Lihat sumber Nepenthes alata

{{Taxobox
| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
|image = Nepenthes_alata_ASR_062007_mt_ambucao_luzon.jpg
|image_caption = Kantong atas ''Nepenthes alata'' di [[Gunung Ambucao]], dekat [[Banaue, Ifugao|Banaue]] dan [[Sagada, Provinsi Mountain|Sagada]], [[Luzon]] utara.
|status = LR/lc
|status_system = iucn2.3
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil|Inti eudikotil]]}}
|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
|familia = [[Nepenthaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Nepenthes]]''
|species = '''''N.&nbsp;alata'''''
|binomial = ''Nepenthes alata''
|binomial_authority = [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]] (1837)<ref name=Blanco1837>{{es icon}} Blanco, F.M. 1837. [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y7fzUr7DXSIC&pg=PA805 ''Nepenthes''.] In: ''[[Flora de Filipinas|Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo.]]'' Sto. Thomas por D. Candido Lopez, Manila. pp.&nbsp;805–809.</ref>
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
 |title=<small>[[Sinonim (taksonomi)|Sinonim]]</small>
 |''[[Nepenthes blancoi]]''<br><small>[[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] (1852)<ref>{{la icon}} Blume, C.L. 1852. [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/444841 Ord. Nepenthaceae.] In: ''[http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.274 Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1.]'' E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp.&nbsp;5–10.</ref><br>[after [[neotype|neotypification]]]<ref name=abalata>Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of ''Nepenthes blancoi'', with ''N. abalata'' sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. ''Nordic Journal of Botany'' '''31'''(2): 151–156. {{DOI|10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x}}</ref></small>
 |''Nepenthes cristata''<br><small>[[Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart|Brongn.]] (1824)<ref>{{fr icon}} Brongniart, A. 1824. [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5752237 Observations sur les genres ''Cytinus'' et ''Nepenthes'']. ''Annales des Sciences Naturelles'' '''1''': 29–52.</ref><br>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''N.&nbsp;alata/[[Nepenthes madagascariensis|N.&nbsp;madagascariensis]]'']</small>
 |''[[Nepenthes melamphora (disambiguation)|Nepenthes melamphora]]''<br><small>''auct. non'' [[Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt|Reinw.]] ''ex'' [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]: [[Celestino Fernández-Villar|Fern.-Vill.]] (1880)</small>
 }}
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
 |title=<small>[[Heterokresonim]]</small>
 |''Nepenthes alata''<br><small>''auct. non'' [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]: [[B. H. Danser|Danser]] (1928)<ref name=Danser>Danser, B.H. 1928. [http://www.omnisterra.com/botany/cp/pictures/nepenthe/dansermg/dans11.htm 1. ''Nepenthes alata'' <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Blanco</span>]. [pp.&nbsp;258–262] In: [[The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies]]. ''Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg'', Série III, '''9'''(3–4): 249–438.</ref><br>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''[[Nepenthes abalata|N.&nbsp;abalata]]/N.&nbsp;alata/[[Nepenthes benstonei|N.&nbsp;benstonei]]/<br>[[Nepenthes copelandii|N.&nbsp;copelandii]]/[[Nepenthes eustachya|N.&nbsp;eustachya]]/[[Nepenthes graciliflora|N.&nbsp;graciliflora]]/<br>[[Nepenthes mindanaoensis|N.&nbsp;mindanaoensis]]/[[Nepenthes mirabilis|N.&nbsp;mirabilis]]/<br>[[Nepenthes negros|N.&nbsp;negros]]/[[Nepenthes philippinensis|N.&nbsp;philippinensis]]'']<ref name=negros>Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of ''Nepenthes alata'' with notes on the ''N.&nbsp;alata'' group, and ''N.&nbsp;negros'' sp. nov. from the Philippines. ''Nordic Journal of Botany'' '''31'''(5): 616–622. {{DOI|10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x}}</ref><ref name=ClarkeLee2012>Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. [http://www.sbg.org.sg/Bulletin/166_1295.pdf A revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia.] ''Gardens' Bulletin Singapore'' '''64'''(1): 33–49.</ref><ref name=Schlauer>Schlauer, J. {{Tooltip| N.d. | No date}} [http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/cp_home.cgi?name=Nepenthes+alata ''Nepenthes alata'']. Carnivorous Plant Database.</ref></small>
 |''Nepenthes alata''<br><small>''auct. non'' [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]: [[Bertram Evelyn Smythies|Smythies]] (1965)<ref name=Smythies1965>Smythies, B.E. 1965. The distribution and ecology of pitcher-plants (''Nepenthes'') in Sarawak. UNESCO Humid Tropics Symposium, June–July 1963, Kuching, Sarawak.</ref><br>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''[[Nepenthes stenophylla|N.&nbsp;stenophylla]]'']</small>
 |''Nepenthes alata''<br><small>''auct. non'' [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]: [[Shigeo Kurata|Sh.Kurata]] (1973);<ref name=Kurata>Kurata, S. 1973. ''Nepenthes'' from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. ''The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore'' '''26'''(2): 227–232.</ref><br>[[Rusjdi Tamin|Tamin]] & [[Mitsuru Hotta|M.Hotta]] ''in'' [[Mitsuru Hotta|M.Hotta]] (1986);<ref name=T&H>{{id icon}} Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. [[Nepenthes di Sumatra: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island|''Nepenthes'' di Sumatra: The genus ''Nepenthes'' of the Sumatra Island]]. In: M. Hotta (ed.) ''Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers.'' Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp.&nbsp;75–109.</ref><br>[[Mike Hopkins (botanist)|M.Hopkins]], [[Ricky Maulder|Maulder]] & [[Bruce Salmon|B.R.Salmon]] (1990)<ref name=trip>Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. [http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/articles/CPNv19n1_2p19_28.pdf A real nice trip to Southeast Asia.] ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''19'''(1–2): 19–28.</ref><br>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''N.&nbsp;alata/[[Nepenthes eustachya|N.&nbsp;eustachya]]'']</small>
 |''Nepenthes alata''<br><small>''auct. non'' [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]: [[Roger Shivas|Shivas]] (1984)<ref>Shivas, R.G. 1984. ''[[Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore]]''. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.</ref><br>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''[[Nepenthes gracillima|N.&nbsp;gracillima]]'']</small>
 |''Nepenthes alata''<br><small>''auct. non'' [[Francisco Manuel Blanco|Blanco]]: [[Matthew Jebb|Jebb]] & [[Martin Cheek|Cheek]] (1997);<ref name=J&C>Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. [[A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)|A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae)]]. ''Blumea'' '''42'''(1): 1–106.</ref><br>[[Martin Cheek|Cheek]] & [[Matthew Jebb|Jebb]] (2001)<ref name=C&J>Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. [[Nepenthaceae (2001 monograph)|Nepenthaceae]]. ''Flora Malesiana'' '''15''': 1–157.</ref><br>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''[[Nepenthes abalata|N.&nbsp;abalata]]/N.&nbsp;alata'']</small>
 }}
|}}

