View source for 芥

{{character info}}
==Translingual==

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=140|rad=艸|as=04|sn=8|snmj+=7|four=44228|canj=TOLL,XTOLL|ids=⿱艹介}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[𠶋]], [[𤊍]], [[𰥬]]}}

====References====
* {{Han ref|kx=1019.310|dkj=30715|dj=1477.140|hdz=53182.060|uh=82A5|ud=33445|bh=AAE3|bd=43747}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|艸|介|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p|t1=grass, plant}} – a type of plant.

===Etymology===
The meaning "mustard green" is attested earliest in the ''{{w|Book of Rites}}''; "small grass" in ''{{w|Zuo zhuan}}'' (Ai 1).

{{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} compares it to {{cog|okm|갓}}, {{cog|tai-swe-pro|*ka:tᴰ}} (> {{cog|th|กาด}}, {{cog|lo|ກາດ}}, {{cog|shn|ၵၢတ်ႇ}}), {{cog|mkh-vie-pro|*kaːs}} (> {{cog|vi|cải}}, {{cog|mtq|cái}}, & {{cog|thm|-}} ''kajh¹''). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or {{w|Eastern Han Chinese}} (as proposed by Pittayaporn for {{m|tai-pro|*ka:tᴰ}}),

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=jiè,gài
|m-s=jiai4
|c=gaai3
|c-t=gai1
|g=gai4
|h=pfs=kie;gd=giai4
|j=jie3
|mb=guo̿i
|md=gái
|mn=kòa/kè/kài
|mn_note=kòa, kè - vernacular; kài - literary
|mn-t=gai3/kah4
|mn-t_note=gai3 - literary; kah4 - vernacular (limited)
|w=sh:1ka
|x=gai4
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[mustard greens]] ({{taxfmt|Brassica juncea|species}})
#* {{zh-x|膾：春 用 蔥，秋 用 芥。|Mince was made in spring, with onions; in autumn, with the '''mustard plant'''.|ref=Liji-L}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[small]] [[grass]]
#* {{zh-x|臣 聞：「國 之 興 也，視 民 如 傷，是 其 福 也。其 亡 也，以 民 為 土-芥，是 其 禍 也。」|I have heard that States flourish when they regard their people as if apprehensive of their receiving hurt:;`——that brings prosperity. States again perish when they treat their people as earth or '''grass'''; —that brings calamity.|ref=Zuozhuan-L}}
#* {{zh-x|君 之 視 臣 如 土-芥，則 臣 視 君 如 寇讎|When the prince regards his ministers as earth or as '''grass''', they regard him as a robber and an enemy.|ref=Mengzi-L}}
#* {{zh-x|覆 杯 水 於 坳堂 之 上，則 芥 為{wéi} 之 舟。|Tip water from a cup into a cavity, and a '''leaf of grass''' will float on it like were a boat.|ref=Zhuangzi-L}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|figurative}} [[triviality]]

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|芥蘭|芥末<t:mustard>|土芥|塵芥|塵芥蟲|大頭芥|如拾地芥|拾芥|易如拾芥|殺人如芥|視如土芥|視如草芥|視若草芥|纖芥不遺|芥子|芥子毒氣|芥子油|芥川賞|芥拾青紫|芥菜|芥菜頭|芥蒂|芥藍菜|草芥|荊芥|蒂芥|蠆芥|針芥相投|鍼芥相投|芥黃|芥辣|一芥|俛拾地芥|地芥|埃芥|壤芥|山芥|引鍼拾芥|拾地芥|掌中芥|橫芥|毛芥|毫芥|浮芥|石芥|纖芥|纖芥無爽|腐芥|芥子須彌|芥拾|芥羽|芥舟|芥蔕|芥藍|芥蠆|芥視|草芥人命|蔕芥|薹芥|蜀芥|負芥|遺芥|針芥|針芥之合|針芥之契|針芥之投|須彌芥子|南芥}}

===Descendants===
* {{desc|tai-pro|*kaːtᴰ|t=mustard greens|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tai-swe-pro|*kaːtᴰ|t=mustard greens}}
*** {{desc|lo|ກາດ}}
*** {{desc|shn|ၵၢတ်ႇ}}
*** {{desc|th|กาด}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=n|rs=艸04}}

# [[mustard]]
# [[rubbish]], [[trash]], [[dust]]

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=け
|kanon=かい
|kun=あくた-, からし-, ごみ-
}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|からし|yomi=k}}
{{ja-see|芥子}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|あくた|yomi=k}}
{{ja-see|あくた}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|ごみ|yomi=k|clearright=y}}
{{ja-see|ゴミ}}

==Korean==

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=개|eumhun=|rv=gae|mr=kae|y=kay}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=艸04}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=giới|rs=艸04}}

# {{rfdef|vi|sort=艸04}}