Fontem paginae Oedipus rex inspicere

{{titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg|thumb|Oedipus sphingis aenigma explicans pictus ([[Ioannes Augustus Dominicus Ingres]] pinxit, 1827).]]
'''''Oedipus rex'''''<ref>Rarius ''Oedipus tyrannus''. A posteris ita appellatur ut ab ''[[Oedipus Coloneus (Sophocles)|Oedipode Coloneo]]'' distinguatur. Nam secundum argumentum ita posthomerici poetae dicebant ''τοὺς πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν βασιλεῖς τυραννοὺς προσαγορεύοντες''. Titulus Sophocleus "Oedipus" erat.</ref> (Graece ''Οἰδίπους Τύραννος'') est una e septem [[Tragoedia|tragoediis]] integre servatis [[Sophocles|Sophoclis]] [[poeta]]e Graeci, qui post [[430 a.C.n.]]<ref>Bernard M. W. Knox, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/292475 The Date of the Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles]," ''The American Journal of Philology'', 1956ː 133-147.</ref> eam [[Athenae|Athenis]] docuisse putatur. Cum ''[[Antigone (Sophocles)|Antigona]]'' fortasse ex omnibus Sophocleis hodie celeberrima est. Quomodo [[Oedipus]] fatum suum cognoverit, hoc est [[pater|patrem]] occidisse et [[mater|matrem]] [[uxor]]em duxisse, patefacit. Nihilominus {{Creanda|en|Trilogy|trilogia}} cui ''Oedipus rex'' tertia pars erat, non nisi secundas rettulit; [[Aeschylus|Aeschyli]] nepos [[Philocles]] certamen vicit.

== Personae ==
[[Fasciculus:Actor Mounet-Sully in an unknown role.png|thumb|Actor Mounet-Sully Oedipodis personam agens (1896).]]
* [[Oedipus]], [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebanorum]] rex
* [[Iocasta|Iocasta]], Oedipodis mater et uxor
* [[Tiresias]], vates
* [[Creon Thebanus|Creon]], Iocastae frater
* [[Zeus|Iovis]] sacerdos
* [[Chorus]] Thebanorum senum
* [[Laius|Lai]] servus, pastor senex
* Nuntii
* [[Antigone]] et [[Ismene (Antigonae soror)|Ismene]], Oedipodis et Iocastae filiae, personae mutae.
Actio Thebis pro Labdacidarum palatio agitur.