'''''Nepenthes alata''''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ɨ|ˈ|p|ɛ|n|θ|iː|z|_|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|t|ə}}; [[Latin]]: ''alatus'' "bersayap") adalah tumbuhan [[kantong semar]] yang [[endemik]] di [[Filipina]].<ref name=negros /><ref name=McPherson />

''Nepenthes alata'' telah lama diperlakukan sebagai spesies yang sangat [[polimorfik]] mencakup semua pulau-pulau besar [[Geografi Filipina|kepulauan Filipina]] (dengan kemungkinan pengecualian [[Palawan]]).<ref name=M&A2011>McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. ''[[Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines]]''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.</ref> Di bawah batasan yang luas ini, ''N. alata'' dipahami memiliki berbagai ketinggian dari 0-1.900 m (0-6.234 kaki) [[permukaan laut|di atas permukaan laut]]<ref name=McPherson /> dan tercatat dari, antara lain, pulau [[Bohol]], [[Camiguin]], [[Cebu]], [[Culion, Palawan|Culion]], [[Leyte]], [[Luzon]], [[Mindanao]], [[Mindoro]], [[Negros]], [[Panay]], [[Samar]],<ref>Suarez, W. 2011. [http://pitcherplants.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=nepwild&action=display&thread=9702 Samar's ''Nepenthes alata'']{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, January 12, 2011.</ref><ref name=Samar>Robinson, A. 2012. [http://pitcherplants.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=nepwild&action=display&thread=11301 ''Nepenthes merrilliana'' on Samar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722155445/http://pitcherplants.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=nepwild&action=display&thread=11301 |date=2012-07-22 }}. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.</ref> dan [[Pulau Sibuyan|Sibuyan]]. ''Nepenthes alata'' dalam arti luas ini (''[[sensu lato]]'') merupakan salah satu ''[[Nepenthes]]'' termudah dan paling populer untuk di[[budidaya]].<ref>Catalano, M. 2009. ''Nepenthes''. In: ''Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective''. Prague. pp.&nbsp;50–57.</ref>

