Schematic Illustration of the Working Mechanism of X-PDTaaA nanoscintillator core made of SAO is coated with two layers of silica, an inner solid layer and an outer mesoporous layer. Into the mesoporous silica layer, a photosensitizer, MC540, is loaded. Under X-ray irradiation, SAO converts X-rays to visible light photons (XEOL). The visible light photons, in turn, activate near-by MC540 molecules to produce cytotoxic 1O2 that destroys nearby cancer cells. 3O2 is the ground-state oxygen.