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Effects of urinary organophosphate flame retardants in susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school-age children.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
      Authors
    • Wang LJ 1
    • Tsai CS 1
    • Chou WJ 1
    • Li CJ 1
    (4 authors)
  • 2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
      Authors
    • Chao HR 2
    (1 author)
  • 3. Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
      Authors
    • Chen CC 3
    (1 author)
  • 4. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
      Authors
    • Chen CM 4
    (1 author)
  • 5. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
      Authors
    • You HL 5
    • Huang WT 5
    (2 authors)
    • Show all (10)

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 06 Nov 2024, 287:117281
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117281 PMID: 39509783 

Abstract 

Our previous studies have revealed a correlation between urinary phthalates (PAE) metabolites and parabens and PM2.5 exposure and susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children. Our goal was to examine the relationships between urinary organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and their metabolites and the susceptibility to ADHD in the same cohort of children. We recruited 186 school children, including 132 with ADHD and 54 normal controls, living in southern Taiwan to investigate five OPFRs (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl phosphate (TDCPP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)) and five OPFR metabolites (bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP), bis(2-chloroethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCEP), di-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (DBEP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP)) in urine. ADHD patients' behavioral symptoms and neuropsychological function were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and the Conners' Continuous Performance Test 3rd Edition (Conners CPT3), respectively. BCEP was predominant among urinary OPFRs and the metabolites in both the ADHD and control groups. ADHD children had significantly higher levels of urinary BDCPP, BCEP, DBEP, DPHP, TCEP, TBEP, TNBP, TPHP, and Σ10OPFR compared to the controls. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, PM2.5 exposure scenarios, and urinary phthalate metabolites, parabens, bisphenol-A and creatinine, levels of urinary BDCPP, TDCPP, and TBEP in ADHD children showed significant and dose-dependent effects on core behavioral symptoms of inattention. DNBP levels were positively correlated with neuropsychological deficits (CPT detectability, omission, and commission), while urinary DPHP in ADHD children were negatively related to CPT detectability and commission. Hyperactivity and impulsivity were not correlated with urinary OPFRs and their metabolites in ADHD children. In conclusion, the ADHD symptom of inattention and CPT performance may be closely associated with certain urinary OPFRs and their metabolites, independent of urinary PAE metabolites, parabens, and bisphenol-A in school-age-ADHD children.

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Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117281