Figure 3

Insulin increases the expression of lipogenic genes while inhibiting the expression of gluconeogenic genes in hepatocytes. Akt phosphorylates the transcription factor FOXO1, leading to the exclusion of the protein from the nucleus, and thus reducing transcription of gluconeogenic genes such as PEPCK, G6P, and others. Akt can also phosphorylate mTORC1, which in turn phosphorylates S6K. S6K activation leads to the activation of the SREBP pathway. mTORC1 also phosphorylates lipin, which inhibits SREBP action. Phosphorylation of this protein maintains a cytoplasmic localization, thus preventing its inhibitory activity.