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Individual and school correlates of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in primary school children from the REACT project: A multivariate multilevel analysis.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
      Authors
    • Pereira S 1
    • Borges R 1
    • Garganta R 1
    • Santos C 1
    • Farias C 1
    • Maia J 1
    (6 authors)
  • 2. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
      Authors
    • Katzmarzyk PT 2
    (1 author)
  • 3. Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
      Authors
    • Garbeloto F 3
    • Tani G 3
    (2 authors)
  • 4. Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
      Authors
    • Chaput JP 4
    (1 author)
  • 5. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
      Authors
    • Hedeker D 5
    (1 author)
    • Show all (7)

ORCIDs linked to this article

Show all (11)

American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 12 Mar 2024, 36(7):e24065
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.24065 PMID: 38476020 

Abstract 

Objective

This paper examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using a multivariate multilevel approach and investigates the links between individual and school-related correlates with children's BMI and CRF.

Methods

This cross-sectional sample included 1014 children (6-10 years) from 25 Portuguese primary schools. BMI was calculated, and CRF was assessed with the PACER test. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) included five object control tasks. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and sedentary time were assessed with the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer. Socioeconomic status (SES) and school variables were also obtained. A multivariate multilevel model was used, and alpha was set at 5%.

Results

BMI and CRF systematically increased with age. Most of the joint variance (94.4%) was explained at the child level, and BMI and CRF were correlated at this level (ρ = -.37). More active children demonstrated higher CRF levels and had lower BMI levels; sedentary and sleep time were not significantly associated with BMI or CRF. FMS were positively associated with CRF but were not significantly associated with BMI. Children at higher SES were more fit and had lower BMI than their peers of lower SES. Finally, school-level variables were not significantly related to BMI and CRF.

Conclusion

BMI and CRF had a low but statistically significant negative correlation in this sample of children. Most of the variation in BMI and CRF was explained by child-level characteristics.

Full text links 

Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.24065

Read article for free, from open access legal sources, via Unpaywall: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ajhb.24065Unpaywall

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Funding 

Funders who supported this work.

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia