Subgraphs of highly variable genes in the pangenome network of five pathogenic E. coli strains (manually arranged). (a) A cluster of flagellar genes. (b) A cluster containing outer membrane protein-coding genes. (c) A cluster of genes responsible for biosynthesis of the O antigen. (d) Another cluster of O antigen-related genes. Green, blue, and red nodes and edges denote reference-specific, shared, and query-specific genes and gene adjacencies, respectively. Size of nodes and thickness of edges indicate their weight (occurrence frequency). Numbers alongside shared genes are their indexes in the representative gene set.