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Sequence signals in eukaryotic upstream regions.

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Affiliations

  • 1. Department of Molecular Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
      Authors
    • Nussinov R 1
    (1 author)

ORCIDs linked to this article

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 01 Jan 1990, 25(3):185-224
https://doi.org/10.3109/10409239009090609 PMID: 2196161 

Review

Abstract 

Two DNA sequence elements are known to recur frequently upstream of eukaryotic polymerase II-transcribed genes. The TATAAA, at position -40, specifies the transcription initiation site. The GGCCAATCT is less frequent around -80. Sequence analysis of upstream regions reveals that the underlined yeast UAS2 consensus sequence, TGATTGGT, is also very frequent at -80 in higher polymerase II-transcribed animal sequences. The underlined CCAAT box and yeast UAS sequences are complementary. Structural analysis suggests some symmetry in their DNA structures. Upstream of the TATAAT-rich region there is an abundance of GC sequences. Analysis of nucleotide tracts indicates that these are preferentially flanked by their complementary nucleotides with a pyrimidine-purine junction, i.e., TTAN, CCGn, CnGG, TnAA. Here, I discuss DNA structural consideration in upstream regions along with protein readout of the major and minor groove information content. These sequence-structure aspects are put in the general context of protein (factors)-DNA (elements) recognition and regulation.

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Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.3109/10409239009090609

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