Pada tahun 2013, ''N. alata'' kembali dibatasi oleh [[Martin Cheek]] dan [[Matthew Jebb]] yang mencakup hanya populasi dari utara dan tengah [[Luzon]] dengan kantong berbulu mencolok ([[takson]] dikenal di kalangan hortikultura sebagai "''N. alata'' berbulu").<ref name=negros /> ''N.&nbsp;alata'' ''[[sensu stricto]]'' Cheek dan Jebb memiliki penyebaran ketinggian di atas 550 m (1.800 kaki).<ref name=negros /> Berdasarkan penafsiran ini, tumbuhan di selatan yang sebelumnya disebut spesies ini ternyata benar-benar mewakili ''[[Nepenthes graciliflora|N. graciliflora]]'' baru dikeluarkan (hortikultura "''N. alata'' khas"; ditemukan di [[Bohol]], [[Leyte]], [[Luzon]], [[Mindanao]], [[Mindoro]], [[Panay]], [[Samar]], dan [[Pulau Sibuyan|Sibuyan]]) serta ''[[Nepenthes negros|N. negros]]'' baru dideskripsikan ([[Biliran]] dan [[Negros]]) dan ''[[Nepenthes ramos|N. ramos]]'' ([[Mindanao]]).<ref name=negros /><ref name=ramos>Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. ''Nepenthes ramos'' (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. ''Willdenowia'' '''43'''(1): 107–111. {{DOI|10.3372/wi.43.43112}}</ref> ''[[Nepenthes viridis]]'' dari [[Dinagat]] dan [[Samar]] merupakan kerabat dekat lain,<ref name=viridis>{{de icon}} Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013. ''Nepenthes viridis'', eine neue ''Nepenthes''-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen. ''[[Das Taublatt]]'' '''76''': 4–21.</ref> seperti ''[[Nepenthes ceciliae|N.&nbsp;ceciliae]]'' (Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes copelandii|N.&nbsp;copelandii]]'' (Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes extincta|N.&nbsp;extincta]]'' (Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes hamiguitanensis|N.&nbsp;hamiguitanensis]]'' (Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes kitanglad|N.&nbsp;kitanglad]]'' (Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes kurata|N.&nbsp;kurata]]'' (Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes leyte|N.&nbsp;leyte]]'' (Leyte), ''[[Nepenthes mindanaoensis|N.&nbsp;mindanaoensis]]'' (Dinagat dan Mindanao), ''[[Nepenthes saranganiensis|N.&nbsp;saranganiensis]]'' (Mindanao), dan ''[[Nepenthes ultra|N.&nbsp;ultra]]'' (Luzon).<ref name=negros /><ref name=McPherson /><ref name=ramos /><ref name=recircumscription>Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the ''Nepenthes alata'' group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. ''European Journal of Taxonomy'' '''69''': 1–23. {{DOI|10.5852/ejt.2013.69}}</ref><ref name=ultra>Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. ''Nepenthes ultra'' (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. ''Blumea'', published online on October 24, 2013. {{DOI|10.3767/000651913X675124}}</ref><ref>Mey, F.S. 2013. [http://carnivorousockhom.blogspot.co.uk/2013/08/the-nepenthes-alata-group-resurrection.html The ''Nepenthes alata'' group: resurrection of ''N.&nbsp;graciliflora'' ; ''N.&nbsp;ramos'' and ''N.&nbsp;negros'' described as new species.] ''Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle'', August 27, 2013.</ref> Bersama dengan spesies ini, membentuk apa yang disebut "kelompok ''N. alata''", yang disatukan oleh sejumlah karakter morfologi, seperti [[Tangkai (biologi)|tangkai]] bersayap, [[Operkulum (biologi)|tutup]] dengan rabung pangkal pada permukaan bawah (sering dijabarkan sebagai alat pelengkap), dan kantong atas yang biasanya meluas di dekat dasar.<ref name=recircumscription />

== Deskripsi ==
[[Rumus floral]] untuk bunga jantan adalah ✶ K4 A4+4+1* G0 (mungkin tidak terdapat benang sari apikal /*/) dan ✶ K4 A0 <u>G</u>(4) untuk bunga betina.<ref name="craene">{{Cite book
|publisher = Cambridge University Press
|isbn = 978-0-521-49346-8
|last = Ronse De Craene
|first = Louis P.
|title = Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution
|location = Cambridge
|date = 2010-02-04
|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=24p-LgWPA50C
|page = 165
}}</ref>

== Taksonomi ==
''Nepenthes alata'' berkaitan erat dengan beberapa spesies lain, termasuk ''[[Nepenthes copelandii|N. copelandii]]'', ''[[Nepenthes mindanaoensis|N. mindanaoensis]]'', dan ''[[Nepemthes saranganiensis|N. saranganiensis]]''. ''[[Nepenthes eustachya]]'' dari [[Sumatra]] pernah dianggap termasuk ke dalam variabilitas ''N. alata'', tetapi didasarkan pada [[jenis spesimen]] salah tafsir, dua spesies ini tampaknya tidak terkait erat satu sama lain.

