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Urothelial tumorigenesis: a tale of divergent pathways.

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  • 1. Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
      Authors
    • Wu XR 1
    (1 author)

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Nature reviews. Cancer, 01 Sep 2005, 5(9):713-725
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1697 PMID: 16110317 

Review

Abstract 

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is unique among epithelial carcinomas in its divergent pathways of tumorigenesis. Low-grade papillary tumours rarely become muscle-invasive and they frequently harbour gene mutations that constitutively activate the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras pathway. By contrast, most high-grade invasive tumours progress to life-threatening metastases and have defects in the p53 and the retinoblastoma protein pathways. Correcting pathway-specific defects represents an attractive strategy for the molecular therapy of urothelial carcinomas.

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