partia Lëvizja për Ndryshim	Jozefina Topalli
	LRE	New Movement Party Partia Lëvizja e Re	Arian Galdini
	LSI	Socialist Movement for Integration Lëvizja Socialiste për Integrim	Monika Kryemadhi
	NTH	Hashtag Initiative Nisma Thurje	Endrit Shabani
	PBK	Albanian National Front Party Partia Balli Kombëtar Shqiptar	Adriatik Alimadhi
	PLDSH	Albanian Democratic Movement Party Partia Lëvizja Demokratike Shqiptare	Myslim Murrizi
	PS	Socialist Party of Albania Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë	Edi Rama
	PSD	Social Democratic Party of Albania Partia Socialdemokrate e Shqipërisë	Tom Doshi
Democratic Party – Alliance for Change
	PD	Democratic Party of Albania Partia Demokratike e Shqipërisë	Lulzim Basha

Electoral results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Socialist Party	768,134	48.67	74	0
	Democratic Party – Aleanca për Ndryshim	622,187	39.43	59	New
	Socialist Movement for Integration	107,538	6.81	4	–15
	Social Democratic Party	35,475	2.25	3	+2
	Nisma Thurje	10,217	0.65	0	New
	Democratic Conviction	8,239	0.52	0	New
	Movement for Change	7,054	0.45	0	New
	Albanian Democratic Movement Party	4,705	0.30	0	New
	New Movement Party	3,767	0.24	0	New
	New Democracy Alliance Party	3,232	0.20	0	New
	Albanian National Front Party	1,946	0.12	0	New
	People's Union Alliance Coalition	1,376	0.09	0	New
	Independents	4,247	0.27	0	–
Total		1,578,117	100.00	140	–
Valid votes		1,661,176	99.93
Invalid/blank votes		1,098	0.07
Total votes		1,662,274	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		3,588,869	46.32
Source: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

References

Sources

• "Constitution of the Republic of Albania". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 22 November 1998. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
• "Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
• "Albania, Parliamentary Elections, 25 April 2021: Final Report". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 26 July 2021. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.