{| class="wikitable" text-align: left;"
|+ Perbedaan morfologi antara ''N.&nbsp;alata'' dan ''N.&nbsp;eustachya'' (Jebb & Cheek, 1997)
! Ciri morfologi !! ''N.&nbsp;alata'' !! ''N.&nbsp;eustachya''
|-
| Helaian daun || melanset hingga membundar telur || melanset
|-
| Ujung daun || meruncing atau menirus || membulat hingga sub-memerisai
|-
| Tangkai || bersayap luas || hampir tidak atau tidak bersayap
|-
| Taji || sederhana, berbintik akut || sederhana atau menggarpu rangkap
|-
| [[Indumentum]] || berambut kemerahan atau keputihan || tidak ada di seluruh bagian
|-
| Struktur dasar kantong || tekstur mirip pada seluruh kantong, tiba-tiba menirus menuju sulur || menyudut, mengayu, bertahap menirus menuju sulur
|}

== Taksa bawah jenis ==
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' f. ''variegata'' Hort. ''ex'' P.Mann (1996) ''[[nomen nudum|nom.nud.]]''
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' var. ''biflora'' [[John Muirhead Macfarlane|Macfarl.]] (1908)<ref name=Macfarlane>Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. [[Nepenthaceae (1908 monograph)|Nepenthaceae]]. In: A. Engler. ''Das Pflanzenreich IV'', III, Heft 36: 1–91.</ref> [=''[[Nepenthes negros|N.&nbsp;negros]]'']<ref name=negros />
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' var. ''ecristata'' [[John Muirhead Macfarlane|Macfarl.]] (1908)<ref name=Macfarlane /> [=''[[Nepenthes kurata|N.&nbsp;kurata]]'']<ref name="recircumscription"/>

== Hibrida alami ==
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes burkei|N.&nbsp;burkei]]''<ref name=McPherson>McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''[[Pitcher Plants of the Old World]]''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.</ref>
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes merrilliana|N.&nbsp;merrilliana]]'' [=''[[Nepenthes × merrilliata|N. × merrilliata]]'']<ref name=Samar /><ref name=Mann>Mann, P. 1998. [http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/samples/v27n1p6_11.html A trip to the Philippines]. ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''27'''(1): 6–11.</ref>
* ? (''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes merrilliana|N.&nbsp;merrilliana]]'') × ''[[Nepenthes mirabilis|N.&nbsp;mirabilis]]'' [=''[[Nepenthes × tsangoya|N. × tsangoya]]'']
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes mindanaoensis|N.&nbsp;mindanaoensis]]''<ref name=McPherson />
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes mirabilis|N.&nbsp;mirabilis]]'' [=''[[Nepenthes × mirabilata|N. × mirabilata]]'']<ref name=C&J /><ref name=globamphora>Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of ''Nepenthes''. ''The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore'' '''26'''(1): 155–158. [http://www.sbg.org.sg/research/publicationbulletin.asp?sRange=1970-1979&sYear=1972 Abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722151730/http://www.sbg.org.sg/research/publicationbulletin.asp?sRange=1970-1979&sYear=1972 |date=2011-07-22 }}</ref>
* ? ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes petiolata|N.&nbsp;petiolata]]''<ref name=C&J /><ref name=globamphora />
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes pulchra|N.&nbsp;pulchra]]''<ref name="M&A2011"/>
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes truncata|N.&nbsp;truncata]]'' [=''[[Nepenthes × truncalata|N. × truncalata]]'']<ref name=Mann />
* ''N.&nbsp;alata'' × ''[[Nepenthes ventricosa|N.&nbsp;ventricosa]]'' [=''[[Nepenthes × ventrata|N. × ventrata]]'']<ref name=Fleming>Fleming, R. 1979. [http://carnivorousplants.org/cpn/articles/CPNv08n1p10_12.pdf Hybrid ''Nepenthes''.] ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''8'''(1): 10–12.</ref>