== Summarium ==
* '''Prologusː''' Pestilentia regionem vastante Iovis sacerdos pueris supplicibus cinctus regem Oedipodem adit et hortatur civitati suae saluti fieret, ut olim a [[Sphinx|Sphinge]] eam liberaverat. Tum Cleon Delphis rediens dei responsum adfert prioris regis Lai interfectorem investigandum esse atque e finibus tollendum, qua labe pollui civitatem. Oedipus omnia, quae posset, facturum pollicetur.
* '''[[Parodos]]ː''' [[chorus Graecus|chorus]] varios deos (Iovem, Athenam, Apollinem, Artemidem) ad pestilentiam expellendam invocat.
* '''Primum episodiumː''' Oedipus chorum, qui pro Thebanorum populo stat, adloquitur,. Quos incitat ad ignotum interfectorem indicandum aut quaerendum, quem velut aqua et igni interdicit. Diras imprecationes in sontes addit atque etiam sibi ipsi, si sciens umquam homicidam domi teget. Tum vates Tiresias accersitus advenit sed perniciosam veritatem patefacere primo recusat. Irascens Oedipus eum accusat, quod caedis regiae particeps fuerit. Tum et ipse Tiresias excandescit atque nefandum civitatis pollutorem neminem alium esse, quam ipsum regem Oedipodem declarat. Quod verum esse posse negat rex, qui vatem maledictis increpat atque coniurationis adversus se cum Creonte incusat.  Diras minas effatus, quae spectatoribus futura praenuntiant<ref>Versus 447-462. Cf Steven Lattimore, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010685 Oedipus and Teiresias]", ''California Studies in Classical Antiquity'', 1975ː 105-111 </ref>, Tiresias scaenam relinquit.
* '''Primum stasimonː''' chorus de vaticinandi scientia dubitat atque interim fidem regi servare mavult qui patriae amorem et sapientiam iamdiu probavit.
* '''Secundum episodiumː''' Cleon indignans, quod ita accusatus esset Oedipodem adit, qui perseverat et moriendum ei quamvis innocentiam testanti esse iubet. Tum intervenit Iocasta, cuius et chori precibus Cleonis vitam condonat rex. Regina marito ut ostenderet, quam parum fide digna essent oracula, meminit Apollinem olim Laium manu communis filii periturum cecinisse. Quod valde a vero aberravit, quoniam infans statim natus in remotis desertisque montibus expositus esset et Laios multo post in [[Trivium|trivio]] ab ignotis latronibus occisus esset. At subinde Oedipus dubitat, an non ipse sit interfector ille, cui exsilium et diras imprecationes indixissetː nam eodem loco, orta quondam rixa, plures homines necavit. Ultima spes in servo quodam superstite consistit, quem interrogare cupit, quia caedi adfuit. Adhuc enim nihil aliud timet nisi poenas erga Lai interfectorem edictas, parricidam et incestum nondum suspicatur, quia se Polybi [[Corinthus|Corinthii]] filium esse credere pergit<ref>Versus 823-833.</ref>.
* '''Secundum stasimonː'''<ref>Giacomo Scavello, "[https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/ACME/article/view/5140/5365 Elementi epico-omerici nella dizione sofoclea: analisi del secondo stasimo dell’«Edipo re»]", ACME, 2015ː 157-178. C. Carey, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/629651 The Second Stasimon of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus]", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', 1986ː175-179. Keith Sidwell, "The "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/632155 Argument of the Second Stasimon of Oedipus Tyrannus]", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', 1992ː 106-122 </ref> chorus impiis Iocastae verbis perturbatus et tyrannorum ''hybrin'' metuens<ref>Versus 873ː ''ὕβρις φυτεύει τύραννον''·</ref> ad deorum religionisque praesidium refugit.
* '''Tertium episodiumː''' Corinthiorum legatus tum advenit atque nuntiat Polybo mortuo regnum Oedipodi conferri. Gaudet primo Iocasta quia ita refutari putat oraculum de Oedipode patrem occisuro et matrem sibi matrimonio coniuncturo. At postquam rex Corinthum redire ob matrem adhuc vivam reformidat nuntius negat Polybi genuinum filium fuisse sed infantem a pastore Lai quodam sibi traditum, cuius pedes vinculis terebrati essent (e quo supplicio [[Paretymologia|etymologia popularis]] nomen Graecum herois interpretabatur tamquam 'pes tumidus'). Iam abhinc Iocasta omnia intellexit atque maritum precatur, ne veritatem ultra quaerere vellet. Ille vero genus suum noscere omnino volens Iocastam repellit atque humilitatis originis suae eam pudere persuasum habet. Pastorem igitur, dum Iocasta e scaena fugit exspectat, qui idem et caedi adfuit et infantem Corinthiis tradidit.
* '''Tertium stasimonː'''<ref>Albert Machin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1989_num_102_485_2445 Sur le troisième stasimon d"'Œdipe-roi"]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1989ː 192-201 </ref> chorus incertus animi varias coniecturas de Oedipodis origine divina canit.
* '''Tertium episodiumː''' quamvis primo reluctans pastor Oedipodis minis veritatem prodere cogiturː ipse enim Lai filium Corinthio pastori in monte [[Cithaeron|Cithaerone]] prodidit, qui adultus patrem occidit et Iocastae maritus factus est. Ita Apollinis oracula iam expleta sunt. Lumen solis in futurum videre cupere negat perculsus rex.
* '''Tertium stasimonː'''  quicquam esse aestimandum hominem negat chorus, cum Fortunae vicissitudines in rege Oedipodo videt, olim beatissimo et nunc omnium miserrimo.
[[Fasciculus:Sophocles, Oedipus the King, Vaticanus graecus 920.jpg|thumb|Pagina manuscripti anno [[1340]] exarati et hodie in [[Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana|Bibliotheca Vaticana]] servati]]
* '''Exodosː'''<ref>Felix Budelmann, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40236302 The Mediated Ending of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus]", ''Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici'', 2006ː 43-61 </ref> famulus e palatio exit et nuntiat Iocastam laqueo suspensam vitam finisse atque Oedipodem oculos suos uxoris [[Fibula (vestis)|fibulis]] transfixisse. Mox  cruore ex oculis manante vultu resperso ipse in scaenam incedit. Creon et chorus Oedipodem miserantur qui Thebis statim abire cupit. De quo Creon respondet se deum consulturum. Postremo Oedipus utrique filiae, [[Antigone|Antigonae]] et Ismenae, pathetice valere dicit antequam eas Creonis fidei tradat  et chorus moralem significationem eandem fabulae imponat atque [[Herodotus]] fabulae [[Solon|Solonis]] et [[Croesus|Croesi]]ː ne quis mortalis beatus iudicetur ante ultimam vitae horam<ref>Versus 1528-30ː ''ὥστε θνητὸν ὄντα κείνην τὴν τελευταίαν ἰδεῖν
ἡμέραν ἐπισκοποῦντα μηδέν᾽ ὀλβίζειν, πρὶν ἂν
τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ μηδὲν ἀλγεινὸν παθών''</ref>. De genuitate ultimorum versuum controversia quaedam inter modernos eruditos iamdiu saevit<ref>David Kocacs, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43286071 The end of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus: the sceptical case restated]", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', 2014ː 56-65. Alan H. Sommerstein, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41722134 Once more the end of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus]", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', 2011ː 85-93 </ref>

