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Risk for Coexistent Autoimmune Diseases in Familial and Sporadic Type 1 Diabetes is Related to Age at Diabetes Onset.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Catania, Italy.
      Authors
    • Milluzzo A 1
    • Tumminia A 1
    • Frittitta L 1
    • Sciacca L 1
    (4 authors)
  • 2. Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
      Authors
    • Falorni A 2
    • Brozzetti A 2
    (2 authors)
  • 3. Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione Garibaldi, Catania, Italy.
      Authors
    • Pezzino G 3
    • Tomaselli L 3
    (2 authors)
  • 4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania Medical School, Catania, Italy; Institute of Crystallography, Catania Section, National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
      Authors
    • Vigneri R 4
    (1 author)

ORCIDs linked to this article

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 13 Dec 2020, 27(2):110-117
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2020.09.012 PMID: 33616044 

Abstract 

Objective

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Although most of T1D patients are sporadic cases (S-T1D), 10% to 15% have a familial form (F-T1D) involving 2 or more first-degree relatives. This study evaluated the effect of T1D family aggregation and age onset on AIDs occurrence.

Methods

In this observational, cross-sectional, case-control, single center study, we enrolled 115 F-T1D and 115 S-T1D patients matched for gender, age, T1D age onset, and duration. With respect to T1D age onset (before or after 18 years), both groups were further subdivided into young- or adult-onset F-T1D and young- or adult-onset S-T1D. The presence of organ-specific antibodies and/or overt AIDs was evaluated.

Results

The F-T1D group had a higher percentage of AIDs (29.8% vs 18.4%, P = .04) and a significant earlier onset of AIDs at Cox regression analysis (P = .04) than the S-T1D group. Based on multivariate analysis, the adult-onset F-T1D subgroup had the highest prevalence of both additional organ-specific antibodies (60.5%) and overt AIDs (34.9%), whereas the adult S-T1D subgroup was the least frequently involved (29.1% and 12.7%, respectively). In F-T1D patients, offsprings develop T1D and AIDs earlier than their parents do.

Conclusions

In T1D patients, familial aggregation and adult-onset of T1D increase the risk for coexistent AIDs. These clinical predictors could guide clinicians to address T1D patients for the screening of T1D-related AIDs.

Full text links 

Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2020.09.012

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Funding 

Funders who supported this work.

Università di Catania