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Efficacy of praziquantel drug against Schistosoma haematobium and performance of urine reagent strips among pre-and-school aged children during the high transmission season in North-Western Tanzania.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership and School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
      Authors
    • Mazigo HD 1
    (1 author)
  • 2. Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania.
      Authors
    • Kayange N 2
    • Ambrose EE 2
    (2 authors)
  • 3. Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership and School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
      Authors
    • Zinga MM 3
    • Mugassa S 3
    • Ruganuza D 3
    (3 authors)
  • 4. National Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, 3 Barack Obama Drive, 11101 Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania.
      Authors
    • Mwingira UJ 4
    • Uisso C 4
    (2 authors)
  • 5. Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa Partnership, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
      Authors
    • Mutapi F 5
    (1 author)

Acta Tropica, 09 May 2024, 256:107232
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107232 PMID: 38729329 

Abstract 

The World Health Organization calls for schistosomiasis endemic countries to regularly monitor the efficacy of Praziquantel (PZQ) drug, the only antischistosomal drug used for four decades in Tanzania. In response to that call, the current study investigated the efficacy of single dose of PZQ against Schistosoma haematobium during the high transmission season and further assessed, the sensitivity and specificity of urine reagent strips before and after treatment. The study recruited a total of 2,498 -children aged (4 -17 years old) who provided a single urine sample that was visually examined for macro-haematuria, then using urine dipstick and urine filtration technique for microhaematuria and the presence of S. haematobium eggs. The baseline prevalence of S. haematobium eggs positive based on urine filtration test was 29.2 % (95 %CI:27.5-31.0) and that of microhaematuria was 43.1 % (95 %CI:41.1-45.0). Of the infected participants, 40.9 % (95 %CI:37.4-44.6) had a heavy intensity of infection and the geometrical mean intensity (GMI) of infection was 33.7 eggs/10mls of urine. A single dose of PZQ reduced the prevalence of infection to 16.2 %, the GMI of infection to 18.8eggs/10mls of urine and that of microhaematuria to 27.9 %. Cure rate and egg reduction rates (ERR) were 83.8 % and 44.3 % respectively. At baseline, the sensitivity and specificity of the urine reagent strips were 59.7 % and 93.8 %, whereas at post-treatment they were 16.7 % and 93.6 %. When PZQ drug is administered during the high transmission season, its efficacy in term of ERR is poor. The urine reagent strips had low sensitivity but high specificity at pre-and-post PZQ treatment.

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Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107232

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Funding 

Funders who supported this work.

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (1)