== De argumento et Sophoclea arte ==
Oedipodis gesta iam satis nota erant, cum Sophocles hoc thema elegit, quod Aeschylus in trilogia Thebana (''Laios'', ''Oedipus'', ''[[Septem contra Thebas (Aeschylus)|Septem contra Thebas]]'', addito [[Fabula satyrica|satyrico dramate]] ''Sphinge''ː [[467 a.C.n.]]) iam tractaverat. Nec fabulam mutavit, quamquam eius principia parum verisimilia videri possunt<ref>Ita iam sentiebat [[Voltarius]] in [https://fr.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%C5%92dipe_(Voltaire)/Lettres/III epistula de Sophocleo Oedipode]</ref> - certe ille praeclarus aenigmatum solutor mira et profunda caecitate adficitur, quoad sui fati aenigma pertinet. Nihilominus tanta sollertia actionem peragebat Sophocles, ut iam ab [[Aristoteles|Aristotele]] ''Oedipus rex'' tragicis poetis exemplum imitandum saepe proponeretur nec [[Critica litterarum|moderni critici]] aliam opinionem proferrent. Velut in criminalibus mythistoriis hodiernis veritas succedentibus episodiis paulatim detegitur, sed quia spectatores Graeci fabulae finem non ignorabant de quaerendi et inveniendi ratione magis agitur quam de eventus incertitudine. Multiplices et diversae fuerunt interpretationes exegeticae huius fabulae, quae vicesimo saeculo saepe [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalysim]] invocabant. Plerumque quanti humana scientia et actio in fatalibus calamitatibus adeundis aestimandae sint, interrogant.

== De posteritate ==
Post Sophoclem tragoedias de eadem [[fabula]] composuerunt Graece [[Oedipus (Euripides)|Euripides]], Latine [[Seneca]]<ref>[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.oedipus.shtml Textus]</ref>, Francogallice [[Petrus Corneille]] (1659)<ref>[http://theatre-classique.fr/pages/pdf/CORNEILLEP_OEDIPE.pdf Textus]</ref> et [[Voltarius|Voltarius]] (1718)<ref>[http://www.theatre-classique.fr/pages/pdf/VOLTAIRE_OEDIPE_V.pdf Textus]. Placuit illa prima tragoedia et effecit ut Voltarius et alias postea componeret. Hodie tamen parvi aestimatur.</ref> et alii alia multi lingua. Ex ''Oedipode rege'' Sophocleo [[Petrus Paulus Pasolini]] [[Pellicula|pelliculam]] (1967) duxit<ref>Duarte Mimoso-Ruiz, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/palla_0031-0387_1992_num_38_1_1234 La transposition filmique de la tragédie chez Pasolini, (Œdipe-Roi, Médée)]", ''Pallas. Revue d'études antiques'', 1992ː 57-67. Robert J. White,  "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43796017 Myth and Mise-en-Scène: Pasolini's "Edipo Re"]", ''Literature/Film Quarterly'', 1977ː 30-37.</ref>. Illustris est etiam ''Oedipus rex'' cantatus a [[Ioannes Cocteau|Ioanne Cocteau]] (textus Francogallicus postea a [[Ioannes Daniélou|Iohanne Daniélou]] Latine versus) et [[Inguarus Stravinskij|Igor Stravinski]] (musica) compositus (1927-8).<ref>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8822565s.media Apud Gallica audiendus.]</ref>.

