Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kvisti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kweistei. Related to Latvian kvitêt (“to shimmer, to glimmer”).

• Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-, where Proto-Indo-European *ḱw- is depalatalized to *kw- in Balto-Slavic before a back vowel but has its regular reflex św- before a front vowel, and the complex pattern of related Proto-Slavic words with *kv- and *sv- (see Related terms, below) is due to analogical changes in both directions.
• Per Rix (LIV), there are two separate roots, Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to become bright”) and Proto-Indo-European *kweyt- (“to shine”), the latter found only in Balto-Slavic.
• Chernykh refers to a substitution of "West-European" *k in place of *ḱ-, presumably suggesting a borrowing from a Centum language to the West of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
• Trubachev's theory is of "secondary centumization", which appears to be essentially the same as Chernykh's.

Verb

*kvistì impf

1. to bloom, to blossom, to flower

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kvisti, *kvьte, *kvьtetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kvьtenьje	*kvisti	*kvistъ	*kvьtlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kvьtenъ	*kvьtomъ
Active	*kvьtъ	*kvьty

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kvьt(ox)ъ	*kvьte	*kvьte	*kvьtǫ	*kvьteši	*kvьtetь
Dual	*kvьt(ox)ově	*kvьt(e/os)ta	*kvьt(e/os)te	*kvьtevě	*kvьteta	*kvьtete
Plural	*kvьt(ox)omъ	*kvьt(e/os)te	*kvьtǫ, *kvьtošę	*kvьtemъ	*kvьtete	*kvьtǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kvьtěaxъ	*kvьtěaše	*kvьtěaše	—	*kvьti	*kvьti
Dual	*kvьtěaxově	*kvьtěašeta	*kvьtěašete	*kvьtěvě	*kvьtěta	—
Plural	*kvьtěaxomъ	*kvьtěašete	*kvьtěaxǫ	*kvьtěmъ	*kvьtěte	—

Related terms

• *květъ
• *kvьtěti
• *svěťa
• *svě̑tъ
• *svьtěti

Descendants

Some descendants have generalised the present stem to the infinitive.

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: цвьсти (cvĭsti)
    • Belarusian: цвісці́ (cviscí), цьвісьці́ (cʹvisʹcí) (Tarashkevitsa orthography)
    • Russian: цвести́ (cvestí), цвѣсти́ (cvěstí) (obsolete)
    • Ukrainian: квісти́ (kvistý), цвісти́ (cvistý)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: цвисти (cvisti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: цъфтя́ (cǎftjá), цъвтя́ (cǎvtjá) (obsolete)
  • Macedonian: цвета (cveta)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: цва̀сти

    Latin script: cvàsti

  • Slovene: cvèsti, cvestȉ, cvésti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kvisti
    • Czech: kvésti (archaic), kvést
  • Old Polish: kwiść
    • Polish: kwiść (archaic or dialectal)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kwisć
    • Upper Sorbian: 1sg. ktu (infinitive kćěć is from *kvьtěti)

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “цвести́, цвету́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 362
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “цвет”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯ei̯t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ku̯ei̯t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kvisti, kvitǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 167