| PMC full text: | Published online 2024 Apr 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60011-y
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Table 2
Characteristics of new users based on different heart failure medication classes.
| ACEi (N  =357) | ARB (N =304) | MRA (N =773) | Beta-blockers (N =695) | SGLT-2i (N =109) | Digoxin/digitoxin (N =91) | Loop diuretics (N =725) | Thiazide diuretics (N =198) | Tolvaptan (N =709) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| Mean±SD | 76.5±10.6 | 76.0±11.1 | 78.0±9.9 | 75.7±11.4 | 71.3±11.6 | 77.2±9.4 | 78.1±9.4 | 78.5±9.0 | 78.7±9.3 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 212 (59.4) | 151 (49.7) | 427 (55.2) | 370 (53.2) | 71 (65.1) | 43 (47.3) | 368 (50.8) | 102 (51.5) | 401 (56.6) |
| BNP (pg/mL) | |||||||||
| Patients with recorded BNP values, n (%) | 263 (73.7) | 222 (73.0) | 561 (72.6) | 512 (73.7) | 86 (78.9) | 76 (83.5) | 470 (64.8) | 152 (76.8) | 539 (76.0) |
| Mean±SD | 468.0±693.6 | 413.0±551.6 | 410.1±512.1 | 396.3±611.1 | 386.7±432.0 | 368.0±342.5 | 253.2±275.0 | 371.8±407.9 | 422.3±492.4 |
| BNP/NT-proBNP category, n (%) | |||||||||
| BNP≤100 or NT-proBNP≤400 pg/mL | 48 (13.4) | 60 (19.7) | 124 (16.0) | 157 (22.6) | 24 (22.0) | 13 (14.3) | 181 (25.0) | 39 (19.7) | 108 (15.2) |
| 100<BNP≤200 or 400<NT-proBNP≤900 pg/mL | 60 (16.8) | 47 (15.5) | 120 (15.5) | 100 (14.4) | 18 (16.5) | 16 (17.6) | 111 (15.3) | 25 (12.6) | 95 (13.4) |
| 200<BNP≤300 or 900<NT-proBNP≤2000 pg/mL | 36 (10.1) | 33 (10.9) | 101 (13.1) | 80 (11.5) | 15 (13.8) | 14 (15.4) | 67 (9.2) | 30 (15.2) | 106 (15.0) |
| BNP>300 or NT-proBNP≥2000 pg/mL | 146 (40.9) | 102 (33.6) | 276 (35.7) | 220 (31.7) | 35 (32.1) | 38 (41.8) | 160 (22.1) | 78 (39.4) | 284 (40.1) |
| Missing | 67 (18.8) | 62 (20.4) | 152 (19.7) | 138 (19.9) | 17 (15.6) | 10 (11.0) | 206 (28.4) | 26 (13.1) | 116 (16.4) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 199 (55.7) | 180 (59.2) | 422 (54.6) | 363 (52.2) | 56 (51.4) | 56 (61.5) | 395 (54.5) | 119 (60.1) | 399 (56.3) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 168 (47.1) | 163 (53.6) | 360 (46.6) | 359 (55.5) | 69 (63.3) | 54 (59.3) | 308 (42.5) | 119 (60.1) | 467 (65.9) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 144 (40.3) | 113 (37.2) | 295 (38.2) | 264 (38.0) | 47 (43.1) | 33 (36.3) | 250 (34.5) | 77 (38.9) | 243 (34.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 115 (32.2) | 82 (27.0) | 238 (30.8) | 157 (22.6) | 23 (21.1) | 54 (59.3) | 166 (22.9) | 45 (22.7) | 227 (32.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 73 (20.4) | 63 (20.7) | 172 (22.3) | 171 (24.6) | 50 (45.9) | 22 (24.2) | 175 (24.1) | 54 (27.3) | 166 (23.4) |
| Stroke | 57 (16.0) | 42 (13.8) | 101 (13.1) | 93 (13.4) | 10 (9.2) | 13 (14.3) | 119 (16.4) | 21 (10.6) | 89 (12.6) |
| Myocardial infarction | 54 (15.1) | 33 (10.9) | 98 (12.7) | 66 (9.5) | 14 (12.8) | 12 (13.2) | 78 (10.8) | 18 (9.1) | 79 (11.1) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 43 (12.0) | 28 (9.2) | 86 (11.1) | 63 (9.1) | 5 (4.6) | 9 (9.9) | 66 (9.1) | 20 (10.1) | 83 (11.7) |
| Anemia | 76 (21.3) | 68 (22.4) | 152 (19.7) | 117 (16.8) | 8 (7.3) | 16 (17.6) | 121 (16.7) | 40 (20.2) | 182 (25.7) |
| Hyperkalemia | 24 (6.7) | 22 (7.2) | 31 (4.0) | 50 (7.2) | 4 (3.7) | 4 (4.4) | 36 (5.0) | 25 (12.6) | 70 (9.9) |
| Hypotension | 5 (1.4) | 4 (1.3) | 10 (1.3) | 12 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 13 (1.8) |
| HF treatments before the index date*, n (%) | |||||||||
| ACEi | 0 (0) | 66 (21.7) | 104 (13.5) | 73 (10.5) | 13 (11.9) | 17 (18.7) | 91 (12.6) | 23 (11.6) | 112 (15.8) |
| ARB | 122 (34.2) | 0 (0) | 298 (38.6) | 308 (44.3) | 57 (52.3) | 30 (33.0) | 352 (48.6) | 101 (51.0) | 294 (41.5) |
| MRA | 72 (20.2) | 48 (15.8) | 0 (0) | 110 (15.8) | 23 (21.1) | 31 (34.1) | 61 (8.4) | 40 (20.2) | 196 (27.6) |
| Beta-blockers | 152 (42.6) | 114 (37.5) | 325 (42.0) | 0 (0) | 54 (49.5) | 47 (51.6) | 313 (43.2) | 79 (39.9) | 346 (48.8) |
| SGLT-2i | 10 (2.8) | 6 (2.0) | 16 (2.1) | 19 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.4) | 15 (2.1) | 6 (3.0) | 11 (1.6) |
| Digoxin/digitoxin | 16 (4.5) | 9 (3.0) | 45 (5.8) | 32 (4.6) | 4 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 33 (4.6) | 7 (3.5) | 41 (5.8) |
| Loop diuretics | 198 (55.5) | 178 (58.6) | 439 (56.8) | 352 (50.6) | 69 (63.3) | 61 (67.0) | 0 (0) | 135 (68.2) | 532 (75.0) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 25 (7.0) | 18 (5.9) | 55 (7.1) | 57 (8.2) | 9 (8.3) | 9 (9.9) | 72 (9.9) | 0 (0) | 77 (10.9) |
| Tolvaptan | 26 (7.3) | 17 (5.6) | 45 (5.8) | 28 (4.0) | 16 (14.7) | 9 (9.9) | 16 (2.2) | 24 (12.1) | 0 (0) |
SD standard deviation, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, SGLT-2i sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, HF heart failure. *Used during the period of 183 days before the index date.