Europe PMC

This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function. By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our privacy notice and cookie policy.

Prolonged elevation of interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and of leukocyte interleukin-8 mRNA levels during septicemic and localized Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Division of Communicable Diseases, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
      Authors
    • Friedland JS 1
    (1 author)

ORCIDs linked to this article

Infection and Immunity, 01 Jun 1992, 60(6):2402-2408
https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.6.2402-2408.1992 PMID: 1375198 PMCID: PMC257173

Free full text in Europe PMC

Abstract 

Patients suffering from serious bacterial infection present to the hospital after early inflammatory events, such as release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), have been initiated. The role of other cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant and activator, in the pathophysiology of human sepsis is not well characterized, and there are only limited data on IL-6. We studied serial concentrations of TNF, IL-6 (involved in the acute-phase response), and IL-8 in plasma and leukocyte levels of mRNA for these cytokines in patients with localized and septicemic Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection on admission to the hospital and during a prolonged recovery phase (up to 30 days). Of 18 patients, 8 had detectable plasma IL-8 and all had raised plasma IL-6 concentrations. In patients who died median initial concentration of IL-8 (167 pg/ml; range, 97 to 362 pg/ml) and IL-6 (4,800 pg/ml; range, 60 to 9,245 pg/ml) in plasma were higher than those in survivors (P less than 0.008 and P = 0.007, respectively). Septic patients who survived and patients with localized disease had similar cytokine levels. Plasma IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations were elevated throughout the inpatient period of recovery. Circulating leukocytes contained mRNA for IL-8 but not for IL-6 and TNF, and they may secrete IL-8. An elevated plasma IL-6 concentration (greater than 1,000 pg/ml) had 75% mortality) was the best predictor of mortality in P. pseudomallei sepsis. Fifty percent of patients with detectable plasma IL-8 concentrations died. In contrast, plasma TNF bioactivity did not relate to outcome; 75% of patients who did never had detectable plasma TNF activity.

Free full text 

Logo of iaiLink to Publisher's site
Infect Immun. 1992 Jun; 60(6): 2402–2408.
PMCID: PMC257173
PMID: 1375198

Prolonged elevation of interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and of leukocyte interleukin-8 mRNA levels during septicemic and localized Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection.

J S Friedland, Y Suputtamongkol, D G Remick, W Chaowagul, R M Strieter, S L Kunkel, N J White, and G E Griffin
Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer

Abstract

Patients suffering from serious bacterial infection present to the hospital after early inflammatory events, such as release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), have been initiated. The role of other cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant and activator, in the pathophysiology of human sepsis is not well characterized, and there are only limited data on IL-6. We studied serial concentrations of TNF, IL-6 (involved in the acute-phase response), and IL-8 in plasma and leukocyte levels of mRNA for these cytokines in patients with localized and septicemic Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection on admission to the hospital and during a prolonged recovery phase (up to 30 days). Of 18 patients, 8 had detectable plasma IL-8 and all had raised plasma IL-6 concentrations. In patients who died median initial concentration of IL-8 (167 pg/ml; range, 97 to 362 pg/ml) and IL-6 (4,800 pg/ml; range, 60 to 9,245 pg/ml) in plasma were higher than those in survivors (P less than 0.008 and P = 0.007, respectively). Septic patients who survived and patients with localized disease had similar cytokine levels. Plasma IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations were elevated throughout the inpatient period of recovery. Circulating leukocytes contained mRNA for IL-8 but not for IL-6 and TNF, and they may secrete IL-8. An elevated plasma IL-6 concentration (greater than 1,000 pg/ml) had 75% mortality) was the best predictor of mortality in P. pseudomallei sepsis. Fifty percent of patients with detectable plasma IL-8 concentrations died. In contrast, plasma TNF bioactivity did not relate to outcome; 75% of patients who did never had detectable plasma TNF activity.

Full text

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.5M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.
 
icon of scanned page 2402
2402
icon of scanned page 2403
2403
icon of scanned page 2404
2404
icon of scanned page 2405
2405
icon of scanned page 2406
2406
icon of scanned page 2407
2407
icon of scanned page 2408
2408
 

Images in this article

Image
Image
on p.2406
Click on the image to see a larger version.

