| PMC full text: | Published online 2022 Jul. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10880821
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Table 1.
Key policy/legislative acts for kidney care before the Advancing American Kidney Health initiative
| Year | Event | Result(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1967 | Gottschalk Committee Report (4) | Established the background for federal legislation to cover dialysis, estimated 10,000 patients annually |
| 1972 | Public Law 92–603 (5) | Authorization of Medicare payments for dialysis and transplantation with the establishment of the ESRD program |
| 1978 | Public Law 95–292 (6) | Established prospective composite rate of payment for dialysis |
| 1984 | Public Law 98–507 (7) | Established the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network through the National Organ Transplantation Act |
| 1986 | Public Law 99–509 (8) | Medicare coverage of immunosuppressive medications for 12 months, eventually extended to 36 months |
| 1998 | CMS - ESRD Managed Care Demonstration Project (9) | Enhanced coverage capitated payments (for total cost of care) with quality metrics for patients on dialysis in parts of Southern California, Tennessee, and Florida with quality metrics |
| 2003 | Public Law 108–173 (10) | Medicare Modernization Act; 1.5% increase in composite dialysis rate; add-on charges for dialysis-related drugs/biologics; required study of expanding the dialysis bundle |
| 2007 | CMS conditions of participation (19) | Quality measures for participation of transplant centers in Medicare |
| 2008 | Public Law 110–275 (11) | Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act; bundled dialysis payments (year 2011) linked to Quality Incentive Program (year 2012) with final rule adding payment for home training |
| 2012 | Public Law 112–240 (12) | American Taxpayer Relief Act: reduced the payment for bundled dialysis-related drugs; delayed inclusion of oral-only drugs in the bundle until 2016 |
| 2015 | CMS Dialysis Facilities Compare 5 Star Ratingsa (13) | Quality ratings added to dialysis facilities compare website to inform patient choice with star ratings for quality (1 star, low, to 5 stars, high) |
| 2015 | CMS In-Center Hemodialysis Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey (20) | Patient assessment of dialysis clinics, dialysis staff, and providers; introduced as a quality measure |
| 2015 | CMS Comprehensive ESRD Care Model (15) | Formation of ESRD seamless care organizations to cover total cost of care for patients receiving dialysis |
| 2018 | CMS Conditions of Participation, revised (16) | Threshold for value for categorizing underperforming transplant centers raised |
| 2019 | SRTR 5 Star Rating (17) | HRSA/SRTR website with 5-star rating of transplant centers |
CMS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; SRTR, Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients; HRSA, Health Resources and Services Administration.
aDialysis Facilities Compare originally launched in 2001 but did not provide ratings to guide patient choice until 2015.