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Sex-Specific Differences in Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Cardiology Postgraduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
      Authors
    • Sullivan K 1
    (1 author)
  • 2. Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
      Authors
    • Doumouras BS 2
    (1 author)
  • 3. Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
      Authors
    • Santema BT 3
    • Voors AA 3
    (2 authors)
  • 4. St Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
      Authors
    • Walsh MN 4
    (1 author)
  • 5. Duke University Medical Center/Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
      Authors
    • Douglas PS 5
    (1 author)
    • Show all (6)

ORCIDs linked to this article

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 29 Dec 2020, 37(4):560-571
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.12.025 PMID: 33383166 

Review

A comment on this article appears in "Sex-Specific Differences in Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes." Can J Cardiol. 2022 Oct;38(10):1615.

Abstract 

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality in Canada. There are sex-specific differences in the etiology, epidemiology, comorbidities, treatment response, and treatment adverse effects that have implications on outcomes in HF. Sex-specific analyses of some HF trials indicate that optimal doses of drug therapies and benefit of device therapies may differ between male and female patients, but the trials were not designed to test sex differences. The under-representation of female participants in HF randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is a major limitation in assessing the sex-specific efficacy and safety of treatments. To ensure that female patients receive safe and effective HF therapies, RCTs should include participants proportionate to the sex-specific distribution of disease. This review outlines the sex-specific differences in HF phenotype and treatment response, and highlights disparities in services and gaps in knowledge that merit further investigation.

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Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.12.025

Read article for free, from open access legal sources, via Unpaywall: https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/170955490/Sex_Specific_Differences_in_Heart_Failure_Pathophysiology_Risk_Factors_Management_and_Outcomes.pdfUnpaywall

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Funding 

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CIHR