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
  • Aarden LA, De Groot ER, Schaap OL, Lansdorp PM. Production of hybridoma growth factor by human monocytes. Eur J Immunol. 1987 Oct;17(10):1411–1416. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Ashdown LR. An improved screening technique for isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clinical specimens. Pathology. 1979 Apr;11(2):293–297. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Bazzoni F, Cassatella MA, Rossi F, Ceska M, Dewald B, Baggiolini M. Phagocytosing neutrophils produce and release high amounts of the neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8. J Exp Med. 1991 Mar 1;173(3):771–774. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Calandra T, Baumgartner JD, Grau GE, Wu MM, Lambert PH, Schellekens J, Verhoef J, Glauser MP. Prognostic values of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin-1, interferon-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the serum of patients with septic shock. Swiss-Dutch J5 Immunoglobulin Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1990 May;161(5):982–987. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Calandra T, Gerain J, Heumann D, Baumgartner JD, Glauser MP. High circulating levels of interleukin-6 in patients with septic shock: evolution during sepsis, prognostic value, and interplay with other cytokines. The Swiss-Dutch J5 Immunoglobulin Study Group. Am J Med. 1991 Jul;91(1):23–29. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Cannon JG, Tompkins RG, Gelfand JA, Michie HR, Stanford GG, van der Meer JW, Endres S, Lonnemann G, Corsetti J, Chernow B, et al. Circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in septic shock and experimental endotoxin fever. J Infect Dis. 1990 Jan;161(1):79–84. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Damas P, Reuter A, Gysen P, Demonty J, Lamy M, Franchimont P. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans. Crit Care Med. 1989 Oct;17(10):975–978. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • DeForge LE, Remick DG. Kinetics of TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 gene expression in LPS-stimulated human whole blood. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 15;174(1):18–24. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • DeForge LE, Remick DG. Sandwich ELISA for detection of picogram quantities of interleukin-8. Immunol Invest. 1991 Feb;20(1):89–97. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood. 1991 Apr 15;77(8):1627–1652. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Fong Y, Tracey KJ, Moldawer LL, Hesse DG, Manogue KB, Kenney JS, Lee AT, Kuo GC, Allison AC, Lowry SF, et al. Antibodies to cachectin/tumor necrosis factor reduce interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 appearance during lethal bacteremia. J Exp Med. 1989 Nov 1;170(5):1627–1633. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Gauldie J, Richards C, Harnish D, Lansdorp P, Baumann H. Interferon beta 2/B-cell stimulatory factor type 2 shares identity with monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and regulates the major acute phase protein response in liver cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7251–7255. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Gimbrone MA, Jr, Obin MS, Brock AF, Luis EA, Hass PE, Hébert CA, Yip YK, Leung DW, Lowe DG, Kohr WJ, et al. Endothelial interleukin-8: a novel inhibitor of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1601–1603. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Hack CE, De Groot ER, Felt-Bersma RJ, Nuijens JH, Strack Van Schijndel RJ, Eerenberg-Belmer AJ, Thijs LG, Aarden LA. Increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 in sepsis. Blood. 1989 Oct;74(5):1704–1710. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Havell EA, Sehgal PB. Tumor necrosis factor-independent IL-6 production during murine listeriosis. J Immunol. 1991 Jan 15;146(2):756–761. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Hechtman DH, Cybulsky MI, Fuchs HJ, Baker JB, Gimbrone MA., Jr Intravascular IL-8. Inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation at sites of acute inflammation. J Immunol. 1991 Aug 1;147(3):883–892. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Heinrich PC, Castell JV, Andus T. Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response. Biochem J. 1990 Feb 1;265(3):621–636. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Hirano T, Yasukawa K, Harada H, Taga T, Watanabe Y, Matsuda T, Kashiwamura S, Nakajima K, Koyama K, Iwamatsu A, et al. Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin. Nature. 1986 Nov 6;324(6092):73–76. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Kunkel SL, Spengler M, Kwon G, May MA, Remick DG. Production and regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha. A cellular and molecular analysis. Methods Achiev Exp Pathol. 1988;13:240–259. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Leelarasamee A, Bovornkitti S. Melioidosis: review and update. Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11(3):413–425. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Lotz M, Jirik F, Kabouridis P, Tsoukas C, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Carson DA. B cell stimulating factor 2/interleukin 6 is a costimulant for human thymocytes and T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1988 Mar 1;167(3):1253–1258. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Luger TA, Krutmann J, Kirnbauer R, Urbanski A, Schwarz T, Klappacher G, Köck A, Micksche M, Malejczyk J, Schauer E, et al. IFN-beta 2/IL-6 augments the activity of human natural killer cells. J Immunol. 