== Notae ==
<references />

== Bibliographia ==
=== Editiones et commentarii ===
*Jean Bollack,	''L'Oedipe roi de Sophocle : le texte et ses interprétations. Tomus 1ː Introduction, texte, traduction. Tomi  2-4ːCommentaire. Index et bibliographie'', Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1991. Quattuor volumina. [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1992_num_61_1_1141 Recensio critica]
*J. C. Kamerbeek, ''The Plays of Sophocles. iv: The Oedipus Tyrannus'', Leiden, Brill, 1967 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1968_num_37_1_1510_t1_0269_0000_1 Recensio critica]
=== Plura legere si cupis ===
[[Fasciculus:OEDIPEROI5539580870 a2948bd1e5 o.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Oedipus''' rex anno 2011 in [[Gallaecia (Communitas autonoma)|Gallaecia]] doctus]]
*Frederick Ahl, ''Sophocles' Oedipus. Evidence and Self-Conviction'', Londinii, 1991 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1993_num_106_506_2600_t2_0672_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*L. Bodin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1936_num_49_229_2754 Le meurtre de  Laïos dans « Œdipe–roi »]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1936ː 77-86
*Lucien Bordaux, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/litts_0563-9751_1997_num_37_1_1756 Œdipe Roi et l'illusion des mots]", ''Littératures'', 1997ː 193-208
*Jean Carrière, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/palla_0031-0387_1956_num_4_3_927 Ambiguïté et vraisemblance dans Œdipe-Roi]", ''Pallas. Revue d'études antiques'', 1956ː 5-14
*Effie Coughanowr, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1997_num_66_1_1268 Philosophic Meaning in Oedipus Rex]",  ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1997ː 55-74
*Georges Daux,	"[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1940_num_53_250_2878 Œdipe et le Fléau (Sophocle, Œdipe roi, 1-275)]",  ''Revue des Études Grecques'',  1940ː 97-122
*Stephanus Esposito, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118351222.wbegt7200 Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus (Οἰδίπους Τύραννος)]" in ''The Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy'', Wiley, 2013.
*Michel Fartzoff, "[https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/3479 Œdipe Roi: le tragique et le texte théâtral]", ''Pallas'', 2010ː 299-309
**"̪[https://www.persee.fr/doc/keryl_1275-6229_1998_act_8_1_980 Pouvoir, destin et légitimité chez Sophocle : d'Œdipe Roi à Œdipe à Colone]" in ''Actes du 8ème colloque de la Villa Kérylos à Beaulieu-sur-Mer les 3 & 4 octobre 1997'', 1998ː 85-99
* Egon Flaig, ''Ôdipus. Tragischer Vatermord im klassischen Athen'', Monaci, H. Beck, 1998 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahess_0395-2649_2002_num_57_3_280069_t1_0704_0000_3 Recensio critica]
*Kurt Fosso, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23266055 Oedipus Crux:Reasonable Doubt in "Oedipus the King"]", ''College Literature'', 2012ː 26-60
*[[Michael Foucault|Michel Foucault]], «[https://www-cairn-info.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/revue-esprit-2011-1-page-90.htm Œdipe roi ou l'invention de la vérité judiciaire] », ''Esprit'', 2011ː 90-99.
**"[https://www.persee.fr/doc/chime_0986-6035_1990_num_10_1_1729#:~:text=En%20una%20conferencia%20pronunciada%20en%20el%20Brasil%2C%20en,la%20historia%20de%20la%20b%C3%BAsqueda%20de%20la%20verdad. La vérité et les formes juridiques]", ''Chimères. Revue des schizoanalyses'', 1990ː 8-28
*Marcello Gigante, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24182929 Dalla parte di Edipo: lettura dell'Edipo "re"]", ''Studi Classici e Orientali'', 1988ː61-96 
*Gottfried Greiffenhagen,"[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4475399 Der Prozess des Ödipus: Strafrechtliche und strafprozessuale Bemerkungen zur Interpretation des Ödipus Rex des Sophokles]", ''Hermes'', 1966ː 147-176
