ഫലകം:Infobox carbon എന്ന താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം കാണുക

{{infobox element
|name=carbon
|number=6
|symbol=C
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑr|b|ən}}
|pronounce 2={{respell|KAR|bən}}
|left=[[boron]]
|right=[[nitrogen]]
|above=–
|below=[[Silicon|Si]]
|series=polyatomic nonmetal
|series comment=sometimes considered a [[metalloid]]
|group=14
|period=2
|block=p
|allotropes=diamond, graphite
|appearance=diamond: clear<br/>graphite: black
|image name=Diamond-and-graphite-with-scale.jpg
|image name comment=Diamond (left) and graphite (right), the two most well-known allotropes of carbon
|image name 2=Carbon Spectra.jpg
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of carbon
|atomic mass=12.011
|atomic mass 2=1
|electron configuration=&#91;[[Helium|He]]&#93; 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 4
|phase=solid
|density gpcm3nrt=amorphous: 1.8–2.1
|density gpcm3nrt ref=<ref name="CRC">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|density gpcm3nrt 2=diamond: 3.515
|density gpcm3nrt 3=graphite: 2.267
|sublimation point K=3915
|sublimation point C=3642
|sublimation point F=6588
|triple point K=4600
|triple point kPa=10800
|triple point ref=<ref name=triple2>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5|title=Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon|year=1976|author=Haaland, D|journal=Carbon|volume=14|pages=357|issue=6}}</ref><ref name=triple3>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027|title=Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)|year=2005|author=Savvatimskiy, A|journal=Carbon|volume=43|pages=1115|issue=6}}</ref>
|heat fusion=graphite: 117
|heat capacity=diamond: 6.155
|heat capacity 2=graphite: 8.517
|electronegativity=2.55
|number of ionization energies=6
|ionization energy 1=1086.5
|ionization energy 2=2352.6
|ionization energy 3=4620.5
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=sp<sup>3</sup>: 77 pm<br/>sp<sup>2</sup>: 73 pm<br/>sp: 69
|Van der Waals radius=170
|crystal structure=diamond cubic
|crystal structure prefix=diamond:
|crystal structure comment=(clear)
|crystal structure 2=simple hexagonal
|crystal structure 2 prefix=graphite
|crystal structure 2 comment=(black)
|oxidation states='''4''', 3,<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/36.pdf|title=Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref> 2, 1,<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/42.pdf|title=Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref> [[Formaldehyde|0]], [[Carbide|−1]], [[Methanol|−2]], [[Ethane|−3]], '''−4'''<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/comp.html|title=Carbon: Binary compounds|accessdate=2007-12-06}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly acidic oxide)
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </ref>
|electrical resistivity= 7.787 µΩ·m (graphite) <ref>https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm</ref>
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=diamond: 900-2300
|thermal conductivity 2=graphite: 119-165
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=diamond: 0.8
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=<ref name=ioffe>[http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond Properties of diamond], Ioffe Institute Database</ref>
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=diamond:&nbsp;18350
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|tensile strength=
|Young's modulus=diamond: 1050
|Young's modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Shear modulus=diamond: 478
|Shear modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Bulk modulus=diamond: 442
|Bulk modulus ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Poisson ratio=diamond: 0.1
|Poisson ratio ref=<ref name=ioffe/>
|Mohs hardness=diamond: 10
|Mohs hardness 2=graphite: 1&ndash;2
|CAS number=7440-44-0
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=carbon-11 | mn=11 | sym=C | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=20 [[minute|min]] | dm= [[Beta emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de=0.96
 | link1=boron-11 | pn=11 | ps=B}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=carbon-12 | mn=12 | sym=C | na=98.9% | n=6 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=carbon-13 | mn=13 | sym=C | na=1.1% | n=7 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | link=carbon-14 | mn=14 | sym=C | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=5730 [[year|y]] | dm=[[Beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.15 0
|link1=nitrogen-14 | pn=14 | ps=N}}
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]] and [[Sumer]]ians<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml |title=History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky |publisher=Caer.uky.edu |date= |accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref>
|discovery date=3750 BCE
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date=
|history comment label=Recognized as an element by
|history comment=[[Antoine Lavoisier]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Senese, Fred|date=2000-09-09|url=http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml|title=Who discovered carbon?|publisher=Frostburg State University|accessdate=2007-11-24}}</ref> (1789)
}}<noinclude>
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