| PMC full text: | Published online 2018 Apr 12. doi: 10.1289/EHP2738
|
Table 1
Participant characteristics from five European birth cohorts.
| Characteristic | BAMSE | GINIplus | LISAplus | MAS | PIAMA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Sweden | Germany | Germany | Germany | The Netherlands |
| Years of recruitment | 1994–1996 | 1995–1998 | 1997–1999 | 1990 | 1996–1997 |
| Number of children at recruitment | 4,089 | 5,991 | 3,094 | 1,314 | 3,963 |
| Number of children included in final study population, n (%) | 3,112 (76.1) | 2,956 (49.3) | 1,456 (47.1) | 560 (42.6) | 2,519 (63.6) |
| Number of children with complete information on all selected covariatesa, n (%) | 2,928 (71.6) | 2,254 (37.6) | 733 (23.7) | 427 (32.5) | 2,423 (61.1) |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy, n (%) | |||||
 Yes | 379 (12.2) | 352 (12.0) | 183 (13.0) | 106 (20.1) | 362 (14.5) |
| No | 2,732 (87.8) | 2,589 (88.0) | 1,229 (87.0) | 421 (79.9) | 2,140 (85.5) |
| Missing (n) | 1 | 15 | 44 | 33 | 17 |
| SHS during infancy, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 631 (20.4) | 289 (17.2) | 215 (15.6) | 224 (42.9) | 536 (21.4) |
| No | 2,463 (79.6) | 1,396 (82.8) | 1,161 (84.4) | 298 (57.1) | 1974 (78.6) |
| Missing (n) | 18 | 1,271 | 80 | 38 | 9 |
| Male sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 1,530 (49.2) | 1,468 (49.7) | 744 (51.1) | 292 (52.1) | 1,267 (50.3) |
| Female | 1,582 (50.8) | 1,488 (50.3) | 712 (48.9) | 268 (47.9) | 1,252 (49.7) |
| Missing (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean birth weight (g), mean ± SD | |||||
| Missing (n) | 29 | 96 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
| Mean gestation age (wk), mean ± SD | 39.8 ± 2.0 | 39.8 ± 1.5 | 39.9 ± 1.2 | 40.0 ± 1.5 | 39.9 ± 1.6 |
| Missing (n) | 0 | 366 | 24 | 13 | 5 |
| Parental education, n (%) | |||||
| Low | 514 (16.5) | 231 (8.2) | 49 (3.4) | 38 (7.5) | 263 (10.5) |
| Medium | 884 (28.4) | 793 (28.1) | 352 (24.4) | 174 (34.7) | 866 (34.5) |
| High | 1,710 (55.1) | 1,802 (63.7) | 1,044 (72.2) | 290 (57.8) | 1,384 (55.0) |
| Missing (n) | 4 | 130 | 11 | 58 | 6 |
| Parental allergyb, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 944 (30.6) | 1,303 (46.2) | 713 (52.3) | 270 (50.3) | 1,064 (42.7) |
| No | 2,138 (69.4) | 1,520 (53.8) | 651 (47.7) | 267 (49.7) | 1,427 (57.3) |
| Missing (n) | 30 | 133 | 92 | 23 | 28 |
| Older siblings, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 1,472 (47.3) | 1469 (50.3) | 652 (44.8) | 219 (39.1) | 1234 (49.0) |
| No | 1640 (52.7) | 1450 (49.7) | 803 (55.2) | 341 (60.9) | 1285 (51.0) |
| Missing (n) | 0 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Breastfeeding, n (%) | |||||
| ≥ 4 mo | 2442 (80.3) | 2031 (70.9) | 1138 (82.7) | 338 (60.4) | 990 (39.6) |
| < 4 mo | 600 (19.7) | 835 (29.1) | 238 (17.3) | 222 (39.6) | 1508 (60.4) |
| Missing (n) | 70 | 90 | 80 | 0 | 21 |
| Early mold or dampness in dwelling (0–2 y), n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 785 (25.3) | 447 (26.1) | 559 (39.0) | 74 (14.2) | 1049 (45.8) |
| No | 2319 (74.7) | 1264 (73.9) | 875 (61.0) | 444 (85.8) | 1242 (54.2) |
| Missing (n) | 8 | 17 | 22 | 42 | 228 |
| Early day care (0–2 y), n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 2548 (84.3) | 126 (4.7) | 384 (44.6) | 145 (29.0) | 1,472 (59.2) |
| No | 476 (15.7) | 2,586 (95.3) | 478 (55.4) | 355 (71.0) | 1,013 (40.8) |
| Missing (n) | 88 | 244 | 594 | 60 | 34 |
Note: Based on children with information about smoke exposure during pregnancy or infancy and at least one health outcome at 14–16 y of age. BAMSE, Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology; GINIplus, German Infant Nutritional Intervention; LISAplus, Influences of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood; MAS, Multicentre Allergy Study; PIAMA, Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy; SD, standard deviation; SHS, secondhand smoke.
aParticipants in the final study population with complete information on the following covariates: maternal smoking during pregnancy, SHS exposure during infancy, sex, birth weight, gestational age, parental education, parental allergy, older siblings, breastfeeding, early mold or dampness in dwelling, and early day-care attendance.
bMother and/or father with asthma and/or hay fever.