| PMC full text: | Published online 2020 Mar 30. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4914
|
Table.
Characteristics of a Dementia-Free Cohort, Overall and Stratified by Age
Groups and Dementia at Follow-up
| Characteristic | Participant Groupa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All
(N =2927) | Age <78 y
(n=2034) | Age ≥78 y
(n=893) | No Dementia
(n=2563) | With Dementia
(n=364) | |
| Baseline | |||||
| Female | 1845 (63.0) | 1201 (59.0) | 644 (72.1)b | 1582 (61.7) | 263 (72.3)b |
| Male | 1082 (37.0) | 833 (41.0) | 249 (27.9) | 981 (39.3) | 101 (27.7) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 74.1 (10.7) | 68.3 (6.7) | 87.1 (4.9)b | 72.8 (10.4) | 83.1 (7.4)b |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Elementary school | 471 (16.2) | 217 (10.7) | 254 (28.7)b | 391 (15.3) | 80 (22.3)b |
| High school | 1464 (50.2) | 986 (48.5) | 478 (54.1) | 1250 (48.9) | 214 (59.6) |
| University | 980 (33.6) | 828 (40.8) | 152 (17.2) | 915 (35.8) | 65 (18.1) |
| Ever smoker | 1359 (46.9) | 840 (41.6) | 519 (59.2)b | 378 (14.9) | 45 (12.7) |
| High physical activity level | 619 (24.3) | 553 (29.1) | 66 (10.2)b | 591 (25.8) | 28 (11.0)b |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.5 (4.1) | 26.1 (4.0) | 24.2 (4.0)b | 25.7 (4.1) | 24.3 (4.4)b |
| APOE ε4 carrier | 774 (28.7) | 597 (30.9) | 177 (23.2)b | 658 (27.8) | 116 (37.5)b |
| Hypertension | 2042 (69.8) | 1369 (67.3) | 673 (75.4)b | 1787 (69.7) | 255 (70.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 274 (9.4) | 127 (6.2) | 147 (16.5)b | 226 (8.8) | 48 (13.2)b |
| Heart failure | 287 (9.8) | 95 (4.7) | 192 (21.5)b | 223 (8.7) | 64 (17.6)b |
| Ischemic heart disease | 439 (15.0) | 221 (10.9) | 218 (24.4)b | 352 (13.7) | 87 (23.9)b |
| Stroke | 208 (7.1) | 102 (5.0) | 106 (11.9)b | 156 (6.1) | 52 (14.3)b |
| Type 2 diabetes | 259 (8.8) | 178 (8.8) | 81 (9.1) | 218 (8.5) | 41 (11.3) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1429 (48.8) | 1057 (52.0) | 372 (41.7)b | 1264 (49.3) | 165 (45.3) |
| Depression and mood disorders | 255 (8.7) | 171 (8.4) | 84 (9.4) | 213 (8.3) | 42 (11.5)b |
| MMSE score, mean (SD) | 28.5 (2.3) | 29.0 (1.6) | 27.1 (3.0)b | 28.7 (2.1) | 26.7 (3.0)b |
| During follow-up | |||||
| Survival status (death) | 1306 (44.6) | 561 (27.6) | 745 (83.4)b | 956 (37.3) | 350 (96.2)b |
| Incident dementia | 364 (12.4) | 125 (6.1) | 239 (26.8)b | NA | NA |
| Alzheimer disease | 218 (7.9) | 79 (4.0) | 139 (17.9)b | NA | 193 (53.0) |
| Vascular dementia | 70 (2.7) | 27 (1.4) | 43 (6.2)b | NA | 63 (17.3) |
| NOx within 5 y, mean (SD), μg/m3 | 25.9 (8.8) | 25.2 (8.7) | 27.4 (8.8)b | 25.8 (9.0) | 26.9 (7.3)b |
| NOx at 6-11 y, mean (SD) μg/m3 | 33.3 (12.1) | 32.5 (12.1) | 35.1 (12.1)b | 33.2 (12.4) | 34.5 (9.9) |
| PM2.5 within 5 y, mean (SD), μg/m3 | 8.4 (0.7) | 8.3 (0.7) | 8.4 (0.8)b | 8.3 (0.7) | 8.5 (0.6)b |
| PM2.5 at 6-11 y, mean (SD), μg/m3 | 8.6 (0.7) | 8.5 (0.7) | 8.7 (0.7)b | 8.6 (0.7) | 8.6 (0.6) |
Abbreviations: APOE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters); MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NA, not applicable; NOx, nitrogen oxide; PM2.5, particulate matter no greater than 2.5 μm.
aUnless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage) of
participants. Data were missing for 12 participants (0.4%) for
educational attainment, 31 (1.1%) for smoking status, 378 (12.9%) for
physical activity, 231 (7.9%) for APOE ε4, 9
(0.4%) for MMSE score, 171 (5.8%) for Alzheimer disease, and 301 (10.3%)
for vascular dementia.
bP<.05.
<.05.