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Alejandro, G.J.D., J.P.C. Baysa, B.O.C. Lemana, G.M. Madulara, R.S. Madulid & D.A. Madulid 2007. Conspecificity of ''Nepenthes alata'' Blco. population found in Mt. Guisguis, Zambales inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) sequence data. ''Acta Manilana'' '''55''': 15–21. {{DOI|10.3860/acta.v55i0.1482}}
* Alejandro, G.J.D., R.S. Madulid & D.A. Madulid 2008. The utility of Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction in endemic Philippine ''Nepenthes'' L. (Nepenthaceae). ''The Philippine Scientist'' '''45''': 99–110. {{DOI|10.3860/psci.v45i0.994}}
* Amoroso, V.B. & R.A. Aspiras 2011. Hamiguitan Range: a sanctuary for native flora. ''Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences'' '''18'''(1): 7–15. {{DOI|10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.07.003}}
* Amoroso, V.B., L.D. Obsioma, J.B. Arlalejo, R.A. Aspiras, D.P. Capili, J.J.A. Polizon & E.B. Sumile 2009. Inventory and conservation of endangered, endemic and economically important flora of Hamiguitan Range, southern Philippines. ''Blumea'' '''54'''(1–3): 71–76. {{DOI|10.3767/000651909X474113}}
* An, C.-I., E.-I. Fukusaki & A. Kobayashi 2001. Plasma-membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant ''Nepenthes alata'' Blanco. ''Planta'' '''212'''(4): 547–555. {{DOI|10.1007/s004250000455}}
* An, C.-I., E.-I. Fukusaki & A. Kobayashi 2002. Aspartic proteinases are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant ''Nepenthes alata'' Blanco. ''Planta'' '''214'''(5): 661–667. {{DOI|10.1007/s004250100665}}
* An, C.-I., S. Takekawa, A. Okazawa, E.-I. Fukusaki & A. Kobayashi 2002. Degradation of a peptide in pitcher fluid of the carnivorous plant ''Nepenthes alata'' Blanco. ''Planta'' '''215'''(3): 472–477. {{DOI|10.1007/s00425-002-0768-7}}
* Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plants. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology'' '''25'''(1): 90–102. {{DOI|10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x}}
* Bauer, U. & W. Federle 2009. The insect-trapping rim of ''Nepenthes'' pitchers: surface structure and function. ''Plant Signaling & Behavior'' '''4'''(11): 1019–1023. {{DOI|10.4161/psb.4.11.9664}}
* Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' taxa. ''Arthropod-Plant Interactions'' '''6'''(1): 147–158. {{DOI|10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2}}
* Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''42'''(4): 122–128.
* {{es icon}} Blanco, F.M. 1845. [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32926562 ''Nepenthes''.] In: ''[[Flora de Filipinas|Flora de Filipinas, segun el sistema sexual de Linneo. Segunda impresion, corregida y aumentada por el mismo autor.]]'' D. Miguel Sanchez, Manila. pp.&nbsp;555–557.<!--also in third edition, vol. 3, p. 214 & Novisima Appendix, p. 173-->
* Buch, F., M. Rott, S. Rottloff, C. Paetz, I. Hilke, M. Raessler & A. Mithöfer 2012. Secreted pitfall-trap fluid of carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' plants is unsuitable for microbial growth. ''Annals of Botany'' '''111'''(3): 375–383. {{DOI|10.1093/aob/mcs287}}
* Cantley, R. 2000. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j01sXiwpqAA ''Nepenthes'' of the Philippines]. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
* Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. ''Kew Bulletin'' '''54'''(4): 887–895. {{DOI|10.2307/4111166}}
* Cheers, G. 1992. ''Nepenthes alata''. In: ''Letts Guide to Carnivorous Plants of the World''. Letts of London House, London. p.&nbsp;92.
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba|year=2000|id=39637|title=Nepenthes alata|downloaded=12 May 2006}}
* Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. ''[[The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies]]''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp.&nbsp;1–15.
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* {{de icon}} Eilingsfeld, A. 2008. Endoskop-Aufnahmen aus der Verdauungsflüssigkeit einer ''Nepenthes alata''. ''[[Das Taublatt]]'' '''60''': 4–7.
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* {{cn icon}} Wu, X., J. Li, Q. Zhong & X. Wu 2005. [http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_jjlyj200504013.aspx 猪笼草组培快繁技术]. [Tissue culture and fast propagation in ''Nepenthes alata''.] ''Nonwood Forest Research'' '''23'''(4): 48–50.
{{refend}}
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== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Nepenthes alata}}
* [http://cpphotofinder.com/nepenthes-alata-663.html Photographs of ''N.&nbsp;alata''] at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder

{{Nepenthes}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q139643}}

[[Kategori:Tumbuhan karnivor Asia]]
[[Kategori:Nepenthaceae|alata]]
[[Kategori:Flora Filipina]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan yang dideskripsikan tahun 1837]]