*E.M. Harris, “[https://www.academia.edu/38021445/Is_Oedipus_Guilty_from_Law_and_Drama_in_Ancient_Greece_ed_E_M_Harris_D_Leao_and_P_J_Rhodes Is Oedipus Guilty? Sophocles and Athenian Homicide Law]” in E.M. Harris , D.F. Leão , et P.J. Rhodes (curatores), ''Law and Drama in Ancient Greece. London'': Duckworth, 2010: 122–46.
*Robert L. Kane, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/283940 Prophecy and Perception in the Oedipus Rex]", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' (1974-2014), 1975ː 189-208
*Albert Machin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/palla_0031-0387_1990_num_36_1_1211 Jocaste dans le temps tragique]", ''Pallas. Revue d'études antiques'', 1990ː 7-18
*Patrick Mahony, "[https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/fili/2011-v20-n2-fili1831070/1007610ar.pdf Oedipe roi et la langue de Sophocle]", ''Filigrane Écoutes psychothérapiques'' , 2011ː 33-52
*Bernd Manuwald, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41233841 Oidipus und Adrastos: Bemerkungen zur neueren Diskussion um die Schuldfrage in Sophokles’ ,König Oidipus’]", ''Rheinisches Museum für Philologie''ː 1-43 
*Antonis Paparizos, "[https://journals-openedition-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/kernos/1000 Autorité mantique et autorité politique : Tirésias et Oedipe]"; Kernos, 1990ː 307-318
*José Joaquim Pereira Melo et Renan Willian Fernandes Gomes, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170827071257/http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1171/117128364011.pdf Édipo rei: a formação do homem para a polis]",  ''Educação'', 2013ː 593-604
*Louis Roussel, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1929_num_42_198_6959 Le récit du meurtre de Laïos dans "Œdipe-roi" (798-813)]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1929ː 361-372
*Arbogast Schmitt, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41233657 Mensclisches Fehlen und tragisches Scheitern: Zur Handlungsmotivation im Sophokleischen ‚König Ödipus‘]", ''Rheinisches Museum für Philologie'', 1988ː 8-30
*William C. Scott, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20163599 Musical Design in Sophocles' "Oedipus Tyrannus"]", ''Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics'', 1996ː 33-44
*C. Segal, ''Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge'', Oxford University Press, 2001 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2002_num_71_1_2500_t1_0274_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1995/1995.09.24/ Altera recensio critica]
*Lauren Silberman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25111712 God and Man in "Oedipus Rex"]", ''College Literature'', 1986ː 292-299
*P. H. Vellacott, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/642448 The Chorus in 'Oedipus Tyrannus']", ''Greece & Rome'', 1967ː 109-125
*Abraham Wasserstein, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/bude_0004-5527_1969_num_1_2_3052 Réflexions sur deux tragédies sophocléennes : "Œdipe Roi" et "Œdipe à Colone"]", ''Bulletin de l'Association Guillaume Budé'', 1969ː 189-200

== Nexus externi ==
*[https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82 Textus Graecus apud Vicifontem]
*[https://books.google.de/books?id=CflPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA01&lpg=PA01&dq=videamihi&source=bl&ots=GSD0bX7Yen&sig=st1Mb-_QRRaI1QGIC6r-BZ6nP38&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFqtLpkZDcAhXSGuwKHXOxA_MQ6AEISTAI#v=onepage&q=videamihi&f=false Versio Latina in editione [[Richardus Franciscus Philippus Brunck|Ricardi Brunck]] (1808)]
*[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Sophocles/Oedipus_Rex/oedipus_rex.html ''Oedipus rex'' apud Greekmythology.com]

[[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]]
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