1989 Aug 15;143(4):1206–1209. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Martich GD, Danner RL, Ceska M, Suffredini AF. Detection of interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor in normal humans after intravenous endotoxin: the effect of antiinflammatory agents. J Exp Med. 1991 Apr 1;173(4):1021–1024. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Møller B, Mogensen SC, Wendelboe P, Bendtzen K, Petersen CM. Bioactive and inactive forms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in spinal fluid from patients with meningitis. J Infect Dis. 1991 Apr;163(4):886–889. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Redl H, Schlag G, Bahrami S, Schade U, Ceska M, Stütz P. Plasma neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin-8 and neutrophil elastase in a primate bacteremia model. J Infect Dis. 1991 Aug;164(2):383–388. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Remick DG, Strieter RM, Lynch JP, 3rd, Nguyen D, Eskandari M, Kunkel SL. In vivo dynamics of murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression. Kinetics of dexamethasone-induced suppression. Lab Invest. 1989 Jun;60(6):766–771. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Sica A, Matsushima K, Van Damme J, Wang JM, Polentarutti N, Dejana E, Colotta F, Mantovani A. IL-1 transcriptionally activates the neutrophil chemotactic factor/IL-8 gene in endothelial cells. Immunology. 1990 Apr;69(4):548–553. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Starnes HF, Jr, Pearce MK, Tewari A, Yim JH, Zou JC, Abrams JS. Anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies protect against lethal Escherichia coli infection and lethal tumor necrosis factor-alpha challenge in mice. J Immunol. 1990 Dec 15;145(12):4185–4191. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Showell HJ, Remick DG, Phan SH, Ward PA, Marks RM. Endothelial cell gene expression of a neutrophil chemotactic factor by TNF-alpha, LPS, and IL-1 beta. Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1467–1469. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Strieter RM, Phan SH, Showell HJ, Remick DG, Lynch JP, Genord M, Raiford C, Eskandari M, Marks RM, Kunkel SL. Monokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor gene expression in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 25;264(18):10621–10626. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Tracey KJ, Beutler B, Lowry SF, Merryweather J, Wolpe S, Milsark IW, Hariri RJ, Fahey TJ, 3rd, Zentella A, Albert JD, et al. Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science. 1986 Oct 24;234(4775):470–474. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Tracey KJ, Fong Y, Hesse DG, Manogue KR, Lee AT, Kuo GC, Lowry SF, Cerami A. Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia. Nature. 1987 Dec 17;330(6149):662–664. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Ulich TR, Guo KZ, Remick D, del Castillo J, Yin SM. Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression in vivo. III. IL-6 mRNA and serum protein expression and the in vivo hematologic effects of IL-6. J Immunol. 1991 Apr 1;146(7):2316–2323. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Van Zee KJ, DeForge LE, Fischer E, Marano MA, Kenney JS, Remick DG, Lowry SF, Moldawer LL. IL-8 in septic shock, endotoxemia, and after IL-1 administration. J Immunol. 1991 May 15;146(10):3478–3482. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Waage A, Brandtzaeg P, Halstensen A, Kierulf P, Espevik T. The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome. J Exp Med. 1989 Jan 1;169(1):333–338. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • White NJ, Dance DA, Chaowagul W, Wattanagoon Y, Wuthiekanun V, Pitakwatchara N. Halving of mortality of severe melioidosis by ceftazidime. Lancet. 1989 Sep 23;2(8665):697–701. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Yoshimura T, Matsushima K, Tanaka S, Robinson EA, Appella E, Oppenheim JJ, Leonard EJ. Purification of a human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9233–9237. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Zabel P, Wolter DT, Schönharting MM, Schade UF. Oxpentifylline in endotoxaemia. Lancet. 1989 Dec 23;2(8678-8679):1474–1477. [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
  • Zoja C, Wang JM, Bettoni S, Sironi M, Renzi D, Chiaffarino F, Abboud HE, Van Damme J, Mantovani A, Remuzzi G, et al. Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce gene expression and production of leukocyte chemotactic factors, colony-stimulating factors, and interleukin-6 in human mesangial cells. Am J Pathol. 1991 Apr;138(4):991–1003. [Europe PMC free article] [Abstract] [Google Scholar]
Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

Full text links 

Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.60.6.2402-2408.1992

Read article for free, from open access legal sources, via Unpaywall: https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/60/6/2402.full.pdfUnpaywall

Free to read at iai.asm.org
http://iai.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/60/6/2402

Free after 4 months at iai.asm.org
http://iai.asm.org/cgi/reprint/60/6/2402

Citations & impact 

Impact metrics

94
Citations
Jump to Citations

Citations of article over time

Article citations

Go to all (94) article citations

Similar Articles 

To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation.

Funding 

Funders who supported this work.

NIGMS NIH HHS (1)

Wellcome Trust