Oleic acid model. Rabbit lungs 6 h after the onset of intravenous infusion of saline (A) or 0.1 ml·kg−1·h−1 oleic acid over 2 h (B). Note the presence of hemorrhage, hyaline membrane formation, and inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs of the rabbit treated with oleic acid. Both rabbits were mechanically ventilated for the duration of the experiment (FiO2 = 0.8, respiratory rate = 30 bpm, PEEP = 2 cmH2O, tidal volume = 10 cc/kg). [From Furue et al. (74).]