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Table 1

Cause specific mortality by smoking habit, standardised indirectly for age and study year, for all 34 439 men born in 19th or 20th century (1851-1930) and observed 1951-2001

Cause of death
No of deaths 1951-2001
Age standardised mortality rate per 1000 men/year
Cigarette smokers (no other smoking habit previously reported)
Other smokers
Standardised tests for trend (χ2 on 1 df)*
Lifelong non-smokers
Former
Current
Current (cigarettes/day)
1-1415-24 ≥25FormerCurrentN/X/C†Amount†
Cancer of lung 1052 0.17 0.68 2.49 1.31 2.33 4.17 0.71 1.30 394 452
Cancers of mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus 340 0.09 0.26 0.60 0.36 0.47 1.06 0.30 0.47 68 83
All other neoplasms 3893 3.34 3.72 4.69 4.21 4.67 5.38 3.66 4.22 32 36
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 640 0.11 0.64 1.56 1.04 1.41 2.61 0.45 0.64 212 258
Other respiratory disease 1701 1.27 1.70 2.39 1.76 2.65 3.11 1.69 1.67 44 70
Ischaemic heart disease 7628 6.19 7.61 10.01 9.10 10.07 11.11 7.24 7.39 138 133
Cerebrovascular disease 3307 2.75 3.18 4.32 3.76 4.35 5.23 3.24 3.28 48 65
Other vascular (including respiratory heart) disease 3052 2.28 2.83 4.15 3.37 4.40 5.33 2.99 3.08 77 94
Other medical conditions 2565 2.26 2.47 3.49 2.94 3.33 4.60 2.49 2.44 34 54
External causes 891 0.71 0.75 1.13 1.08 0.79 1.76 0.89 0.92 17 27
Cause unknown 277 0.17 0.28 0.52 0.39 0.57 0.59 0.25 0.31 16 24
All cause (No of deaths) 25 346 19.38 (2917) 24.15 (5354) 35.40 (4680) 29.34 (1450) 34.79 (1725) 45.34 (1505) 23.96 (5713) 25.70 (6682) 699 869
*Values of χ2 on one degree of freedom for trend between three or four groups: values ≥15 correspond to P<0.0001.
†N/X/C compares three groups: lifelong non-smokers, former cigarette smokers, and current cigarette smokers. Amount compares four groups: never smoked regularly, and current cigarette smokers consuming 1-14, 15-24 or ≥25 cigarettes/day when last asked.